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1、专题十一概要写作【考情探究】考点所给信息特点考情分析2022浙江6月2022浙江11月2022浙江6月2022浙江11月2022浙江6月2022浙江10月概要写作语篇类型议论文议论文轮空轮空轮空轮空话题如何有效表扬孩子建议申请者参观即将去读的大学词数342349分析解读1.考查方式提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2.考查能力要求考生在正确理解文章的根底上, 在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连
2、贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。3.考查趋势(1)概要写作考试的设题形式将保持稳定,选材主要是说明文和议论文;(2)文章结构比较清楚,但文章难度会稳中有升,略高于阅读理解的文章;(3)文章取材大多会来自国外报刊网站。【真题探秘】真题再现Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually
3、 be like to live on a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying
4、 to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applic
5、ations even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting y
6、our acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the onl
7、ine college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(参谋), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual cam
8、pus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.阅读点拨本文采用了总分结构,每一段的第一句都是主旨句,能帮助考生迅速把握文章和段落大意。 1.文章大意在你申请之前参观一下大学是个好主意。 2.段落大意第二段:没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校。第三段:你应该在申请和得到录取通知书之间找到一些时间
9、来参观学校。第四段:如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。【高分作文写作过程详解】1.获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息(1)文章主旨句Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.(2)段落主旨句Paragraph 2: Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.Paragraph 3: .you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance lette
10、rs to visit the schools.Paragraph 4: .check out the online college fairs at College-WeekLive.(3)支持句第四段中的it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend可以看作是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和说明。2.立足文章结构,筛
11、选主要信息本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主要信息写入概要。根据本文实际,段落支持信息不再写入概要。3.分析句子关系,提炼关键词本文为议论文,visit colleges、visit the schools、check out the online college fairs等词语为关键词,它们是概要写作的根底和核心。4.依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息(1)可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合:Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, espe
12、cially the ones in your local area.(2)可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合:Check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive that will help you make an informed decision.5.忠于原文思想,变换表达方式Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.Its wise of you to visi
13、t colleges before you apply, especially the ones close to you.6.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to colleges, especially the ones close to you.(使用副词especially增强了上下文之间的连贯性)参考范文五档作文It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to, especially the ones c
14、lose to you.(要点1)In order to avoid making a wrong choice, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2) If you find it difficult to get enough time and money, it will be helpful to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive and there you can get the neces
15、sary information.(要点3)总分值作文It is a wise choice for you to visit the colleges you are applying to in person, especially the ones that are close to you. (要点1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2)If time and money are your
16、 problems, it will be of great benefit to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要点3)【五年高考】(2022浙江6月)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, sa
17、ys, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere
18、, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that y
19、ou dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your ch
20、ild does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that its the pro
21、cess not the end product that matters.Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child wh
22、en she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report. But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.答案写作提示1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也
23、不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。3.针对此类文章最好在概要中参加主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。One possible version:How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong way may have opposite effects on children.(要点1) On the other hand,
24、no praise also does harm to kids development.(要点2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather than the end product.(要点3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids proper effort, regardless of the result.(要点4)【三年模拟】A组20222022年模拟根底题组Writing 1(2022届山东济宁鱼台一中期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一
25、篇60词左右的内容概要。Smoking a whole packet of cigarettes in a day once or twice a year would certainly make someone feel ill, but probably would not kill him. Smoking even one cigarette every day for decades, though, might do so. That is the difference between the acute exposure and the chronic(慢性的)one, and
26、 it is a difference that most people understand. What they may not understand is that the same thing applies to air pollution.On a day-to-day basis, the forecasts most European cities offer turn red only when pollution levels rise to a point where they will cause immediate discomfort. That makes sen
27、se, but it might also make the badly-informed citizens think that if most days in the place where they live are green, the air theyre breathing is basically safe. This may not be the case. For example, in London where the national data said air quality was “good or “very goodfour days out of five, a
28、 study found that levels of NO2 were always higher than the WHOs limit of a long-term danger.Official data also fail to notice patterns of difference within a day. These can be important,because people might be able to change their behavior if they understood them. Our study suggests, for example, t
29、hat Parisians who head out for work at 9 a.m. and return at 6 p.m. could reduce their average daily intake of NO2 by 16% by traveling both ways an hour earlier. Going two hours earlier would cut the intake by 28%.The best advice of all to people in these cities,though, is to move to America. In New
30、York, levels of NO2 were 20% below the WHO limit, and that is pretty typical of places in the United States, where diesel(柴油) is less common than that in Europe. As the words on the Statue of Liberty say, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled(蜷缩的) masses yearning to breathe free.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明
31、文。文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。1.本文共分四段:第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。 3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。One possible version:Like cigarettes, air pollution can be mild, but it is also harmful to human health in the long term.(要点1)The forecasts saying days are green dont mean the a
32、ir is absolutely safe to breathe. (要点2)Most European citizens are not informed of the different patterns of pollution within a day. (要点3)These people are advised to move to America, where the air is quite clean.(要点4)Writing 2(2022届浙江杭州三校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It was once common to regard Brita
33、in as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the “decline of class and “classless society in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class
34、 is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be cult
35、urally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of classes.One unchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent. The words a person speaks show her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a
36、voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated and “soft. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional (地区的) city accents. These accents were seen as “common and “ugly. However, a simila
37、r study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, however, young upper middl
38、e-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song “Common People puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live like common people they ca
39、n never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章认为目前英国仍然有浓厚的阶层倾向。1.本文共分四段,每段主旨都很清楚。2.概要可以根据各个自然段来写。3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。One possible version:Currently Britain seems to be classless in the consumer society. (要点1)However, a study shows British still have a strong sense of class whic
40、h continues to be a crucial part for them. (要点2) What remains the same is that the accent represents a persons class while peoples attitudes to the accent are related to class prejudice. (要点3)Nevertheless, nowadays the young upper middle class cover up their origins with other accents. (要点4)Writing
41、3(2022届浙江嘉兴一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Did you know that 60.2% of US families own dogs? Thats about 50 million families. Besides being a faithful companion, these friends also provide many health benefits that can be truly life-changing for your fitness and wellness.Most dogs need to do their busin
42、ess outside many times per day, so you are up and moving more often than non-pet owners. The average dog owner spends 300 minutes per week walking, compared to a non-pet owners 168 minutes. Frequent daily exercise lowers your blood pressure and reduces your chances of suffering from heart disease.Yo
43、ur physical health isnt the only thing that gets better with a companion dog. You can also improve your mental well-being. People suffering from anxiety find it helpful to have a dog on hand thats happy to provide assistance. You can find many dogs operating as emotional support animals, and helping
44、 people in stressful situations feel better. If your dog is a more active type, you could find yourself taking your friend all over the place. If you take your dog to the forest, you actually lower your tendency to suffer negative(消极的) feelings. A study discovered that the part of the brain that is
45、most active when you deal with negative things calms down when you spend time among the trees.The dog ownership routine allows you to build healthy habits and it also gives you the opportunity to make social connections. Dog parks are filled with people you share a common interest with, and there ar
46、e plenty of people who love to give dogs a friendly pat(轻拍)during walks. All of these are opportunities to have new great friendships and other emotional connections.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文,主要说明了养狗可以使人身心健康。1.文章第一段提出观点。2.第二段至第四段分别就这个观点进行阐述。注意把握各段的核心词。One possible version:Many US families have dogs and these c
47、ompanion animals help improve peoples health in many ways. (要点1) Taking the dog for a walk every day contributes to physical health. (要点2) Besides, dogs, which can offer people emotional support or get them close to nature, bring psychological benefits. (要点3) They also provide more chances of positi
48、ve social interaction with people of the same interest. (要点4)Writing 4(2022届浙江嘉兴期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Most people around the world are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true throughout history. In 1977 scientists studied works of art made at various times in history. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. But what do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed alo