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1、初中初中语法综语法综合复习全解合复习全解 定语从句学习目标：定语从句学习目标： 能辨认由能辨认由that ,which, whothat ,which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并引导的限定性定语从句，并知道如何选用关系词。知道如何选用关系词。 定语从句定语从句是指在句中作是指在句中作定语的从句。定语的从句。先行词先行词：是：是被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词）（通常是名词或代词） 关系词的作用关系词的作用：z xx kz xx k1.1.引导引导定语从句定语从句2.2.在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，通常是主语或宾
2、中充当一定的成分，通常是主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。语，作宾语时常可以省略。 z x x k z x x k定语从句：定语从句：先行词先行词+ +关系词关系词(that/which/who)+(that/which/who)+从句从句修饰修饰先行词先行词关系词关系词指人指人that (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语)who (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) whom (作作宾语宾语)指物指物that (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) which (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语) 有时可代替有时可代替whom作宾语作宾语 Who is the girl that talke
3、d to you yesterday.Attributive clause关系词在从关系词在从句中做主语句中做主语先行词是人先行词是人 Look at the photos (that) I took on my trip. Attributive clause关系词在从句关系词在从句中作宾语中作宾语先行词是物先行词是物It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.Attributive clause关系词在从关系词在从句中作主语句中作主语先行词是物先行词是物The photo (which) we l
4、iked best was taken by Zhao Min.Attributive clause先行词是物先行词是物关系词在从句中作宾语关系词在从句中作宾语His father is the person who will be most unhappy.Attributive clause先行词是人先行词是人关系词在从句中作主语关系词在从句中作主语 Tom is the boy (who/whom) we saw in the shop.Attributive clause先行词是人先行词是人关系词在从句中作宾语关系词在从句中作宾语Ive become good friends with
5、 several of the students in my school _ I met in the English sppech contest last year. （2011湖北十堰）湖北十堰） A. who B. where C. when D. which【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是词。先行词是the students，指人，观察，指人，观察选项，应用选项，应用who引导，故选引导，故选A。I love the school _ I have studied in for three years. （2013湖南衡阳）湖南衡阳） A
6、. where B. when C. that 【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是词。先行词是the school，关系词在从句，关系词在从句中作介词中作介词in的宾语，只能选关系词的宾语，只能选关系词that，即即C。z x x kz x x k What are you looking for? Im looking for the ring _ myhusband bought me last year. (2012山东滨州山东滨州)A. that B. who C. whom D. it【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句
7、的关系词。先行词词。先行词the ring指物，观察选项只有指物，观察选项只有A是引导物的关系词，故选是引导物的关系词，故选A。 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”. (2012河南河南) A. whom B. what C. who D. which【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是先行词是those，根据句意指人，而且，根据句意指人，而且关系词在从句中作主语，符合题意的只关系词在从句中作主语，符合题意的只有选项有选项C。 What shall we do next? Take th
8、e advice _ is given by Dr. Bloch. (2012福建泉州福建泉州)A. who B. which C. whose【解析解析】由先行词由先行词the advice可知，应可知，应用引导物的关系词，选项用引导物的关系词，选项B符合。符合。 Please pass me the cartoon book _has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. (2012天津天津) A. whom B. whose C. who D. which【解析解析】考查考查which引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，分析句子结构可知本句
9、为定语从句，先行词为先行词为cartoon book，指物，所以应，指物，所以应该用关系词该用关系词which。 Its interesting that there are many people _ speak French in Canada. (2012四川成都四川成都) A. which B. where C. who 【解析解析】由先行词由先行词people可知，此题考可知，此题考查查who引导的定语从句。句意为：引导的定语从句。句意为：“在加拿大有许多人说法语，真是有在加拿大有许多人说法语，真是有趣。趣。”在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下况下t
10、hat和和which都可以通用都可以通用, , 但但在下在下列情况下列情况下, , 一般一般用用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something that you can borrow.1.1.先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等不定代词时不定代词时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.2. 先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no 等修饰时等修饰时。3. 先行词被先行词被序数
11、词或最高级序数词或最高级修饰时修饰时。This is the first book that he has read.E.g:This is the very book that belongs to him.4. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same,the last修饰时修饰时。5. 先行词为先行词为人和物的组合人和物的组合。E.g:They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.E.g: Which of the books that yo
12、u borrowed from the library is the most interesting?6. 若若主句中有疑问代词主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which, , 为了避免重复为了避免重复, , 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who, , which，而用，而用that。 Now many people smoke and get ill. So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. (2012广西玉林广西玉林) A. what B. who C. / D. that【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句
13、的关系词。先行词是先行词是something，根据规则，见到，根据规则，见到这类不定代词应用这类不定代词应用that，故选，故选D。Ive found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. (2009山东烟台山东烟台) A. where B. which C. what D. that 【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词先行词places在从句中作在从句中作visit的宾语，的宾语，且前有最高级修饰，故用关系代词且前有最
14、高级修饰，故用关系代词that。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接I. 单项选择。单项选择。1. - Do you know the girl _ is standing there? - She is my little sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2. - Could you tell me something about Zheng He? - Sure. He was a Ming Dynasty explorer _ the Chinese peop
15、le are proud of. A. which B. whose C. whom D. where 3. This is the city _ I visited 10 years ago. A. where B. / C. who D. why4. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 5. - What kind of music do you like？ - I like
16、 music _ I can sing along with. A. who B. that C. what D. why6. Im a sports fan. Im interested in everything _ is about sports. A. that B. there C. which D. where 7. We are talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 8. I hate
17、 people _ are only nice to you when they want something! A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 9. Dont forget to bring the book _ you bought last week. A. who B. when C. which D. what10. Is the girl _ you talked with just now new here? A. how B. who C. whose D. whichII. 判断下列句子中的关系词是否可以省略。判断下列句子中的关系词是否可以省
18、略。1. Hangzhou is a city which has a beautiful lake.2. The people who we met at the party were very friendly to us. 3. The house in which we live is not large. 4. The person from whom he borrowed the dictionary is Mr. Li. 5. The book that I bought yesterday is a little expensive.可以省略的有：可以省略的有：_ 2, 5.
19、 用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。填空。 1. The boy _ is playing pingpong is my classmate. 2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. This is the best novel _ I have read. 5. Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.that/whothat/whichth
20、at/whothatthat/which6. The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.7. My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students.8. All the women _ were working in that factory had a day off on Womens Day.9.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.10. He talked happily about t
21、he men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.that/whothat/whichthat/whothatthat. 根据汉语提示，补全句子。根据汉语提示，补全句子。1. The boy _ (打破玻璃的打破玻璃的) is called Mike.2. Is this the factory _ _(生产相机的生产相机的)?3. Kitty didnt wear _ _ (她昨天买的那条她昨天买的那条裙子裙子).4.(正在洗车的那个男人正在洗车的那个男人) _ _ is my uncle. that/who broke the
22、windowthat/which producesthe skirt that/which/ she bought yesterdayis washing the carThe man who/thatcameras5. The room _（吉姆住的）（吉姆住的） looks very nice.6. That is the man _（刚才偷我钱包的）（刚才偷我钱包的）.7. The woman _（住在隔壁的）（住在隔壁的） is a teacher. which/that Jim lives in who/that stole my who/that lives next doorpu
23、rse just now8. I like the music _ _（我可以随之而唱的）（我可以随之而唱的）.9. This is the doctor _ _（救了孩子的命）（救了孩子的命）.10. Who is the girl _ _（正站在树下的）（正站在树下的）. which/that I can singalong with who saved thatboys life that is standing under the tree. 用适当的关系词填空。用适当的关系词填空。(1) My grandfather is one of the best grandfathers i
24、n the world. He worked in a factory _ makes cars. He likes reading and he often buys books for me. The books _ are interesting tell me many things. For example, “Those _ have good manners will be respected”; which/that which/that who“Success will belong to those _ never say impossible ”. Now my gran
25、dpa is getting older and older and what he remembers is less and less. Sometimes he tells me the people and things _ he still remembers. I like those stories. And I love my grandpa. who that(2) The pupils _ went to Marks school wore red jackets and black trousers. The school was one of the best in t
26、he city, and had over a thousand pupils. The things _ the students liked best at school were the computer room and the dining hall, and the games _ the pupils enjoyed most were football and basketball. who which/that/which/that/Mark was the boy _ was best at football, and _ was captain of the school
27、 team. The activity _ the girls liked best was the dance class, and every year the girls gave performance _ everyone came to with their parents. The teacher _ everyone liked most was Mrs Black. who whowhich/that/which/that/ who/(3) Mike: I saw a really good cartoon on TV last night. Sally: Which car
28、toon was that? There were two on TV last night. I saw both. Mike: It was the one _ had the mouse in it. Sally: I know. There was a mouse _ only ate a special kind of cheese. which/that who/thatMike: And it had to find places _ had this cheese.Sally: Yes, it was funny. But there was a cartoon I saw last week _ was much funnier.Mike: What was it called?Sally: It was called The mouse _ loved cats. that which/that who/that