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1、35专题08 语法填空一、2022年高考真题 I.记叙文1. 【2022全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitke
2、n basin. Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of part
3、icular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist a
4、t Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答
5、案】61touched62extremely63where64interest65than66to find67means68is constructed69much70its【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球反面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。61.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。62考查副词。句意：登录月球的反面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extre
6、me的副词形式，故填extremely。63考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。64考查名词。句意：月球反面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣。故填interest。65考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so
7、可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更。故填than。66考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。67考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们冲动，布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有时机获得月球是如何构造的信息。根据上文“This really excites scientists可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。68考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语
8、动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。69考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比方它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的方案是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。70考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。2. 【2022全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Deorating with Plants, Fruits
9、 and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new begi
10、nnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their
11、 “Lucky Bamboo plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (b
12、eauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【答案】61celebration62carries63coming64than65decorated66Certainly67with68to care69beauti
13、ful70the【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。61考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。62考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。63考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词ear
14、th与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。64考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。65考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。66考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。67考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足
15、和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。68考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do结构。填to care。69考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。70考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。3. 【2022全国卷III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In ancient China lived
16、 an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63(choose), but when
17、 he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the
18、banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently ref
19、lected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.
20、【答案】61whose62finest63be chosen64curiosity65When/As66pointed67to find68gently69surrounding70On【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。61考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。62考查最高级。句意：一天，皇
21、帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。63考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。64.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心。故填curiosity。65考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家
22、时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。66考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。67考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。68考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面
23、移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地。故填gently。69考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。70考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上短语为on earth。故填on。4. 【2
24、022山东卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big
25、 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums col
26、lection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk)throug
27、h a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the citys Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45peoples spare time and money with other amusements. Most
28、museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【答案】36wealthy37or38formed39which/that40are called41is42themselves43walking44accuracy45for【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。36考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。37考查连词。句意:他
29、们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。38考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。39考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。40考查动词
30、时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的局部被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。41考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小局部藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。42考查反身代词。句意:除了欣赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想
31、象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。43考查非谓语动词。句意:除了欣赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事。故填walking。44考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性。故填accuracy。45考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活
32、动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了竞争。故填for。5. 【2022浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered
33、from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person 58 hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 59(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of techn
34、ology 60(change)lives.By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 62 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long
35、 time. Then，with 64 rise of science，changes began. New methods 65 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.【答案】56in57
36、what58than59was needed60to change61had discovered62seasons63making64the65meant.【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的开展历史。56考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地。故填in。57考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们
37、开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句局部缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词。根据句意，此处缺“什么之意。故填what。58考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more than，意为“比更故填than。59考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。60考查非谓语动词
38、。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词局部需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。61考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到为止，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.62考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用
39、复数形式。故填seasons。63考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动关系。所以此处用现在分词形式doing形式做状语。故填making。64考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着.的崛起是固定短语。故填the。65考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句局部无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原那么此处也应为过
40、去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。二、2022届模拟题12022届河北省唐山市高三第一次模拟考试阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We always think its OK for us to leave our plants unattended during our vacation,but a recent study has led to a new 61. (discover).Some scientists tested tobacco plants and tomato plants by cutti
41、ng off their stems(茎)and 62. (stop)watering them.They then recorded their response with a microphone 63. (place)ten centimeters away.They found that the plants began to scream ultrasonic(超声波)sounds, which they believed could convey their suffering 64. other plants.When the stem of a tomato plant was
42、 cut,the scientists found that 65. screamed 25 ultrasonic sounds of suffering within an hour.The tobacco plant that had its stem cut 66. (send)out 15.The plants also seemed to respond to different 67. (stress)with the different intensities(强度)of sound.The scientists observed that the tobacco plants
43、let out 68. (loud)sound when they were not watered than when they had their stems cutThe study answers the question 69. plants can feel pain or not.It can change the way that we think about the plant kingdom,which has been 70. (natural)considered to be almost silent.【答案】61. discovery62. stopping63.
44、placed64. to65. it66. sent67. stresses68. louder69. whether70. naturally【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍最近的一项研究新发现：研究人员通过切下烟草和番茄的茎并停止给其浇水，发现植物可以发出超声波把感受到疼痛发送给其他植物。此外，植物也对不同强度的声音会发出不同的声音。61. 考查名词。句中lead to “引起，导致，其中to 为介词，其后新的发现做to 的宾语，所以要用名词。故填discovery。62. 考查动名词。句意：一些科学家通过砍掉烟草植株和西红柿植株的茎并停止给它们浇水来测试它们。句中by之后的内容做方式状语
45、，由and可知，前后结构形式要一致。故填stopping。63. 考查过去分词。with的复合结构为：with+宾语+补语。当补语和宾语的逻辑关系是动关系时，补语要用过去分词形式。句中microphone 和place构成了动宾关系，故填placed。64. 考查介词。句意：他们发现这些植物开始发出超声波的声音，他们相信这些声音可以把它们的痛苦传递给其他植物。句中convey sth. to sb./sth.“把传递给某人或某物为固定搭配。故填to。65. 考查代词。句意：当西红柿的茎被切断时，科学家们发现它在一小时内，它发出25声超声波的痛苦声。分析句式得知，在时间状语从句when中，主语是
46、the stem of a tomato plant，所以后面的宾语从句指的就是 a tomato plant会发出超声波。故填it。66. 考查时态。句意；切断烟茎的烟草植株发出了15声超声波的痛苦声。本句为复合句，其中that had its stem cut为定语从句，其余局部为主句。本次实验是在过去发生，发出声音为主动发出，时态要用一般过去时。故填sent。67. 考查名词复数。句意：这些植物似乎对不同强度的声音也有不同的反响。句中stress“压力，忧虑为可数名词，结合前面different可知要用复数。故填stresses。68. 考查比较级。句意：科学家们观察到，当烟草没有浇水时
47、，它们发出的声音比剪掉茎干时要响亮。由句中than可以知道，前面要用比较级。故填louder。69. 考查连接词。句意：这项研究答复了植物能否感知疼痛的问题。whether or not “是否为固定搭配。故填whether。70. 考查副词。句中consider为动词，其前面要用副词来修饰，故填naturally。22022届海南省高三高考调研测试阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you come across an 85-year-old woman walking slowly with a walker in the Childrens Hospital of Soochow University, dont take her as a patient. Instead, she is a doctor36. still insists working in the hospital.Sheng Jinyun, born in 1935，a famous expert in pediatric asthma儿科哮喘，37. treatabout 30，000 children suffering asthma so far. She is known.38. “the most beautiful grandma