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1、专专题题导导读读典典例例导导练练新新题题预预测测返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：文体。其语言特点有：(1)(1)多用现在时态。说明文通常是对客观多用现在时态。说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。(2)(2)采用客观描述。说明文一般采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的事物进行的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述
2、也是对客观存在的事物进行的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主、谓、宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然确定句子的主、谓、宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示来确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。示或明示来确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。 返回目录返回目录专专题题导导读读返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说
3、明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空典典例例导导练练2015湖南卷改编湖南卷改编 When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string.“1. _the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪变瘪) 2. _ 24 hours，” says Tim Jahnigen, a Califor
4、nia businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 3. _ created an indestructible ball 4._(call) the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 5. _ special material, ethylenevinyl acetate foam. Its lightweight, its flexible, andmost6. _ (importance)it holds its shape.返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空典典例例导导练
5、练 The One World Futbol needs no pump 7. _ wont wear out, even on rough surfaces.When tested, 8. _withstood (经受住经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion. Although it costs 9._(much) to produce than a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen 10. _(estimate) the One World Futbol can last 30
6、 years.So far, its been given to kids in 143 countries. 返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空典典例例导导练练【要点综述】由于真正的足球容易变形损坏，所以【要点综述】由于真正的足球容易变形损坏，所以Tim Jahnigen发明了一种耐用的新式足球。发明了一种耐用的新式足球。1Because考查连词的用法。句意：因为用来踢足考查连词的用法。句意：因为用来踢足球的场地常常崎岖不平且有很多岩石，所以大多数足球的场地常常崎岖不平且有很多岩石，所以大多数足球很容易变瘪。球很容易变瘪。because引导原因状语从句。引导原因状语
7、从句。2within考查介词的用法。由下文的考查介词的用法。由下文的solve this problem可知足球变瘪是很容易的，也就是时间很短，可知足球变瘪是很容易的，也就是时间很短，在在24小时小时“以内以内”。3he考查人称代词的用法。句子缺少主语，考查人称代词的用法。句子缺少主语，he指代指代上文中提到的上文中提到的Tim Jahnigen。4Called返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空典典例例导导练练5a考查冠词的用法。名词考查冠词的用法。名词material在此是可数的。在此是可数的。这种足球是由一种特殊的材料制成的。这种足球是由一种特殊的材料制成的。6I
8、mportant7and考查并列连词的用法。连接两个并列的否定考查并列连词的用法。连接两个并列的否定词组词组needs no pump和和wont wear out，意为，意为“不用打不用打气，也不会磨损气，也不会磨损”。8it考查指示代词的用法。本句缺少主语，而且该考查指示代词的用法。本句缺少主语，而且该主语与主语与test构成逻辑上的被动关系，可见它指代的是上构成逻辑上的被动关系，可见它指代的是上文中的文中的The One World Futbol。9More10estimates返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空新新题题预预测测What would you do
9、 if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.1._， the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick 2._ your goal.On your way to success, you must keep your 3. _(direct)It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and 4._ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.5._， you will ea
10、sily get 6. _(lose) or hesitate to go ahead.Directions mean objectives.You can get nowhere 7._ an objective in life.返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空新新题题预预测测You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve 8._Only in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spen
11、d your time 9._(proper)And you should also have a belief 10._ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空新新题题预预测测【要点综述】【要点综述】 本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。法就是坚持你的方向和目标。1However此句与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有此句与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，所以用副词标点，所以
12、用副词however。2tostick to意为意为“坚持坚持”。3Direction4helping与与guiding并列，一起补充说明并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。故用现在分词。5Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示表示“否则否则”的的otherwise。返回目录返回目录专题六专题六说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空新新题题预预测测6Lost7without句意：人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。句意：人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。8itit指代指代your objective。9properly修饰动词修饰动词spend，作状语
13、，用副词。，作状语，用副词。10that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，引导同位语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，且意义完整，故填且意义完整，故填that。返回目录返回目录备用习题备用习题(一一)The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone 1._ (need) it. Some people use the air
14、to sustain them while 2._(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves. 3._ breathe the air and use the energy it provides to make 4._ magnificent life. Opportunity is 5._ the same way, and it is everywhere. It is 6._ freely available that we take it for granted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to
15、 create success; it must返回目录返回目录备用习题备用习题7._ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work thats 8._ (possible). Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed. It
16、takes more than just breathing the fresh air of opportunity, 9._. You must make use of it. Thats not up to the opportunity; thats up to you. It doesnt matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but 10._ matters is what you do with it.返回目录返回目录解析解析1. needs考查主谓一致，考查主谓一致， everyone作主语，谓语用第作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式
17、。三人称单数形式。2. seated考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语，考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语， 相当相当于于“while they are seated”。3. Others考查不定代词。句型：考查不定代词。句型：someothers。 4. a考查冠词。一种奇妙的生活。考查冠词。一种奇妙的生活。5. in考查介词。考查介词。inway以以的方式，为固定搭配。的方式，为固定搭配。6. so考查连词。句型：考查连词。句型：sothat。7. be seized考查动词的语态。依据上下文的理解，考查动词的语态。依据上下文的理解， “有机遇必须抓住，有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功。你才能成功。”
18、 备用习题备用习题返回目录返回目录8. impossible考查形容词。依据上下文和构词法，考查形容词。依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为此处应为“不可能不可能”， 故用故用impossible。9. however/though考查副词。插入语，考查副词。插入语， 意为意为“然然而而”。10. what考查主语从句引导词。考查主语从句引导词。what引导主语从句并引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。在从句中作主语。备用习题备用习题返回目录返回目录备用习题备用习题(二二)Thirtytwo people watched Kitty Genovese 1._ (kill) right below thei
19、r windows. She was 2._ neighbour. Yet 3._ of the 32 helped her. No one even called the police.John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons 4._ people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 5._ he can help. First, he has to notice that it
20、is 6._ emergency(紧急情况紧急情况). Is the smoke coming into the room 7._ a leak in the air conditioner? 返回目录返回目录备用习题备用习题Is it from steam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you 8._(face)with a real emergency. Second, and more importantly, the person who is facing an eme
21、rgency must feel personally 9._ (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10._ the person wont get the help he needs.返回目录返回目录【要点综述要点综述】 John Barley和和Bib Fatane对人们见死不对人们见死不救的原因研究后，发现人们出手帮助前会思考两个步救的原因研究后，发现人们出手帮助前会思考两个步骤：一是确实出现紧急情况；二是出现上述情况是自骤：一是确实出现紧急情况；二是出现上述情况是自己的责任且自己是唯一能够给予帮助的人。己的责任且自己是唯一
22、能够给予帮助的人。1. being killed因因Kitty Genovese与与kill是被动关系，是被动关系，可知应填可知应填killed或或being killed；由后文看到她被杀而没；由后文看到她被杀而没人帮助可知，应当是指她在被杀的过程中没人去帮助，人帮助可知，应当是指她在被杀的过程中没人去帮助，因此用因此用being killed更好。更好。2. their指指Kitty Genovese是看到她被打的那是看到她被打的那32个人的个人的邻居。邻居。3. none由由yet和后面的和后面的“No one even called the police.”可知，可知，32人中人中“没
23、有一个人没有一个人”帮助她。帮助她。 备用习题备用习题返回目录返回目录4. why引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰reasons。5. before两分句之间必定是填连词。两分句之间必定是填连词。“经历两个步经历两个步骤骤”应发生在应发生在“提供帮助提供帮助”之前，即先思考再行动。之前，即先思考再行动。6. an单数可数名词前填限定词，含单数可数名词前填限定词，含“一种一种”之意，之意，用不定冠词用不定冠词an。7. from“烟进房间烟进房间”应当是应当是“来自来自”空调漏洞。空调漏洞。8. are faced固定词组，表固定词组，表“面对面对”。9. responsiblefeel作作“感到感到”讲是系动词，后面应当讲是系动词，后面应当用形容词作表语。用形容词作表语。10. or因前后两分句之间缺连词，故应当填连词；根因前后两分句之间缺连词，故应当填连词；根据两分句间的意思应填表据两分句间的意思应填表“否则否则”的的or。备用习题备用习题