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1、中考复习专题指导中考复习专题指导1.“完形填空完形填空”题方法解析题方法解析 2.“书面表达书面表达”解题指导。解题指导。 平罗县第四中学平罗县第四中学 高文霞高文霞 I. 1.“完形填空完形填空”题方法解析题方法解析 例题例题(1) Someone says : “Time is money .” But I think time is _1_ important than money . Why ? Because when money is spent , we can get it back . However , when time is _2_ , itll never _3_ .
2、 That is _4_ we mustnt waste (浪费)time . It goes without saying that the _5_ is usually limited(有限的) . Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do _6_ useful . But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time . They spent their limi
3、ted time smoking , drinking and _7_ . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own _8_ . In a word , we should save time . We shouldnt _9_ todays work for tomorrow . Remember we have no time to _10_ 1. A.much B.less C.much less D.even more2. A.cost B.bought C.gone D.bring3. A.r
4、eturn B.carry C.take D.bring4. A.what B.that C.because D.why5. A.money B.time C.day D.food6. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything7. A.reading B.writing C.playing D.working8. A.time B.food C.money D.life9. A.stop B.leave C.let D.give10. A.lose B.save C.spend D.take II. “完形填空完形填空”命题与备考命题与备考1
5、1. .完形填空题完形填空题立足语篇语篇,要求学生从,要求学生从全文全文的整体角度的整体角度去分析、归纳、猜测,考查去分析、归纳、猜测,考查学生的学生的思维能力。2.2.注重短语、句型、习惯用语、动词时态、语态的构成、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等语义辨析和语义理解能力的考查。 III. 完形填空试题的选文特点选文特点1.多数试题在选材时考虑多数试题在选材时考虑材料的教育性、趣材料的教育性、趣味性或实用性味性或实用性。2.完形填空命题的短文绝大多数是完形填空命题的短文绝大多数是以叙事性以叙事性为主的记叙文为主的记叙文。例如:。例如:幽默故事、名人轶幽默故事、名人轶事、社会热点问题、科普知识等
6、。事、社会热点问题、科普知识等。3.许多文章或体现了人世间的许多文章或体现了人世间的亲情、友情,亲情、友情, 或渗透或渗透着爱心、友善、真诚与关怀,着爱心、友善、真诚与关怀, 或或饱含人生哲理饱含人生哲理,催人奋进、给人自信,催人奋进、给人自信,读后令人感动,使人深受启发。读后令人感动,使人深受启发。 例如:例如: 富含哲理富含哲理例如:例如:07年年四川成都四川成都完完形填空考题中形填空考题中:通过拟人化的手通过拟人化的手法法钥匙了解锁的心钥匙了解锁的心,所以能顺,所以能顺利打开锁。用来利打开锁。用来比喻人与人之间的比喻人与人之间的交往要彼此了解交往要彼此了解,具有具有哲理性哲理性。 这篇短
7、文这篇短文比喻恰当,通俗易懂,比喻恰当,通俗易懂,适适合学生的水平和生活实际。合学生的水平和生活实际。 IV. 完形填空解题指导 1.通览全文,了解大意通览全文,了解大意。答题时,应先答题时,应先细读首句,细读首句,越过空挡通读全文,整体理解大意,找出信息词。越过空挡通读全文,整体理解大意,找出信息词。 2.综合考虑,先易后难综合考虑,先易后难。通读全文后,可以根据全通读全文后,可以根据全文大意,展开文大意,展开逻辑思维逻辑思维,分析这一空格处在句中的分析这一空格处在句中的位置、前后的关系和它所起的作用位置、前后的关系和它所起的作用,确定最佳答案;,确定最佳答案;第一遍做出三分之一,先确定有把
8、握的答案。第二第一遍做出三分之一,先确定有把握的答案。第二遍逐个解决时,注意遍逐个解决时,注意后线索后线索的现象。的现象。 3.复读检验,消除疏漏复读检验,消除疏漏。答案不仅要在原句中合理,答案不仅要在原句中合理,在全文中也要合理。看看这时的短文在全文中也要合理。看看这时的短文行文是否流畅、行文是否流畅、意义是否连贯、逻辑关系是否合理意义是否连贯、逻辑关系是否合理。完形填空完形填空例题例题(2) We can see walls everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall of China is _1_ of all . The Chinese _2
9、_ it “The Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall .” It is in fact more than 6,000 kilometres long . It was really very difficult to build such a great wall _3_ any modern machines many centuries ago . They _4_ do all the work by hand . It _5_ millions of men hundreds of years to build it . The Great Wall _6_ a
10、history of over two thousand years . The men began to build the first part of it about 2,700 years _7_ . Then Qin Shi Huang made the men join all the walls together . He thought that could _8_ the invaders from coming into the country . Today the Great Wall _9_ a place of interest . _10_ the Chinese
11、 people and the people all over the world come to visit it .1. A. the longest B. the nicest C. the highest D. the best2. A. say B. ask C. shout D. call3. A. no B. not C. without D. nor4.A.must to B. had to C. have to D. wanted to5. A. spent B. cost C. took D. used6. A. had B. have C. has D. having7.
12、 A. ago B. before C. after D. later8. A. fight B. against C. stop D. beat9. A. becomes B. has become C. became D. is becoming10. A. Both B. Only C. All D. Every2.“书面表达书面表达”解题指导。解题指导。 “书面表达书面表达”命题与备考命题与备考 书面表达命题趋势书面表达命题趋势:1.题材:题材:贴近学生生活贴近学生生活,体现人文关怀。意义体现人文关怀。意义具有一定的教育性。具有一定的教育性。学生有感而发。学生有感而发。2.2.素材:素
13、材:是学生经历过或可能经历到的,便于学生写出真情实感。写出真情实感。 3.题型:题型:如如日记、书信、邮件、图表、通知、日记、书信、邮件、图表、通知、看图写话看图写话等老题材还继续沿用。等老题材还继续沿用。II. 书面表达考查的要点考查的要点1.能否根据提示要求运用所学能否根据提示要求运用所学词组、句型写出易写出易懂的短文懂的短文。2.短文结构是否有层次、有条理、能否短文结构是否有层次、有条理、能否清楚表清楚表达自己的意思达自己的意思。3.是否能较为是否能较为准确地运用准确地运用语法、语法、词汇, 拼写、拼写、标点标点基本正确。基本正确。4.是否能使用简单语句之间的是否能使用简单语句之间的连接
14、成分连接成分,使全文使全文内容连贯内容连贯。III.书面表达中常用的衔接性词语1表示表示时间时间顺序:顺序:first, then, later2. 表示表示空间空间顺序:顺序:near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side3.表示表示转折转折关系关系:but, yet, however 4.表示表示因果因果关系:关系:so, because, for, therefore, thus5.表示表示目的目的: in order to(that), so as to, so that6.表示表示列举列举:for exam
15、ple, such as7.表示表示总结总结性:性:in all, in a word, in short IV. IV. 书面表达的书面表达的应对方法应对方法 把握好命题,从容去面对把握好命题,从容去面对 1. 1. 体裁与形式体裁与形式 2.2. 对考生的要求对考生的要求 体裁:体裁: 一般包括记叙文、说明文、和应用文一般包括记叙文、说明文、和应用文 (1) 言之有物言之有物,切中题意,不漏要点;,切中题意,不漏要点; (2) 语言准确多样语言准确多样、繁简得当;、繁简得当; (3) 格式正确格式正确,运用得体;,运用得体; (4) 逻辑清楚逻辑清楚,体现整体性。,体现整体性。形式:形式:
16、(1)提供内容和情景的提示、提供内容和情景的提示、提纲短文提纲短文 (2)图表和汉语提示相结合的)图表和汉语提示相结合的图表作文图表作文 (3)图画和汉语提示相结合的)图画和汉语提示相结合的图画作文图画作文1 1、认真审清题目,切实把握要点、认真审清题目,切实把握要点成竹已在胸,动笔方是时成竹已在胸,动笔方是时 例如,请例如,请你你根据表格所给内容,根据表格所给内容,以以Advantages and disadvantages of owning a carAdvantages and disadvantages of owning a car 为题,为题,用英语写一篇用英语写一篇808010
17、0100字左右的短文。字左右的短文。虽存在问题但利大于弊问题终会解决 你的观点你的观点 1)所占空间大2)容易发生交通事故3)污染环境弊弊1)提供方便的交通)提供方便的交通2)舒适)舒适3)表示事业上的成功表示事业上的成功利利人称人称:第一人称:第一人称题目题目:advantages and disadvantages of owning a caradvantages and disadvantages of owning a car文体文体:说明问题并阐明观点:说明问题并阐明观点 字数:字数:80-80-100100字左右字左右要点要点:利、弊各三点,自己的观点:利、弊各三点,自己的观点2
18、.2.审清审清时态和人称时态和人称,组织,组织要点要点语言语言 1)the most convenient form of transportationAdvantages: 2)comfortable 3)success in career Disadvantages:1)takes up too much space 2)traffic accidents 3)pollute the environment opinion: the advantages are greater than the disadvantages时态时态:一般现在时:一般现在时 人称人称:第一人称:第一人称主题主
19、题:advantages and disadvantages of owning a caradvantages and disadvantages of owning a car结构结构:三段式(利、弊、个人观点):三段式(利、弊、个人观点) there are some disadvantages of owning a car. cars take up too much space. a driver should be careful while driving, or traffic accidents are likely to happen. cars give off poi
20、sonous gases which pollute the environment seriously. There are some advantages of owning a car . cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation. it is comfortable for people to travel in . owning a car can show a persons success in his career.3. 3. 美化语言,提高文章质量美化语言,提高文章质量 I thin
21、k the advantages are greater than the disadvantages. Im sure the problems will be settled in the future.Advantages and disadvantages of owning a carAdvantages and disadvantages of owning a car With the development of modern society,more and more people can afford a car.First ,Third,On the one hand,O
22、n the other hand ,Second ,Whats more,However,Despite all the disadvantages,still II. 书面表达书面表达 备考策略备考策略 1.掌握、积累一定的句型、习惯用法掌握、积累一定的句型、习惯用法等(强化正确等(强化正确意识)意识); 2.掌握各种写作要求,积累一定的范文掌握各种写作要求,积累一定的范文(书信、日记、经历、活动、介绍,书信、日记、经历、活动、介绍, 即:即:记事记事、记人、记人、叙述活动等)叙述活动等); 3.加强词、句、文训练加强词、句、文训练(保证用词准确,不受汉语(保证用词准确,不受汉语干扰)干扰)
23、; 4.加强审题谋篇能力的训练加强审题谋篇能力的训练; 5.鼓励创造性使用语言,恰当发挥,提高写作档次鼓励创造性使用语言,恰当发挥,提高写作档次.作文:作文:1.Protecting the environment2. Saving our world or Saving the earthNatural disasters DesertificationPollutionEndangered animals写 人 描写人物时,要生动具体,例如:1)外表特征:tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2)服饰颜色:red,
24、 yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3)内心境界:glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4)感情描写:love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5)动作描写:come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。写写人人Imgladtointroducemyselftoyou.Iminterestedindrawing.IwanttobeabiologistwhenIgrowup.Sheisag
25、irloftwelveyearsold.Sheistallandslimwithbigeyesandcurlyhair.书面表达中的常用连词与句式书面表达中的常用连词与句式记事记事IvisitedXianZoowithmyclassmates.Herodehisbiketoschoolveryfast.Onthewaywesawcrossingthestreet.Suddenlyacarpassedbyveryfast.Afterwefinishedourwork,wewereveryhappy.Whenwewantedtogohome,itstartedraining书面表达中的常用连词与句
26、式书面表达中的常用连词与句式介绍某地介绍某地MountainHuashanliesintheeastofShaanxi.Ittakesyouabouttogettherebybus.Thewinterhereislonganditsometimessnows.Oneofthemostfamousfoodhereis“Yangroupao”.Itsreallyaniceplacetovisit书面表达中的常用连词与句式书面表达中的常用连词与句式中考书面表达常见错误分析中考书面表达常见错误分析1.审题不清审题不清2.拼写错误拼写错误 3.名词单复数问题:名词单复数问题: 4.缺少动词缺少动词5.缺
27、少介词、冠缺少介词、冠词等词等 6.代词的误用代词的误用7.句子不完整句子不完整 8.前后不一致前后不一致 所谓不一致,包括数、时态、代词、主谓不一致等。9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误时态、人称和数的搭配错误10.综合性错误:综合性错误: 例如: 单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等, 形容词和副词的混淆 连词的误用等等。完形填空题判断的依据因果线索因果线索(答案B) He was badly ill, so he was _ A. present B. absent转折线索转折线索(答案A) He was badly ill, however, he was _. A. present B. absent让步线索让步线索(答案A) He didnt _the test, though he worked hard. A. pass B. fail完形填空题判断的依据顺序线索顺序线索(答案B) After he wrote the letter, she_it and then _it. A. posted; signed B. signed;posted反义词线索反义词线索(答案A) He used to be lazy. But now he is quite _. A. hardworking B. handsome