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1、名人演讲：打破沉寂仅供参考欢迎阅读我们都知道，马丁路德金是美国的民权运动领袖，他为黑人谋求平等，甚至献出了自己的生命，被誉为是“黑人的麦加”。而与此同时，马丁路德金也是一名卓越的反战斗士，他关心的不仅仅是“小我”的权利，而且还有“大我”的和平、自由。如果你一直以来只是把马丁路德金看成一个黑人运动领袖，那么下面的这篇演讲相信会让你对他有新的认识马 返隆鸬奈按笕烁裰档梦颐敲恳桓鲅鍪幼鹁础?br 本演讲发表于1967年4月4日，是马丁路德金在“忧世教士和俗人协会”的一个反越站的集会上的演讲，集会的地点是纽约著名的河边大教堂（riverside church）。我之所以跨入此间宏伟的教堂，是因为我的良
2、心让我别无选择。我加入你们的集会，则是因为我对这个聚合我们的组织“忧世教士和俗人协会”关注越南的工作和主旨非常认同。我对你们执委会最近的声明深有同感，当我阅读到它的开场白的时候就甚有共鸣：“这是一个沉默即是背叛的时刻。”i come to this magnificent house of worship tonight because my conscience leaves me no other choice. i join you in this meeting because i am in deepest agreement with the aims and work of th
3、e organization which has brought us together: clergy and laymen concerned about vietnam. the recent statements of your executive committee are the sentiments of my own heart, and i found myself in full accord when i read its opening lines: a time comes when silence is betrayal.演讲全文：a time to break s
4、ilence by martin luther king, jr.i come to this magnificent house of worship tonight because my conscience leaves me no other choice. i join you in this meeting because i am in deepest agreement with the aims and work of the organization which has brought us together: clergy and laymen concerned abo
5、ut vietnam. the recent statements of your executive committee are the sentiments of my own heart, and i found myself in full accord when i read its opening lines: a time comes when silence is betrayal. and that time has come for us in relation to vietnam.the truth of these words is beyond doubt, but
6、 the mission to which they call us is a most difficult one. even when pressed by the demands of inner truth, men do not easily assume the task of opposing their governments policy, especially in time of war. nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist
7、 thought within ones own bosom and in the surrounding world. moreover, when the issues at hand seem as perplexed as they often do in the case of this dreadful conflict, we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainty; but we must move on.and some of us who have already begun to break t
8、he silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony, but we must speak. we must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak. and we must rejoice as well, for surely this is the first time in our nations history that a
9、 significant number of its religious leaders have chosen to move beyond the prophesying of smooth patriotism to the high grounds of a firm dissent based upon the mandates of conscience and the reading of history. perhaps a new spirit is rising among us. if it is, let us trace its movements and pray
10、that our own inner being may be sensitive to its guidance, for we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us.over the past two years, as i have moved to break the betrayal of my own silences and to speak from the burnings of my own heart, as i have called for r
11、adical departures from the destruction of vietnam, many persons have questioned me about the wisdom of my path. at the heart of their concerns this query has often loomed large and loud: why are you speaking about the war, dr. king? why are you joining the voices of dissent? peace and civil rights d
12、ont mix, they say. arent you hurting the cause of your people, they ask? and when i hear them, though i often understand the source of their concern, i am nevertheless greatly saddened, for such questions mean that the inquirers have not really known me, my commitment or my calling. indeed, their qu
13、estions suggest that they do not know the world in which they live.in the light of such tragic misunderstanding, i deem it of signal importance to try to state clearly, and i trust concisely, why i believe that the path from dexter avenue baptist church - the church in montgomery, alabama, where i b
14、egan my pastorate - leads clearly to this sanctuary tonight.i come to this platform tonight to make a passionate plea to my beloved nation. this speech is not addressed to hanoi or to the national liberation front. it is not addressed to china or to russia. nor is it an attempt to overlook the ambig
15、uity of the total situation and the need for a collective solution to the tragedy of vietnam. neither is it an attempt to make north vietnam or the national liberation front paragons of virtue, nor to overlook the role they must play in the successful resolution of the problem. while they both may h
16、ave justifiable reasons to be suspicious of the good faith of the united states, life and history give eloquent testimony to the fact that conflicts are never resolved without trustful give and take on both sides.tonight, however, i wish not to speak with hanoi and the national liberation front, but
17、 rather to my fellowed sic americans, *who, with me, bear the greatest responsibility in ending a conflict that has exacted a heavy price on both continents.since i am a preacher by trade, i suppose it is not surprising that i have seven major reasons for bringing vietnam into the field of my moral
18、vision.* there is at the outset a very obvious and almost facile connection between the war in vietnam and the struggle i, and others, have been waging in america. a few years ago there was a shining moment in that struggle. it seemed as if there was a real promise of hope for the poor - both black
19、and white - through the poverty program. there were experiments, hopes, new beginnings. then came the buildup in vietnam, and i watched this program broken and eviscerated, as if it were some idle political plaything of a society gone mad on war, and i knew that america would never invest the necess
20、ary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money like some demonic destructive suction tube. so, i was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such.perhaps the more tragic recog
21、nition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. it was sending their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high proportions relative to the rest of the population. we w
22、ere taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in southeast asia which they had not found in southwest georgia and east harlem. and so we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching negro and white
23、 boys on tv screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. and so we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in chicago. i could not be silent
24、in the face of such cruel manipulation of the poor.my third reason moves to an even deeper level of awareness, for it grows out of my experience in the ghettoes of the north over the last three years - especially the last three summers. as i have walked among the desperate, rejected, and angry young
25、 men, i have told them that molotov cocktails and rifles would not solve their problems. i have tried to offer them my deepest compassion while maintaining my conviction that social change comes most meaningfully through nonviolent action. but they ask - and rightly so - what about vietnam? they ask
26、 if our own nation wasnt using massive doses of violence to solve its problems, to bring about the changes it wanted. their questions hit home, and i knew that i could never again raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the greatest
27、purveyor of violence in the world today - my own government. for the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government, for the sake of the hundreds of thousands trembling under our violence, i cannot be silent.for those who ask the question, arent you a civil rights leader? and thereby mean to ex
28、clude me from the movement for peace, i have this further answer. in 1957 when a group of us formed the southern christian leadership conference, we chose as our motto: to save the soul of america. we were convinced that we could not limit our vision to certain rights for black people, but instead a
29、ffirmed the conviction that america would never be free or saved from itself until the descendants of its slaves were loosed completely from the shackles they still wear. in a way we were agreeing with langston hughes, that black bard of harlem, who had written earlier:o, yes,i say it plain,america
30、never was america to me,and yet i swear this oath -america will be!now, it should be incandescently clear that no one who has any concern for the integrity and life of america today can ignore the present war. if americas soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must read: vietnam. it can
31、never be saved so long as it destroys the deepest hopes of men the world over. so it is that those of us who are yet determined that america will be are led down the path of protest and dissent, working for the health of our land.as if the weight of such a commitment to the life and health of americ
32、a were not enough, another burden of responsibility was placed upon me in 1954* sic; and i cannot forget that the nobel prize for peace was also a commission - a commission to work harder than i had ever worked before for the brotherhood of man. this is a calling that takes me beyond national allegi
33、ances, but even if it were not present i would yet have to live with the meaning of my commitment to the ministry of jesus christ. to me the relationship of this ministry to the making of peace is so obvious that i sometimes marvel at those who ask me why im speaking against the war. could it be tha
34、t they do not know that the good news was meant for all men - for communist and capitalist, for their children and ours, for black and for white, for revolutionary and conservative? have they forgotten that my ministry is in obedience to the one who loved his enemies so fully that he died for them?
35、what then can i say to the vietcong or to castro or to mao as a faithful minister of this one? can i threaten them with death or must i not share with them my life?and finally, as i try to explain for you and for myself the road that leads from montgomery to this place i would have offered all that
36、was most valid if i simply said that i must be true to my conviction that i share with all men the calling to be a son of the living god. beyond the calling of race or nation or creed is this vocation of sonship and brotherhood, and because i believe that the father is deeply concerned especially fo
37、r his suffering and helpless and outcast children, i come tonight to speak for them.this i believe to be the privilege and the burden of all of us who deem ourselves bound by allegiances and loyalties which are broader and deeper than nationalism and which go beyond our nations self-defined goals an
38、d positions. we are called to speak for the weak, for the voiceless, for the victims of our nation and for those it calls enemy, for no document from human hands can make these humans any less our brothers.and as i ponder the madness of vietnam and search within myself for ways to understand and res
39、pond in compassion, my mind goes constantly to the people of that peninsula. i speak now not of the soldiers of each side, not of the ideologies of the liberation front, not of the junta in saigon, but simply of the people who have been living under the curse of war for almost three continuous decad
40、es now. i think of them, too, because it is clear to me that there will be no meaningful solution there until some attempt is made to know them and hear their broken cries.they must see americans as strange liberators. the vietnamese people proclaimed their own independence *in 1954* - in 1945 *rath
41、er* - after a combined french and japanese occupation and before the communist revolution in china. they were led by ho chi minh. even though they quoted the american declaration of independence in their own document of freedom, we refused to recognize them. instead, we decided to support france in
42、its reconquest of her former colony. our government felt then that the vietnamese people were not ready for independence, and we again fell victim to the deadly western arrogance that has poisoned the international atmosphere for so long. with that tragic decision we rejected a revolutionary governm
43、ent seeking self-determination and a government that had been established not by china - for whom the vietnamese have no great love - but by clearly indigenous forces that included some communists. for the peasants this new government meant real land reform, one of the most important needs in their
44、lives.for nine years following 1945 we denied the people of vietnam the right of independence. for nine years we vigorously supported the french in their abortive effort to recolonize vietnam. before the end of the war we were meeting eighty percent of the french war costs. even before the french we
45、re defeated at dien bien phu, they began to despair of their reckless action, but we did not. we encouraged them with our huge financial and military supplies to continue the war even after they had lost the will. soon we would be paying almost the full costs of this tragic attempt at recolonization
46、.after the french were defeated, it looked as if independence and land reform would come again through the geneva agreement. but instead there came the united states, determined that ho should not unify the temporarily divided nation, and the peasants watched again as we supported one of the most vi
47、cious modern dictators, our chosen man, premier diem. the peasants watched and cringed as diem ruthlessly rooted out all opposition, supported their extortionist landlords, and refused even to discuss reunification with the north. the peasants watched as all this was presided over by united states i
48、nfluence and then by increasing numbers of united states troops who came to help quell the insurgency that diems methods had aroused. when diem was overthrown they may have been happy, but the long line of military dictators seemed to offer no real change, especially in terms of their need for land
49、and peace.the only change came from america, as we increased our troop commitments in support of governments which were singularly corrupt, inept, and without popular support. all the while the people read our leaflets and received the regular promises of peace and democracy and land reform. now they languish under our bombs and consider us, not their fellow vietnamese, the real enemy. they move sadly and apathetically as we herd them off the land of their fathers into concentration camps where minimal social needs are r