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1、解读陕西省2014年中考说明（英语部分）陕西省教育科学研究所张雪莲一、制定中考说明的依据（一）课程标准（实验稿）五级标准要求（二）往年的考试结果和我省教学实际二、制定中考说明的思路三、说明的框架四、题型的调整五、对2014年中考命题的思考六、复习备考教学建议一、制定说明的依据（一）课程标准（实验稿）五级标准要求 说明的制定主要依据课程标准（实验稿）五级标准要求，参考课程标准（2011年版）。1. 语言知识-语音、语法、词汇、功能意念和话题项目语音：语音知识的考查通过听力测试来实施。课程标准（2011年版）-根据重音和语调的变化理解和表达不同的意图和态度；根据读音拼写单词和短语。课程标准（实验稿
2、）-了解英语语音包括发音、重音、连读、语调、节奏等内容；根据读音拼写单词和短语。词汇：了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式； 理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义； 运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征，说明概念等； 学会使用1600个左右的单词和200300个习惯用语或固定搭配。语法：在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能； 理解和掌握描述人和物的表达方式； 理解和掌握描述具体事件和具体行为的发生、发展过程的表达方式； 初步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达式； 理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式。功能意念： 在日常生活中恰当理解和表达问候、告别、感谢、介绍等交际功能；
3、在日常人际交往中有效地进行表达。话题： 熟悉与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关的话题； 熟悉有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等方面的话题。2. 语言能力-听、说、读、写等基本技能听：能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； 能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点； 能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意； 能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系； 能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应； 能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。说：能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的 观点和意见，参与讨论； 能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务； 能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正； 能有效地询问信息和请求帮助
4、； 能根据话题进行情景对话； 能用英语表演短剧； 能在以上口语活动中做到语音、语调自 然，语气恰当。读：能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；能利用字典等工具书进行学习； 课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。写：能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材；能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改；能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；能简单描述人物或事件；能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。（二）往年的考试结果和
5、我省教学实际1. 试题中的容易题和难题以部分市考试结果为例：市A：全卷均分57.6；难度系数：0.48I卷（试题满分为65分），平均分为35.38分，最高分65分，最低分0分。难度系数为0.54。部分学生的答题技巧有待提高，听力只有A、B、C三个答案，但有学生还答D。阅读41-45小题只有A、B两个答案，但有学生答C、D答案。得分情况：听力题得分率较高的是：第9题-82%，第2题-72%，第7题-72%；得分率较低的是：18、19题，35%和33%，第9题（82%），9.W: What terrible weather! Its raining again! Icant go out and
6、play basketball.M: Dont worry. It is going to be sunny soon. Q: Whats the weather like now? A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.第2题（得分率72%）2. I hope you will do a good job.A. Not at all. B. Thank you. C. Thats right.第7题（得分率72%） W: Excuse me! This shirt isnt the size I want. I want M, but it is L. Would yo
7、u please change it for me? M: Of course. Q: What size does the woman want? A. Size L. B. Size M. C. Size S.第18、19题：18. The bell that the visitors see now _ that the old yard had. A. is the same one B. is different from the one C. doesnt sound like the one（短语、定从）19. The bell is called the sunset bell
8、 because _ when the sun goes down every evening. A. it stops B. it starts to move C. it sounds单选题得分率：最高66.5%；最低44%。完形填空题得分率：最高66%；最低40.5%。阅读理解题得分率：最高72.5%；最低37.5%。第48题：（得分率37.5%）48. Felix started a club _.A. to become famousB. to become a child actorC. to protect the environment with other childrenD
9、. to make friends with the children around the world第54题：（得分率39%）54. From the passage we know people need newly produced atlases because _.A. they cant see the old ones clearly B. they like to buy different onesC. something has changed D. something is missing市B全卷均分：62.807II卷市C 卷的难度系数为0.39。句子难度系数为0.3
10、2，短文填空难度系数为0.33，任务型阅读难度系数为0.38，补全对话题难度系数为0.46，书面表达题难度系数为0.47。市D听力题16-20的得分率分别为：0.99,0.93,0.99,1,0.9846-55题的得分率在0.69到0.76之间，大部分为：0.74-0.75（1）完成句子此题考查学生准确运用所学语言知识完成句子的能力。要求用单词或短语完成。此题难度不大。出错的情况为：quiet,traditional以及decide的拼写错误极为严重。in a bus,on a bus,in buses,on buses.是58题的可做答案。但同学们对泛指这一概念在做题中错误还是很多。60题，
11、better at 考生犯语法错误的颇多。（2） 短文填空在62题，67题，以及68题的错中发现考生在做此题时不能通观全篇，语法上也掌握得不够扎实。从而此题切实的考查了学生的英语综合能力。（62. poor 67. his 68. thanked）市E 平均分：55.86第1题得分率为：0.86，第22题为：0.35，第,32题为：0.34，第,37题为：0.31，第,39题为：0.35，第,49题为：0.29，第55题为：0.25。22. When you_ at a restaurant, please order just enough food.A. ate B. will eat C
12、. eat D. have eatenIt was very 31 for her to communicate in this new environment, which was very different from 32 of her own country. 32. A. these B. those C. this D. thatWanting to join in the 37, another child went up to Jenny and started singing the rhythm. Then more children joined. 37. A. club
13、 B. talk C. fun D. danceLeelas 39 on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart:39. A. hands B. eyes C. influence D. question49. The underlined word “intersection” here probably means “_”. A. road B. bridge C. crossing D. traffic55. According to the passage, people can find the information ab
14、out _ in a travel atlas of Shaanxi. A. the population of Shaanxi B. the local products in Shaanxi C. the Yellow Stone National Park D. Xian Jiaotong University2.考试结果简析二、制定说明的思路中考说明的宗旨：引领复习教学，使之方向正确、难易适当、覆盖面广泛；为复习教学提供一定量的题型示例，促使师生复习角度广泛、了解设题方式、熟知相关术语等；为师生准备适量的复习材料，增强复习的针对性。（一）体现课标要求说明的制定遵照课标五级标准的要求，根
15、据我省教育教学实际，虽然没有复现课标中相关“目标”条目，但都给予了说明。题型示例也都体现了课标的要求。（二）知识覆盖面广三套题型示例，基本上涵盖了课标五级标准中的语言知识范畴，语法、功能意念和话题项目比较全面，有助于师生举一反三，触类旁通，提高复习的针对性。1. 功能意念话题项目三套题例所涉及的功能意念项目约45项，均属于标准要求掌握的范畴，且都是日常人际交往中与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关的话题；和有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等方面的话题。2.词汇说明里共收集了1560个单词，这些词汇的掌握一方面有助于听说读写能力的形成，另一方面能有效应答各项与词汇有关的试题。对于词汇运用
16、的考查主要体现在单选、句子、填空和写作中。3. 语法项目说明中共罗列了14项大的语法项目，题型示例中涵盖了大部分内容，但没有达到面面俱到，只起到了一个示例的作用，学生学习时应该全面学习说明中的每一项语法知识，了解其结构、功能和意义。（三）能力考查角度多样说明中的三套题例涵盖了多角度命题思路，有益于启迪学生思维，开拓学生视野，有利于学生了解命题角度、设问方式、干扰设置、试题布点等。1. 同一项目的不同侧重点2. 各种题型的设题角度示例各题型比较全面地呈现了常见的设题方式。以听力理解题为例：细节信息、观点、判断等。 听力理解测试题“测试考生理解口头英语的能力”。要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题
17、的简短独白和对话。考生应能：1）理解主旨要义 要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的 把握和全面的领会。2）获取事实性的具体信息 要求考生听清、听懂事实信息，精确理解具体细节、特殊信息。3）对所听内容做出简单推断 要求考生推断对话地点、背景和 对话者之间关系。4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 要求考生能依据所听到的内容 揣摩、 推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等。试卷中考点常见设计形式:1）做什么（What）？2）怎么做（How）？3）谁在做（Who）？4）哪里（Where）？ 5）何时（When）？6）为什么（Why）？7）结果如何（What）？又如：书面表达：说明中的三篇示例： 感动中国，感动自己的
18、人The person who moved me； 节约Learn to same food； 中国梦，自己的梦想：My dream)（四）涵盖常用命题词汇（五）题材体裁新颖广泛（六）难度接近中考 我省中考命题的难度始终追求0.65的难度系数，易难比例尽量以4：3：2：1为标准。三、说明的框架说明中英语学科由八个部分构成，其中，第I至第IV部分是文字说明部分，第V部分为词汇表，包含约1560个单词，要求学生熟知其音、形、义，并能熟练运用这些词汇。第VI部分为语法项目表，包括了所有中考范围，共14项。第VII部分为题例部分，分第I卷、第II卷和附件：听力文稿，第VIII部分为参考答案。五、对20
19、14年中考命题的思考2014年中考命题将继续坚持以下原则：重视基础 强调能力 全面考查 体现差异 科学规范六、复习备考教学建议历史不能选择，现在可以把握，未来可以开创（习近平）（一）词汇复习1.集中复习 夯实基础比如：heavy adj.初中学生生活中常见的意思有，having great weight/ difficult to lift or move; more than the usual size, amount, or force; busy; falling with force等；adv. heavilyOne day, it was raining _. I was walk
20、ing on the street with a _ bag in one hand and an unbrella in the other, when suddenly a man, who was drunk, came up to me and asked to walk under my umbrella. I got surprised at first, but then I allowed him to. However, he was too _ to keep away from the rain. His other half of body was in fact be
21、yond the umbrella. He was angry and suddenly pushed me _ out into the rain, with the words, “Dont stand under my umbrella. Go away!” I stood there, angry, but with nothing to say. What a heavily drunk man! What _ rain!color 说明中，color 既注了n. 又注了v. ,常见的意思有：颜色，彩色，给.着色(自然知识表达)How many _ do you know in na
22、ture? What are they? How many basic _? How do other _ come about? For example, how does black come? You can see black when all the _ go together. What _ go together to make green? Blue and yellow makes the _, green. What _ will you have if you put red and blue together? You will have pink. Now can y
23、ou have a try to _ this picture. You can make a _ wall, a _ TV, or a _ box. Anything, as you like. write v. writer I want to be a _ when I grow up. So I keep reading books and _ down the things I think good. Every day, I _ a diary to help remember what I often do. I often _ down the things I am inte
24、rested in. Sometimes, I _short stories that take place around me. Last week, I _a wonderful story and sent it to my school paper. vIt was liked by many students. Now I am _ another story about my good friend and me. Up to now, I have _ more than thirty articles and stories. I will write more and bec
25、ome a _ in the future. 2. 反复复习 增强记忆例1：单词群组：yellow, wrong, voice, visit, umbrella, touch, start，rain It was a cool autumn morning. The ground was covered with yellow leaves and it was raining. The wind was blowing. However, we had to go out that day. We had decided to visit the sciece museum. So I to
26、ok an umbrella with me. When we got to the museum, I found that we were coming to a wrong entrance. One of my classmates saw us and called us in a loud voice, “Hi, this way please.” Then we started to go and join them. Soon we were inside the science museum. How wonderful it was. Everything there wa
27、s fantastic. A huge stone dinosaur caught my eye. I was excited and touched it. It gave out a loud cry and shook its head. I was frightened at first and then we all laughed and felt happy.例2：单词群组： protect, peace, joke, offer, night, member, late, jobHere I want to tell you a joke about my aunts son.
28、 He is 4 years old. One afternoon, he was playing peacefully in the yard behind their house. Their dog, Robe, was with him. Suddenly a mouse appeared in front of him. He was frightened and cried. Robe ran after the mouse and the mouse ran away. He thanked the dog and offered it his cake. But later a
29、t night, the boy felt hungry and remembered that Robe ate his cake. He went to Robe and said, “Give me back my cake. Youre a member of our family. Your job is protecting me. You have your own food. Why eat my cake. Give me back my cake.”3. 类比复习 拓展巩固例1：动词 act, beat, call, decide, eat, feed, give, han
30、dAn after-school activityOne Friday afternoon, some of my classmates and I decided to do something funny to relax ourselves. Each of us had to write down a funny thing for us all to do. The funnier, the better. When we handed in our plans, we read them together. Quite a few of them were so funny tha
31、t we laughed and laughed while we were reading. After reading, we started to act as planned, though some of them were not so good. First, each of us wrote a note to a girl in other classes. We asked the girls what they would like to eat if we invited them to have dinner. We gave the note to the girl
32、s secretly and waited what would happen. As a result, later that day, four of the girls called and told us that we should never do that again. Only one girl thanked the boy and said she would like to make friends with him. Next, we beat a box and passed on a note. The boy who got the note must tell
33、a joke or sing a song for us. We did some other things later. We were very happy and relaxed. Finally, we went to the school dinning room, and fed us with a big meal. After that, we began our night study. 动词群组（例）：add, build, care, dance, end, feel, get, hate例2： 名词idea, journey, knife, law, machine,
34、nature, objectinvention, juice, kichen, lesson, medicine, newspaper, office例3：词组look for，look after，look at，look over，look up，look down，look out，look in等。turn down, turn up, turn on, turn off, turn out, turn in, turn back等. take down, take off, take out, take in.（二）语法和功能意念话题复习一）简要梳理，查漏补缺 二）话题带动，按需而学（三）保证输入量听读（四）落实语用说写（五）复习状态调整 谢 谢！