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1、专题八 L字部1. labourn.劳动，劳动力美式拼写：labor关联词组：labour force劳动力；cheap labour廉价劳工；labour cost人工本钱；Labour Day劳动节用法：labour通常视为不可数名词，可指“劳动，尤指体力劳动；也可以指工人的统称，即“劳工，劳动力。例如：The price will include the labour and materials.此价格中包含人工费和材料费。a shortage of labour劳动力的短缺关联单词：labourer=laborer n.劳动者，工人；尤指体力劳动者2022，吉林卷，阅读B65.How
2、do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays?A. By working all day.B. By giving gifts to working people.C. By having fun with friends or family.D. By having a big ceremony.2. landn.陆地，土地；v.落地，着陆，登陆关联词组：land use土里利用；land development土地开发；land area陆地区域熟词僻义：land还可作动词，表示“飞机/鸟/昆虫降落，落地、“船着陆，登陆：T
3、he plane landed safely.飞机平安着陆了。The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。关联单词：island n.岛，小岛；farmland n.农田2022，安徽卷，阅读CShe found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting (当临时保姆).3. largeadj.大的，巨大的用法：large指“尺寸大的，大量的，常用短语有a large number of大量的修饰可数名词；a large amount o
4、f大量的修饰不可数名词；large还可表示“大型号的：small/medium/large小/中/大同义词：big adj.大的反义词：small adj.小的2022，浙江卷，阅读CThe antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.4. lastadj.最后的；最近刚过去的；v.持续关联词组：at last最后，终于；la
5、st year/month/week/night/summer去年/上个月/上周/昨晚/去年夏天；the last minute/moment最后一刻，紧急关头熟词僻义：last还可以作动词，表示“持续，不用于进行时，后面也不一定要接时间状语。例如：The meeting only lasted a few minutes.会议只开了几分钟。This weather wont last.这种天气持续不了多久。词性转换：lasting adj.持久的，永恒的；lastly adv.最后，终于2022，江苏卷，阅读BEggs last a long time. You can keep them
6、for about four weeks in your fridge.5. laughv.笑，发笑关联词组：laugh at嘲笑；laughter it off一笑而过；laugh out loud大声笑用法：laugh一般作动词，后面不直接跟宾语，通常接介词at/about；laugh本身也可作名词，表示指笑的动作：He gave a short laugh.他笑了一声。词性转换：laughter n.笑；笑声；laughable adj.可笑的，快乐的；laughably adv.可笑地2022，浙江卷，完形To his amazement, there was more _15_ an
7、d more money throwing.15. A. troubleB. angerC. silenceD. laughter6. lawn.法律；法令；定律关联词组：law school法学院；labor law劳动法； international law国际法；company law公司法用法：law表示“法律体系，是不可数名词，常和the连用，常见搭配有by law根据法律；break the law违法；触犯法律；be against the law违法law表示具体的“法规，法令等，是可数名词：pass a law通过一项法令；strict gun laws严格的枪支法law表示
8、“规律，法那么，定律等，是可数名词：the laws of nature自然规律词性转换：lawful adj.合法的，法定的；lawfully adv.合法地，守法地；lawyer n.律师2022，山东卷，动词应用 The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety.7. layv.放，搁；下蛋词形变化：过去式laid，过去分词laid关联词组：lay down放下；制定；lay out摆放；安排；lay off解雇用法：lay的根
9、本意义是“安放，放置，是及物动词，宾语后面通常跟副词或介词短语：He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把一只手搭在我的肩上。熟词僻义：lay还可表示“下蛋；产卵：The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds nests.杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。同义词：put v.放2022，湖北卷，阅读BWhile I was eating, he would lay out my clothes, ,make my bed, and gather my school books up.8. leadv.领导，带着词形变化：过去式led，过去分词l
10、edlead根本意义为“带路，引领，常见于短语lead the way中，lead后常接副词或介词短语：The manager led the way through the office.经理带路穿过办公室。lead第二层含义表示“领导，率领：Some people say she is too old to lead the country.有人说，她年纪太大，领导不了国家。lead to sth.是固定短语，表示“导致，造成后果，相当于cause：Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。词性转换：le
11、ading adj.领导的，主要的；leader n.领导者，首领；leadership n.领导能力；领导阶层2022，浙江卷，阅读B19. The writer says that buying things _.A. can make people worriedB. can make people nervousC. may lead to sadness for longD. may lead to happiness for a short time9. leavev.离开；把留下；剩下词形变化：过去式left，过去分词left关联词组：leave sb./sth. alone不打
12、搅，让单独呆着leave表示“出发，离开，leave at+时间点；leave for +地点出发去某地leave表示“把留在某处，后接副词或介词短语：Did anybody leave a jacket behind last night?昨天晚上有哪位忘记拿夹克衫了吗？通常用过去分词left形式表示“剩下，剩余：We dont have much time left.我们没有多少时间了。易混单词：left adj.左边的；n.左，左边2022，浙江卷，完形I wish she would leave us alone. We were in the same summer school a
13、nd now she thinks were best friends.10. lendv.借出，把借给词形变化：过去式lent，过去分词lent关联词组：lend (sb.) a hand给某人搭把手lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力用法：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人：I lent my CD player to Dave.=I lent Dave my CD player.我把CD播放机借给了戴夫。反义词：borrow v.借来，借用2022，湖北卷，完形When he was in the hospital, Pi
14、neda began 47 music, and wondered if he might be able to record his own album(音乐专辑)47. A. writing B. lending C. selling D. praising11. letv.让词形变化：过去式let，过去分词let关联词组：let alone不用说，更不用提；let it go任它去；let go of松手放开，释放；let sb. down让某人失望let用作使役动词，表示“让，后接不带to的动词不定式：Let me have a try.让我试一试。当上述不带to的动词后面与副词连用，
15、且意思明确，往往可省略动词，只保存副词。如：let him (come) in.让他进来。常用lets do的结构来表达建议；如果是反义疑问句，通常加上shall we结尾。如：Lets go swimming together, shall we?我们一起去游泳好吗？let通常不用被动语态形式，可用be allowed代替。如：They let me leave.或They allowed me to leave. 或I was allowed to leave.我获准离开。2022，浙江卷，语法填空What we can learn _60_ the old man is this: if
16、 youve lost a lot over something that doesnt work, let it go and move on.12. liev.躺，平卧；说谎；n.谎话表示“躺，平卧，为不规那么动词。词形变化：过去式lay，过去分词lain，现在分词lying作不及物动词，不接宾语，常接副词或介词短语作状语。如：He was lying on the bed smoking a cigarette.他正躺在床上抽烟。易混单词：lie的过去式形式lay本身可作动词，表示“放，搁，是及物动词，要接宾语。试比拟：I lay on the bed and tried to rela
17、x.我躺在床上，想放松一下。lie的过去式She lays the baby on the bed.她把宝宝放到床上。lay的三单形式熟词僻义：常用lie in结构表示“位于；存在于：The town lies in a small valley.该城镇坐落于一个山谷中。The problem lies in how you see it.问题在于你如何看待它。表示“说谎，为规那么动词。词形变化：过去式lied，过分分词lied，现在分词lying作不及物动词，不直接接宾语，常用搭配有lie about sth.隐瞒；lie to sb.对撒谎；lie本身也可作名词，表示“谎话，假话：tell
18、 a lie说谎词性转换：liar n.说谎的人，骗子2022，北京卷，阅读BWe know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads.13. lightn.光，光亮；灯；adj.明亮的；轻的；浅色的；v.点火，点燃名词用法：表示“光，光亮，光线，为不可数名词：bright light明亮的光线；a beam of light一束光线表示“灯，光源，为可数名词：turn on/off the light开/关灯；traffic lights交通灯形容词用法：可表示“明亮的、“颜色浅色的，淡色
19、的，反义词均为dark：It gets light at about 5 oclock.大约5点钟天就亮了。light blue eyes浅蓝色的眼睛还可表示“重量轻的，反义词为heavy：Carry this bagits the lightest.你拿这个包它最轻。动词用法：词形变化：过去式lit，过去分词lit可表示“照亮，使明亮或“点燃，点火，常与介词up连用：There was an explosion and the whole sky lit up.一声爆炸照亮了整个天空。2022，江苏卷，单项填空7.Would you please _ the light? I cant sl
20、eep well with it on A. turn onB. turn offC. turn toD. turn around14. longadj.长的；久远的；adv.长期地，长久地；很久地关联词组：no longer (more)=not any longer (more)不再；as long as只要；和一样长作形容词时，可表示长度、距离和时间很长，可用How long提问长度：How long is the River Nile?尼罗河有多长？作副词时，常见搭配有before long很快，不久；long ago很久以前；all day/night long整日/夜；以及用How
21、 long的问句提问持续多久：How long have you been waiting? 你等了多久了？词性转换：length n.长度；时间的长短反义词：short adj.距离，长度或时间短的2022，江苏卷，单项填空2.-Please stay with me this weekend.-Im sorry, but my father and I planned _ Beijing a long time ago.A. visitB. visitingC. to visitD. visited15. losev.丧失，失去；输掉词形变化：过去式lost，过去分词lost关联词组：lo
22、se oneself迷路；沉迷；lose face丢脸；lose control失控；lose touch with与失去联系；lose weight减肥；lose interest in对失去兴趣lose表示“弄丢；失去；丧失：Ive lost my keys.我把钥匙丢了。Hes lost his job.他失业了。lose表示“输掉比赛，诉讼，辩论等，后面可接by，表示输了多少分等：we lost the game by 10 scores.我们以10分之差输掉比赛。词性转换：loser n.失败者；loss n.损失；lost adj.迷惑的；失去的：get lost迷路了反义词：wi
23、n v.赢，胜利；赢得2022，山东卷，词形转换63. Our team lost the game because we played very _ (bad).16. loudadj.大声的；adv.大声地关联词组：loud speaker扬声器，扩音器；laugh out loud大声笑作副词的loud与loudly，aloud的区别：loud=loudly，但loud一般只与动词speak，talk，laugh，sing等连用，且须放在它们之后；用于比拟级时，通常用loud，不用loudly。如：Can you speak a little louder?你能不能说的大声点？aloud
24、强调“出声，而非在心里默默地“说，通常与动词read，speak，think连用。如：He began to read the letter aloud?他开始大声念起信来。aloud还可表示“大声地而不是轻声地，通常与动词cry，laugh，shout，call等连用。如：The pain made him cry aloud.他疼得大叫起来。 反义词：quietly adv.安静地，轻声地2022，江苏卷，单项填空9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _?A. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD
25、. clearly17. lovev&n.爱，热爱，很喜欢关联词组：fall in love with爱上；be in love (with)与恋爱中；相爱；true love真爱名词用法：love指家人或好友之间的“爱，关爱，或特指情侣之间的“恋爱，爱情时，为不可数名词，通常在后面接介词for，表示“对的爱：a mothers love for her child母亲对孩子的爱love指具体的所爱之人或物时，为可数名词：He was her first love .他是她的初恋情人。动词用法：love doing sth.表示一种爱好，习惯性的、经常性的；love to do sth.表示具
26、体的、一时性的。如：I love shopping.强调我的爱好。Id love to go shopping.表示我现在愿意去。常用Id love to (do sth.)表示很想做某事：Would you like to come swimming with us?-Id love to.你想和我们一起去游泳吗？-我很愿意。词性转换：lovely adj.可爱的；令人愉快的；lover n.爱人；爱好者近义词：like v.喜欢反义词：hate v.讨厌，憎恨2022，江苏卷，单项填空6.Love your parents _ they are alive. Dont wait until
27、 it is too late.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. unless18. lowadj.&adv.低；矮 关联词组：low cost低本钱；low temperature低温；low price低价；low speed低速用法：low作形容词，表示“数量、价值或数字、温度等低的，少的，或者“高度矮的，低的；low本身可作副词，如：She pulled her hat low down over her eyes.她把帽子拉低，盖住了眼睛。反义词：high adj.高的2022年，浙江卷，阅读D39. What made the four friends p
28、lan succeed?A. That they didnt want to be artists any longer.B. That Millets pictures were sold at very high prices.C. Peoples attitude towards the artists who were starving.D. Peoples desire to own precious art works at low prices.19. luckn.运气，好运关联词组：good/bad luck好运/运气不好；try ones luck碰运气用法：常跟luck搭配的形容词有good/bad，动词有have/bring；口语中常用表达有wish sb. (good) luck或good luck (to sb.)祝某人好运。词性转换：lucky adj.幸运的，好运的；luckily adj.幸运地；unlucky adj.不幸的，倒霉的；unluckily adv.不幸地，倒霉地2022年，浙江卷，阅读AUnluckily, these body clocks do not always work according to school timetables.6