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1、Module 9 Animals in dangerUnit 3Language in use当我们要表示当我们要表示“想做某事、需要想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事做某事或决定做某事”时，就会时，就会出现出现两个动词连用的情况两个动词连用的情况，这时，这时应如何表达呢？应如何表达呢？同学们自然会想到同学们自然会想到want to do sth.,need to do sth.和和decide to do sth.等表达方式。等表达方式。主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了“to+动词原形动词原形”的结构，我们把这的结构，我们把这种种结构称为结构称为动词不定式动词不定式
2、（有时可以不带（有时可以不带to）。）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法语法功能功能。1. 什么是动词不定式？什么是动词不定式？1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。eg.It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet
3、.上网是件令人兴奋的事。上网是件令人兴奋的事。 2. 动词不定式的语法功能：动词不定式的语法功能：2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。等。Many people decide not to think about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。我想
4、去图书馆。 3. 不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面，请看下列句子：象的后面，请看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。我有很多作业要做。 Im hungry. Give me something to eat, please. 我饿了我饿了, 请给我点吃的吧。请给我点吃的吧。4. 不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意果状语等。
5、不定式作状语时，要注意不不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷的。我来北京看望我爷爷的。Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！很高兴见到你！Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了。我太累了，走不动了。5. 不定式作补语不定式作补语不定式可以作补语，如：不定式可以作补语，如：She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票。她让我去买张票。6. 不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语，如：不定式还可以
6、作表语，如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我们的任务是打扫地板。今天我们的任务是打扫地板。3. 不定式的语用功能不定式的语用功能1）表示表示“决定、计划、打算决定、计划、打算做某做某事事”，如：如：We need to help the animals live in peace.我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。Many people decide not to think about it.很多人决定不去想这件事。很多人决定不去想这件事。这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如：这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如：ho
7、pe to do sth., plan to do sth.和和want to do sth.。我们会发现，动词后面的不定。我们会发现，动词后面的不定式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果如果表示表示“决定不做某事，打算不做某事决定不做某事，打算不做某事”，就可以采用就可以采用decide not to do sth.和和plan not to do sth.结构的句型。结构的句型。这种放在动词之后的不定式，表示决定这种放在动词之后的不定式，表示决定和打算的行为和打算的行为，被称为，被称为动词宾语动词宾语。2）表示对某一行为的描述表示对某一行为的描述，如：如：It w
8、as interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知识很有趣。识很有趣。Its sad to think about all those animals in danger.想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。当我们要表示当我们要表示“做某事很重要做某事很重要”等类似等类似概概念时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个念时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个句型：句型：It is to do sth. 如：如：It is important to build a na
9、ture reserve.建立一个自然保护区建立一个自然保护区十分重要十分重要。It is good to get up early in the morning.早晨早起早晨早起有好处有好处。在这些句子中，在这些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所所指的正是不定式所表达的概念，表达的概念，it为形式主语，不定式为为形式主语，不定式为真正主语。真正主语。3）表示一个人对某件事的态度表示一个人对某件事的态度，如：，如：Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？当我们表示类似
10、于当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴见到您很高兴”之之类类的意思时，可以采用的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad to do sth.的句型。如：的句型。如：He was happy to see them again.他为再次见到他们而感到高兴。他为再次见到他们而感到高兴。4）表示某一事或物的某种属性表示某一事或物的某种属性，如：，如：Their water isnt good to drink他们的水不适宜饮用他们的水不适宜饮用当我们要表达诸如当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回这个问题很难回答答”、“这些苹果不好吃这些苹果不好吃”之类的意思之类的意思时，时，一般可以采用一般可以采用sth.
11、is +形容词形容词+ to do的结的结构。如：构。如：This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。5）计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式，式，如：如：The government has made a new plan to help pandas.政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计划。划。不定式在句中作名词的定语。不定式在句中作名词的定语。6）表示目的表示目的，如：，如：Our government is working hard to save panda
12、s. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。在英语中如果表示在英语中如果表示“做某事是为了什么做某事是为了什么”时，就可以时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为用动词不定式表示目的，称为目的状语目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如：放在句尾。如：To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning.为了赶上早班车，他早晨为了赶上早班车，他早晨5点就起床了。点就起床了。7）表示表示“可以派某种用场可以派某种用场”这类意思这类意思,如如:Many animals have no pla
13、ce to live in.许多动物没有地方生存。许多动物没有地方生存。当要表示当要表示“可以居住的房间可以居住的房间”、“可以可以食用食用的东西的东西”、“可以停车的地方可以停车的地方”等类概等类概念念时，就可以用动词不定式，在时，就可以用动词不定式，在这种句子这种句子中不定式作名词的定语中不定式作名词的定语。如：。如：There is no place to park cars in this area.这里没有可以停车的地方。这里没有可以停车的地方。8）表示某事或物怎么样表示某事或物怎么样，如：，如：The difficulty is to stop people killing the
14、m.最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。Your duty today is to send these letters out.你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。本句中不定式置于系动词后面，作表本句中不定式置于系动词后面，作表语，对主语进行补充说明语，对主语进行补充说明。课堂小测验课堂小测验Individual activity1. Would you please tell me next? A. how to do B. what to doC. what do I do D. how I should do 2. The girl
15、wasnt to lift that bookcase.A. too strongB. enough strongC. strong enough D. so strong 一、单项选择。一、单项选择。3. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea. A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to 4. As she has never been there before, Ill have someone her the way. A. show B. to show C.
16、 showing D. showed 5. You drive slowly. The roads are wet.A. had rather B. would ratherC. had better D. would better 6. Nothing can make the brave soldier _ his country.A. turn against B. to turn againstC. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.A. find B. to fin
17、d C. look D. to look for 8. When learning a foreign language, try our best the spirit of it.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It was foolish his car unlocked. A. for him to leave B. of him to leaveC. for him leave D. him to leave 10. Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.
18、A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. will put back 11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers. A. hearB. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us possible C. have
19、 made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us 13. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry . A. for leavingB. to leave C. if leaving D. to have left 14. I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _. A. to finish； helping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；help
20、ing D. finishing；being helped 15. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still . A. a good place which to be lived in B. a good place to live C. a good place t
21、o live in D. a good place to live for 17. You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you? Yes, we were and had to stop _ the way. A. asking B. to ask C. asked D. to be asked 18. She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boy friend. A. to criticize B. to have criticized C. to be
22、 criticized D. to have been criticized 19. The advertisements are trying people to buy things they dont really need. A. persuade B. persuading C. be persuading D. to persuade 20. If you were much younger, I would arrange as the general manager, for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A. fo
23、r you to work B. of you to workC. for you work D. you work 21. On our way back home, we _ lunch because we felt hungry. A. stopped to have B. stop to have C. stopped having D. stoped to have 22. I did nothing but _ my lessons last Sunday. A. go over B. to go over C. went over D. go on 23. Id prefer
24、home rather than a walk. A. to stay; to take B. stay; to take C. to stay; take D. stay; take 24. He was so foolish his car unlocked. A. to leave B. that leave C. as to leave D. for him to leave 25. Your flat needs . Do you want me it for you? A. to clean; to do B. cleaning; doing C. cleaning; to do
25、D. to be cleaned; doing 26. What the scientist said greatly encouraged us the experiment again, but his secretarys words discouraged us the experiment any more. A. to try; to do B. to try; from doing C. for trying; from doing D. trying; to do 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Do you know when _ (have
26、) a picnic?2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work _(do).3. Our teacher asked us _(be) careful when we crossed the road.4. Its easy for us _(answer) the question.to haveto doto beto answer三、汉译英。三、汉译英。1. 我们需要更好的保护它们。我们需要更好的保护它们。2. 许多动物没地方住。许多动物没地方住。3. 我们究竟能做什么？我们究竟能做什么？4. 现在有许多濒危动物。现在有许多濒危动物。We need to protect them better.Many animals have no place to live.What on earth can we do?Now therere many animals in danger.