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1、 专题七 形容词和副词教学目标1. 掌握形容词和副词的根本用法；2. 掌握形容词和副词的比拟等级；3. 掌握形容词和副词的词义辨析；4. 准确完成形容词和副词的相关练习。形容词和副词专题考情分析各地中考试题对形容词和副词的考查，重点侧重形容词和副词的根本用法，形容词和副词的比拟等级及形容词和副词的词义辨析。主要题型包括：单项选择，用所给单词的适当形式填空、句型转换、完成句子等。自我测试1. “A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m. said the policeman _.A. serious, seriousB. seriously, seriouslyC. s
2、eriously, seriousD. serious, seriously2. The cake smells _. Please throw it away.A. goodB. badlyC. badD. well3. What a cough! You seem ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terribleC. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly4. Jim is at all his lessons. And Im sure hell do very in the exams.A. wel
3、l, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good 5. Its so cold today.Yes, its _than it was yesterday.A. more coldB. more colderC. much colderD. cold6. Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make.We know, Miss Gao.A. The more; the moreB. The fewer; the moreC. The more; the
4、fewerD. The less; the less7. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?A. difficultB. much difficultC. more difficultD. the most difficult8. This pencil is _ that one.A. so long asB. as longer asC. longer thanD. not as longest as9. Its such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.A. interesting; i
5、nterestedB. interested; interesting C. interesting; interestingD. interested; interested10. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How much11.What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing?Singing. of course. Shes known to it. A. be good at B. be good for C. be ba
6、d at D. be bad for 12. do you write to your pen friend? About twice a month. A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long 参考答案：DCABC CCCAC AA教学建议：1. 如果学生自我测试中的1-4小题有错误，建议先带着学生回忆考点1关于形容词和副词的根本用法的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局部中的相关习题。2. 如果学生自我测试中的5-8小题有错误，建议先带着学生回忆考点2关于形容词和副词的比拟等级的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局
7、部中的相关习题。3. 如果学生自我测试中的9-12小题有错误，建议先带着学生回忆考点3关于形容词和副词的词义辨析的根底考点复习局部，并完成根底演练与稳固提升两局部中的相关习题。4. 通过自我测试局部的测验，可以简单了解学生对于形容词和副词的整体掌握情况，根据自己所带学生的学习程度，形容词和副词的考点的复习可以有所删减或选择性的讲解。知识梳理考点归纳教学建议：建议此局部根据学生具体的学习情况进行选择性的讲解。如果学生学习程度一般，建议从前往后，由易到难，帮助学生进行考点的梳理和归纳。每个小考点所配习题均为各省市中考真题，帮助学生了解每个考点的考查形式，例题局部可以老师带着学生分析完成，也可以在讲
8、解完一个考点以后，让学生独立完成，然后检查学生对该考点的掌握情况。红色答案局部在给学生的讲义中可以删掉。【考点1】形容词和副词的根本用法形容词1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。(1). 作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister. 这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。(2). 作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy. 他看起来很开心。(3). 作宾补，放在宾语之前，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes
9、closed. 你必须闭着眼睛。例题：2022贵阳Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now be feels very _.A. sleepB. asleepC. sleepy答案：C2. 形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white等。如：The young should be polite to the old. 年轻人应该对老人有礼貌。3. 形容词的顺序当名词由两个以上的形容词包括一
10、些具有形容词功能的限定词修饰时，这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规那么，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列：(1). 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。(2). 表示观点的描绘性形容词，如beautiful, fine, interesting等。(3). 表示大小、长短、上下等的形容词，如tall, high, small, little, round等。(4). 表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如：young, old, new等。(5). 表示颜色的形容词，如black, white, blue等。(6). 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容
11、词，如Japanese, American, English, rural等。(7). 表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如：plastic, silky, wooden等。如：two round blue plastic plates 两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘4. 常见名词变形容词的方法名词构成方法意义举例表示天气现象的名词-y充满的， 多的cloud-cloudy表示方位的名词-ern方位的，朝方的west-western表示称谓的名词-ly般的friend-friendly表示时间的名词-ly每的week-weekly表示物质的名词-en由制成的wood-wooden表示抽象意义的名词-ful
12、/ -y/ -less的/ 的/ 无的care-careful; luck-lucky; hope-hopeless表示大洲与国家的名词-n的/ 人的Asia-Asian副词1. 副词的分类(1). 时间副词时间副词有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, lately, early, already, yet, ever等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。例题：2022天津Could you tell me _ youll go to Paris?Next month.A. whyB. w
13、hereC. whenD. how答案：C(2). 地点副词地点副词有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。(3). 方式副词方式副词有quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly构成。(4). 程度副词程度副词有very, quite, rather, too, much, so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词
14、的原级，有些能修饰形容词、副词的比拟级。(5). 疑问副词疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。例题：2022湖北_ are the students in your class?Most of them are only fourteen.A. How longB. How oldC. How manyD. How often答案：B(6). 关系副词关系副词有when, where, why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。(7). 频度副词频度副词有often, usually, never等。例题：2022宁夏Have you ever be
15、en to Beijing?No，_.答案：A2. 副词的功能(1). 作状语如：He works hard. 他工作努力。(2). 作表语如：He is in. 他在家。(3). 作宾语补足语如：Let them in. 让他们进来。【考点2】形容词和副词的比拟等级形容词的比拟等级1. 形容词原级的用法(1). 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如：The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 花园里的花很漂亮。(2). 有副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。如：The boy is too
16、young. 这个男孩太小了。(3). 表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。. 肯定句中的结构：“A+as+形容词原级+ as + B。如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。例题：2022青岛The talent show is _ the game show. I like both.A. as boring asB. not so bored asC. as interesting asD. not so interested as答案：C. 否认句中的结构：“A+as/so+形容词原级+ as + B。如：This
17、 book isnt so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。. half as+形容词原级+as表示“是的一半。如：Her room is half as big as yours. 她的房间是你房间的一半大。2. 形容词比拟级的用法(1). 形容词比拟等级的构成规那么变化类别构成方法原级比拟级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er, -estlonglongerlongest以不发音的e结尾时加-r, -stlatelaterlatest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，
18、双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest多音节词和局部双音节词在原级前加more, mostcarefulmore carefulmost careful不规那么变化原级比拟级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/ muchmoremostbadworseworstoldolder年级较大的elder较年长的oldest年级最大的eldest最年长的(2). 形容词比拟级的用法. 表示两者进行比拟时用形容词比拟级，其结构为“A+比拟级+than +B。如：Lilys room is bigger than mine. 莉莉的房间比我的大。例题：
19、2022重庆I think its necessary to learn how to work in groups.A. less importantB. more important C. the least importantD. the most important答案：B. 有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far等修饰形容词时，该形容词可以用比拟级。如：The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter. 冬
20、天，天津的天气比广州的冷。例题：2022重庆This kind of watch is much _ today than last month. Would you like to have one?Really? Ill take one.A. the most expensiveB. the cheapestC. more expensiveD. cheaper答案：D. 表示在两者之间选择“哪一个更时，用句型“Which / Who + be + 形容词比拟级，A或B？表示。如：Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? 谁比拟高，李明还是王涛？. 表示“几
21、倍于时，用“倍数+比拟级+than表示。. 表示“两者之间比拟的一个of the two时，常用“the + 比拟级结构。如：Mary is the taller of the twins. 玛丽是双胞胎中比拟高的那个。. 表示“越来越.，用比拟级重叠结构，即“比拟级+and+比拟级，当形容词为多音节词或局部双音节词时，用“more and more + 形容词原级。如：Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和。I think so. The government must do something to deal with it
22、.A. smaller and smallerB. worse and worseC. better and betterD. nicer and nicer答案：B. 表示“越越时，用“the+比拟级，the+比拟级结构。如：The more, the better. 越多越好。例题：2022孝感The earlier kids learn to be independent, the _ it is for their future.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best答案：C(3). 形容词最高级的用法. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比拟时，用最高级形式。形容词
23、最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。例题：2022厦门Have you seen the movie Zootopia?Yes, Ive seen it twice. Of all the movies Ive ever seen, Its the _ one.A. interestingB. more interestingC. most interesting答案：C. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which / Who + be + th
24、e + 形容词最高级，A，B，or C?结构。如：Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪座城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？. 表示“最的之一时，用“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构。如：Jay Zhou is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢送的歌手之一。. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river n China. 黄河是中国第二长河
25、。. 形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词。如：This is our best lesson today. 这是我们今天最好的一节课。. 形容词比拟级结构可以表示最高级含义。如：Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是他班里最高的学生。= Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班里其他任何一个学生都高。副词的比拟等级1. 副词的比拟级和最高级的构成(1). 规那么构成：与形容词的比拟级和最高级的构成、用法及读音完全
26、相同。英语中常见的由-er, -est构成比拟级和最高级的副词有fast, early, late, hard, long, near等。(2). 不规那么构成原级比拟级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseWorstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthest2. 副词的比拟等级的用法详解(1). 平级比拟的用法. 肯定句中用“as + 副词原级 + as结构如：The teacher speaks as clearly as she can to make us understand her
27、. 老师尽力说清楚以便我们能明白她。例题：2022铜仁市His handwriting is very careful.YeahWith the help of him, his sister writes as _ as him.A. careB. carefulC. more carefullyD. carefully答案：D. 否认句中用“as/so + 副词原级 + as结构。如：I cant type as/ so fast as my brother. 我打字不如我弟弟快。(2). 比拟级的用法. 用“比拟级+than结构可以表示一方超过另一方的情况，也可表示一方不如另一方的情况。
28、如：Tom is hard-working. I work harder than him. 汤姆很努力，我比他更努力。例题：2022江西I didnt do very well in this exam. Unluckily, he did it _.A. worseB. badlyC. betterD. worst答案：A. “比拟级+and +比拟级表示某种情况变得“越来越。如：Tom plays the violin more and more beautifully. 汤姆小提琴拉得越来越好。. “the+比拟级, the+比拟级表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行变化，意为“越就越。
29、如：The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. 我们相互了解得越多，就越能互相理解。(3). 最高级的用法主要运用“the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语结构，最高级前的定冠词the可省略。如：Of all the subjects, I like art (the) best. 在所有课程中，我最喜欢美术。例题：2022毕节市Bob sings _ in our class.A. betterB. bestC. goodD. well答案：B【考点3】形容词和副词的词义辨析形容词的词义辨析1. 形容词短语在英
30、语中有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词构成形容词短语，常见的有：(1). 与about搭配：be careful about 对小心be sure about 对有把握be crazy about 对热衷be worried about 对担忧be sorry about 对感到遗憾(2). 与at搭配：be annoyed at 对恼怒be angry at 对生气be good at 对方面擅长be surprised at 对.感到惊奇be mad at 对愤怒(3). 与for搭配：be famous for 因而著名be ready for 为做好准备be good for 对有好处be
31、 bad for 对有害处be thirsty for 渴望(4). 与from搭配：be absent from 缺席be different from 与不同be separated from 和别离开(5). 与in搭配：be interested in 对感兴趣be weak in 在方面薄弱be poor in 缺乏，贫乏be different in 在方面不同be successful in 在成功(6). 与of搭配：be afraid of 害怕be fond of 喜欢be proud of 为感到自豪be tired of 对感到厌倦be short of 短缺(7).
32、与of搭配：be close to 接近，靠近be good to 对好be kind to 对和蔼be rude to 对粗鲁be polite to 对有礼貌(8). 与with搭配：be angry with 对生气be careful with 小心be busy with 忙于be satisfied with 对感到满意be patient with 对有耐心2. ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised 感到惊讶的This is a surprising story. I am surprised at the n
33、ews. interesting 有趣的interested 感兴趣的I have an interesting book, he is interested in science. exciting 令人兴奋地excited 感到兴奋地Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about travelling.moving 令人感动的moved 受感动的Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring 令人疲惫的tired 感到疲倦的Its a
34、 long tiring day. Im too tired. 3. farther和further易混词意义及用法说明例句fartherfar的比拟级，在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther和further可以互换I was so tired that I couldnt walk any farther/ further.furtherfar的比拟级，表示“在更大程度上，在更大范围内，进一步等时，不能与farther互换He went abroad for further. 4. older和elder易混词意义及用法说明例句older常用于比拟句型中，表示“较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的Y
35、our bike is older than mine.elder尤指同一家庭里两个成员中“年纪较长的Hes my elder brother.副词的词义辨析1. how long, how soon, how often和how far疑问副词短语意义及用法说明例句how long“多久，多长时间，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+时间段或“since+时间点答复How long have you been in China?For three months.how soon“多快，多久以后，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+时间段答复How soon will
36、he come back?In five months.how often“多长时间一次，对频率提问，常用once/twice/three times a week等答复。How often do you visit your grandparents?Once a week.how far“多远，对距离提问How far is it from your home to your school?About two kilometers.2. hard和hardly副词意义及用法说明例句hard“努力地，辛苦的，剧烈地，猛烈地，是程度副词Its raining hard.hardly“几乎不，是
37、否认副词I can hardly understand his words.3. already, yet和still副词意义及用法说明例句already常用于肯定句I have already finished my homework.yet常用于否认句或疑问句句末Have you heard from him yet?still常用于肯定句和疑问句，表示某事还在进行He still works until late every night.4. much too和too much副词短语意义及用法说明例句much too“非常，极其，太，much和too都是副词，中心词是too，much修
38、饰too，以加强语气，much too修饰形容词或副词原级。The car is much too expensive.too much“太多，中心词是much, too修饰much，以加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词，与too many相对应，too many修饰可数名词复数。Theres too much rain in summer.根底演练教学建议：建议此局部用作当堂检测练习，复习完数词考点以后，即刻让学生完成数词各个考点的综合练习。大局部练习的考点在讲解过程中都有涉及，局部常见常考单词建议老师在指导学生练习的过程中可以补充给学生。一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The ri
39、ver was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and burned. 2. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _ (soft). 3. Just be _ (patience). 4. Although parents should take _ (well) care of their young children, they dont _ (necessary) do anything for them.
40、5. Do you like Marys new hairstyle? Perfect! How much _ (good) she looks with the curly short hair! 6. Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? - Not at all. I cant have a _ (bad) one. 7. - Lily did succeed at last! Yeah, indeed, but she was _ (luck) than successful, I think. 8. That would be
41、a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like this. 9. Mary felt _ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 10. The teachers are very enthusiastic and _ (friend) and the classrooms are _ (amaze).二、单项选择。1. She isnt so _at maths as you are.A.
42、wellB. goodC. betterD. best2. Peter writes _ of the three.A. betterB. bestC. goodD. well3. _ children there are in family_ their life will be.A. The less; the betterB. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richerD. More; poorer4. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and more richB. more ri
43、ch and more richC. richer and richerD. richer and richest5. India has the second _ population in the world.A. largerB. mostC. smallestD. largest6. I think Chinese is than maths. A. interesting B. more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting 7. The Huang He River is one of in China. A.
44、 The long river B. the longest riverC. the longest rivers D. the longer river 8. It was yesterday than today. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest9. Which subject do you like , English Chinese or maths?A. best B. well C. better D. good10. I dont think English is Chinese.A. as important as B. not important asC. not so important D. important as稳固提升教学建议：建议此局部用作课后作业，整体难度比【根底演练】局部难度有所增加。一、单句改错。只有一处错误1. The fruits are small