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1、中考英语语法-被动语态掌握被动语态需要了解的知识点第一：被动语态的概念和具体适用情况第二：被动语态的结构第三：被动语态动词过去分词变化形式 （规则变化和不规则变化形式）第四：被动语态需要提前掌握各种动词时态第五：被动语态需要注意的几种特殊情况第六：不用被动语态的几种情况导入英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We planted the flower.The flower was planted by us.使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的
2、情况 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：出动作的执行者时。例如： Table tennis is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：行者时。例如： My car was stolen last night我的车昨晚被盗了。我的车昨晚被盗了。 三、中文中含有三、中文中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed
3、 to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 四、中文中含有四、中文中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 be 动词可变形式：am is are/wa
4、s were/will be /shall be /have been/has been/had been/must be and etc.We speak Chinese.主语谓语宾语Chinese is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态We cleaned the meeting room yesterday.昨天我们打扫了会议室。The meeting room was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天会议室被我们打扫了。1. 1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2
5、)以不发音e e结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加y y结尾的，去y y变i i加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone更多变化参考课本附表动词被动语态对比中文以及变化方法:被动语态结构: be + 过去分词 （ 及物动词 ）被动语态是英语动词的一种特殊形式 . 中文往往用 “ 被 ” “ 受 ” “ 给 ”等词来表
6、示被动意义 .主动语态变为被动语态的方法 :1 . 主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语 .2 . 主动句中的谓语动词变成被动句的 be + 过去分词 .3 . 主动句中的主语变成被动句 by 的宾语 , 放在谓语动词后面 . 如果不强调动作执行者时 , by 短语可省略 . Many people speak Chinese. Chinese is spoken by many people .被动语态的各种时态变化被动语态的各种时态变化 结构和例句结构和例句: :一般现在时一般现在时 am , is , are + 过去分词过去分词 Children often sing the song .
7、The song is often sung by children . .一般过去时一般过去时 was , were + 过去分词过去分词 A PLA man saved him . He was saved by a PLA man .一般将来时一般将来时 will be , shall be + 过去分词过去分词 They will take her to the hospital . She will be taken to the hospital .情态动词情态动词 + be +过去分词过去分词 We must clean the classroom every day . The
8、 classroom must be cleaned every day .时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时am/is/are +donewas/were+doneShallwill be + done情态动词+be+ done常用被动语态时态表格汇总过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时would be+ donehave/has been+ donehad been+ done现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时was/were being + doneam/is/are being+ done更多时态被
9、动变化表格拓展Change the following sentences into the Passive voice :1 . People speak English all over the world . English is spoken all over the world by people .2 . She washes her hands before lunch . Her hands are washed before lunch .3 . Do Chinese people plant trees every spring . Are trees planted by
10、 Chinese people every spring .4 . His aunt doesnt often play table tennis . Table tennis isnt often played by his aunt .1 . I borrowed this book from the library last weekend . This book was borrowed from the library last weekend .2 . The policemen caught four thieves last night . Four thieves were
11、caught by the policemen last night .3 . I didnt buy a English dictionary . An Englihs dictionary wasnt bought by me .4 . Did you bring a umbrella ? Was a umbrella brought by you ?1 . He will study English well . English will be studied well by him .2 . Will you clean your classroom ? Will your class
12、room be cleaned by you ?3 . I wont write to my grandpa this evening . My grandpa wont be written to this evening by me .4 . The nurse will take care of the children . The children will be taken care of by the nurse .1 . We must take care of the books in the library . The books must be taken care of
13、in the library .2. You may find this kind of trees everywhere . This kind of trees may be found everywhere . 3 . You cant see the stars in the daytime . The stars cant be seen in the daytime .4 . Must we hand in our compositions tomorrow ? Must our compositions be handed in tomorrow ?1 . The boy is
14、wearing a new coat . A new coat is being worn by the boy .2 . The girls are making model ships . Model ships are being made by the girls .3 . He has already done the exercises . The exercises have already been done by him .4 . My classmates have put on the play . The play has been put on by my class
15、mates.主动语态变成被动语态时要注意以下几点主动语态变成被动语态时要注意以下几点 : : 1 . 1 . 含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时 , , 可以将其中一个宾可以将其中一个宾语变为主语语变为主语 , , 另一个不动另一个不动 . . 一般把间接宾语变为主语一般把间接宾语变为主语 . . 如如 : : Mary gave me a pen . I was given a pen by Mary . 如果把直接宾语变为主语如果把直接宾语变为主语 , , 则在间接宾语前加则在间接宾语前加 “ to for” 如如 : : A pen was given to m
16、e by Mary .2 .2 .含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时 , , 将其中的宾语变将其中的宾语变为主语为主语 , , 宾补不变宾补不变 . . 如如 : : We asked him to speak at the meeting . He was asked to speak at the meeting . 3 . 3 . 如果主动句中的谓语是短语动词如果主动句中的谓语是短语动词 , , 变为被动句时变为被动句时 , , 短语短语动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉动词的介词或副词不可以丢掉 . . 如如 : : They took good care of
17、the boys . The boys were taken good care of . 4 . 4 . 在在 “ let , make , see , hear , notice , watch , feel ” 等动词等动词后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 “ to ” , , 但改成但改成被动句时应加上被动句时应加上 “ to ” . 如如 : The doctor made me stay in bed for three days . I was made to stay in bed for three days by the doctor .1
18、. He tells us a story every evening . We are told a story by him every evening . A story is told to us by him every evening .2. He bought me a new bike yesterday. I was bought a new bike yesterday. A new bike was bought for me yesterday.3 . Will he take his sister to the park ? Will his sister be ta
19、ken to the park by him ?4 . He is looking for the lost key . The lost key is being looked for by him . 5. The boss made him do the heavy work. He was made to do the homework (by the boss). 6. We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar A traffic accident _(happen) just no
20、w.happened2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候: The pen _ (write) very fast.writes This kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, dissapear, 不用被动语态的动词不用被动语态的动词：
21、1. Large numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day.2. _ our country _(send) up another man-made satellite last year? 3. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely?4. Her grandma was still alive when he _ (take) to the hospital.5. English _(speak) in many counties. are usedDidsendb
22、e spokenwas takenis spoken6. Three quarters of the worlds books _ (write) in English.8. This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.10. _ Lesson 50 _ (teach) next week?are writtensellsWillbe taught7. The pen _ (write) well.writes9.This book _ (sell) to me at the price of 5 dollars yesterday.was sold 用动词的正确形式
23、填空:1. All the students _(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Are many ways _(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3. What are on show in the museum? Some photos _(take) by American children.4. This coat _(wash) well.9. Have you found your necklace _(偷) last week?6. Im often
24、_(警告）not to copy others homework.7. He couldnt explain why dinosaurs _ (消失).8. Ill have my bike _(修理) tomorrow.5. Must the old people _(speak) to politely?10. The PRC was _(成立) on October 1, 1949.were asked triedare takenwashesbe spokenwarneddisappearedmendedrepairedstolenfoundedThank you for watchingBye-bye.