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1、连词与从句【连词】用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和附属连词。附属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。1.并列连词并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词如and,but,or,so等，可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词短语用法如下：关系连词短语意义例句说明并列关系and和；又Sheiskindandpatient.她既友好又有耐心。表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否认句中用or。然后Hecameinandtookoffhiscoat.他进来然后脱掉外套。表示动作先后。那么
2、Becareful，andyouwillmakefewermistakes.细心点，你就会少犯错误。祈使句+and+陈述句表结果。both.and.两者都BothLindaandAmylikereading.琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读。连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。并列关系neither.nor.既不也不Mr.Gaoneitherdrinksnorsmokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原那么。notonly.butalso.不但而且NotonlyhebutalsoIamexcitedaboutthenews.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。转折关系bu
3、t但是Themanispoor，butheishappy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。不能与(al)though同时使用。while然而Ilikeredwhileshelikesblue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。强调比照关系。选择关系or或者Whoistaller,SamorJohn?谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？表示选择。否那么；要不然Studyhard，oryoullfailtheexam.努力学习，否那么你会考试不及格。祈使句+or+陈述句表结果。either.or.或者或者EithermilkorcoffeeisOK.牛奶或咖啡都可以。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原那么。因果关系so因
4、此；所以Hewasill,sohedidntgotoschool.他生病了，因此没有去上学。不能与because同时使用。2.附属连词附属连词主要用来引导宾语从句if,whether和状语从句如when,because,until等。常见附属连词用法见以下考点2宾语从句和考点3状语从句的讲解。【考点训练1】1.The flight was delayed by the storm,_ the passengers had to wait at the airport. A.but B.or C.so D.for2.Theres no ticket left for Lang Langs pia
5、no concert. _you _ your sister can go to it. A.Both;and B.Not only;but alsoC.Either;or D.Neither;nor3.Lucy is very young,_ she can live on her own. A.and B.or C.so D.but4.I want to be a teacher when I grow up.Work hard, _ your dream will come true. A.or B.andC.but D.if5.Tina,put your heart into stud
6、y,_ youll fail the coming math exam.OK,I will. A. and B.but C.or D.so答案：C DDBC【宾语从句】在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是：主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态1.引导词引导词作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。HesaidthatKatewasgoodatswimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。if/whether意为“是否,不作句子成分,但不能省略。HeaskedmeifMissGaowasateacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。what,whic
7、h,who,whose,whom连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分作主语、宾语、定语等。Idontknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们将要做什么。when,where,why,how连接副词,在从句中通常作状语。Couldyoutellmewhereyouaregoing?你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？2.语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：Do you know where the nearest hotel is?你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？3. 时态时态规律例句主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态。Iremembe
8、rhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态。KateaskedwhatTomwasdoingthen.凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。Mr.Gaotoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。注意：在以Could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如：Could you tell me where Helen
9、lives?你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？Could you tell me where you went last weekend?你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？要点提醒：宾语从句的简化当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Could you tell me how to get to the station?【考点训练2】1.
10、Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?Some English songs，I guess. A.what B.whenC.why D.how2.Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A.what were they talking aboutB.what are they talking aboutC.what they were talking aboutD.what they are talking about3.Can you tell me _?Sure.He lives on Center S
11、treet. A.where does he liveB.where he livesC.why he lives thereD.what does he do4.Could you please tell me _？Sorry,Im new here. A.where can I buy some juiceB.when does the supermarket closeC.how to get to the libraryD.what time does the movie begin答案：ACBC状语从句在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、
12、结果、让步、比拟、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下：类型引导词例句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,not.until.,assoonasIwaswatchingTVwhilemymomwascooking.我看电视的时候，我妈妈在做饭。条件状语从句if,aslongas,unlessWewillgoforapicnicifitdoesntrain.如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。原因状语从句because,as,sinceSincewehavegotreadyforit,letssetoff.既然我们做好了准备，那就出发吧。目的状语从句sothat,ino
13、rderthatHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchhistrain.他为了赶上火车起得很早。结果状语从句so/such.that.ItissuchaheavyboxthatIcantcarryit.这个盒子如此重我搬不动它。让步状语从句though,although,evenif/though,whatever,whenever.Heoftenhelpsothersthoughheisnotrich.尽管他不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。比拟状语从句than,as.as.,notas/so.as.HeranasfastasJim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。地点状语从句where,
14、whereverBobwouldliketogowhereverhelikes.鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。方式状语从句as,asif/thoughYouspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.你讲得好似你真的去过那儿一样。要点提醒：1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打 。【考点训练3】1.Does your mother have a hobby?No，_ you call going shopping
15、 a hobby. A.unless B.becauseC.although D.if2.Life is like a mirror. _ you smile at it,it will smile back. A.Unless B.WhenC.Until D.Though 3._ he had failed many times,he didnt give up and succeeded in the end. A.Unless B.AlthoughC.If D.Since4.There will be less pollution _ more people use public tra
16、nsportation. A.but B.though C.unless D.if5.Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A.such B.so C.too D.very答案：ABBDB【定语从句】在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的根本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,
17、它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。其用法如下：1.关系代词的根本用法关系代词在从句中的成分先行词例句that主语、宾语、表语人，物Thewatch(that)myfatherboughtwasmadeinShanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。who主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowtheteacherwhowearsglasses?你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？whom宾语人Theboy(whom)mymotherwastalkingtoismycousin.我妈妈正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。which主语、宾
18、语、表语物Ilikemusic(which)Icansingalongwith.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。whose定语人，物Thelittlegirlwhosehairiscurlywonthefirstprize.那个卷发小女孩赢得了第一名。1关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如：The girls who are dancing there are my friends.那边在跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。2. 关系副词的根本用法关系副词在从句
19、中的成分先行词例句when状语时间IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthemusicclub.我从不会忘记我参加音乐俱乐部的那天。where状语地点Iwenttothevillagewheremyfatherwasbornlastweek.我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。why状语原因Hedidntsaythereasonwhyhewaslate.他没有说他迟到的原因。【考点训练4】1.Where is the camera _ my father bought in Japan?Oh,let me see.I put it in your suitcase. A.
20、when B.whoseC.that D.what2.The teenagers like the musician _ different kinds of music. A.who play B.which plays C.who plays D.that play3.Keep Running is a very relaxing TV programme _ is hot among the teenagers. A.which B.whatC.who D.whose4. According to a survey,people _ are able to speak two langu
21、ages can manage two things at the same time more easily. A.which B.whom C.whose D.who答案：CCAD【中考例如】1.(2022广西北部湾)His mother doesnt like to throw away old things _ they are useless. ( )A.but B.becauseC.even if D.so that2.(2022广西北部湾)Could you tell me _ ?Once a month. ( )A.how often do you go to the supe
22、rmarketB.how often you go to the supermarketC.how soon will you go to the supermarketD.how soon you will go to the supermarketB【解析】1.考查连词的用法。句意：他的妈妈不喜欢扔掉旧东西，即使它们没有用了。A项意为“但是，表转折；B项意为“因为，表因果；C项意为“即使，表让步；D项意为“以便，表目的。由语境可知C项符合题意。 2.考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问句询问的是频率，要用how often提问，排除C、D项；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A项。【考题热身】1.(20
23、22云南)Youll get good grades _ you work hard. A.although B.soC.if D.unless2.(2022云南)Could you tell me _ ?The movie Fast and Furious(激情) 8. A.where you saw the movieB.which movie you like bestC.where did you see the movieD.which movie do you like best3.(2022上海)The two companies decided to work together
24、 _ they had common interest. A.because B.unlessC.but D.or4.(2022德州)Many people like reading newspapers _ they can learn whats happening in the world. A.so that B.ever sinceC.as soon as D.even though5.(2022天津)Its not always safe to pay over the Internet，_ you should be careful. A.so B.afterC.because
25、D.as soon as6.(2022毕节)This is the best book _ I have ever read.I like it very much. A.which B.thatC.who D.when7.(2022黔东南)Could you tell us where _ the day after tomorrow? A.you will go B.will you goC.you have gone D.you went8.(2022重庆B卷)I like dancing,_ I dont have enough time to practice it. A.or B.
26、soC.but D.because9.(2022泰安)The light in Bills office is still on.I wonder _.Maybe at midnight again. A.if will he stop workingB.why he works so hardC.how long will he workD.when he will stop working10.(2022黔东南)I think the boy _ is in white is his brother. A.what B.which C.who D.whom11.(2022南充)Excuse
27、 me.Could you please tell me _ ?Sure.Go along this street and turn left.Its on your right. A.when I can get to the bookstoreB.when can I get to the bookstoreC.how I can get to the bookstoreD.how can I get to the bookstore12.(2022泰安)I didnt believe I could do it _ I got to the top of Mount Tai. A.unless B.untilC.after D.as答案：CBAABACDCCB