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1、The Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句东兴初中东兴初中 肖守兰肖守兰The object clause宾语从句宾语从句定义：定义：复合句中，复合句中，放在动词或放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾叫宾语从句。语从句。 一、一、引导词引导词 二、二、语序语序 三三 、时态时态 宾语从句知识及运用宾语从句知识及运用 四四 、其他注意问题其他注意问题 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：（看从句）（看从句）从句是陈述从句是陈述 句句 ( 无实际意义，可省略）无实际意义，可省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句从
2、句是特殊疑问句We know （that）we should learn from each other.(即特殊疑问词的本身意义即特殊疑问词的本身意义) that if/whether wh-/howCould you please tell me where the bank is?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是词，看从句成份是否完整，否完整，不完整不完整，一定是，一定是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句。完整完整，判断，判断主句主句语气，语气，是是疑问疑问语气，用语气，用if/whether; 是是肯定语气肯定语气，用，用that.一、引
3、导词一、引导词（是否）（是否）Please tell me if/whether he lives here.注意：注意：1. If/whether（是否）（是否）的区别的区别 一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以可以互换，但以下下4种情况通常只能用种情况通常只能用whether： 在不定式前：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词后：在介词后：It depends on(依靠依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与与or not连用：连用：They are talk
4、ing about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：做主语从句：Whether he is right isnt important. 主语主语 2. 从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致与从句主语是一致, 可简化成可简化成: 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do.Could you tell me how I can do it？Could you tell me how to do it？e.g: I dont know what I should do.I dont know what to do.Exe
5、rcise 1. 填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词 1. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when 2. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when 3 .I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which 4. She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he
6、 will be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why 7. He asked me _told me the news. A whom B which C who 8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what CCABBAAB
7、Exercise 2：用：用that, if/whether, where, what, who，how old,why等连接词填空等连接词填空. 1. I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2. Do you know_ is dancing?3. We think _you have never been there before 4. Please tell me_ you live.5. Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.thatwhothatwhereif/whether6.D
8、o you know_ she is angry?7.The teacher asked_ your name was. 8.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.9.He asked you_ you were a student or not.whywhathow oldwhether二、语序二、语序 e.g: Does he work hard？I want to know. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.陈述句语序陈述句语序即：即：连词主语谓语动词连词主语谓语动词(1)陈
9、述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。e.g:He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。I want to know if/whether he works hard.(3) 当特殊疑问词在句中做主语或主语的修饰语时，变为宾语从当特殊疑问词在句中做主语或主语的修饰语时，变为宾语从 句时，语序不变。句时，语序不变
10、。 e.g: Who is on duty today? Do you know? Do you know who is on duty today? 注意注意: Whats the matter? / Whats wrong ?/ whats happening?/ What happened? I dont know? I dont know whats the matter / what s wrong /whats happening /what happened. Exercise 3. 下列宾语从句的语序是否正确。下列宾语从句的语序是否正确。1. I think that he w
11、ill come to China next year.2. I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3. Can you tell me where does your mother work?4. Do you know who can answer the question?5. Please tell us where is the hospital? your mother works the hospital is三、时态三、时态 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定. e
12、g：I hear（that）he _(come) back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。去的某种时态。（看主句看主句）eg: He said（that）there _(be) no classes yesterday.We want to know when he _(start) learning English last year.He told me he _(can) swim.werecouldstartedwill come The teacher asked him what
13、 he _(do) at seven.was doinge.ge.g3.如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要从句都要用一般现在时用一般现在时。e.g:4.could/would you tell me +宾语从句宾语从句表示委婉语气表示委婉语气 ，不是一般过去时态。，不是一般过去时态。e.g: He said that light travels much faster than sound.e.g Could you please tell me where he lives?Exercise
14、 4. 时态练习时态练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. will go B. go C. would go3 Could you tell me whether they_ a dictation tomorrow. A. had B. has . C. will have 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some water. A. c
15、ould she B. she could C. she can 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels ACCBC四、四、 其他注意问题其他注意问题 1.if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 1）. 宾语从句: if when 2）.状语从句: 条件状语从句 if 时间状语从句 when 是否是否什么时候什么时候(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)如果如果当当时时时态时态: 主句一般将来时主句一般将来时/一般现在时一般现在时/祈使句祈使句/含情含情态
16、动词态动词, 从句一般现在时从句一般现在时. 主句一般过去时主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时从句一般过去时. Exercise 5. If/when 区别练习区别练习: 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow，I wont come. 2. He didnt tell me if it _(rain) tomorrow. 3. I dont know if he _(come) tomorrow. If he_ (come),Ill tell you. 4. When it _ (stop) raining, well go swimming. 5. Could you tell m
17、e when the film _(start) this evening? would rainrainswill come comesstopswill start如果如果是否是否是否是否如果如果当当.的时候的时候什么时候什么时候She didnt say that he would come here, _?其它注意问题其它注意问题 did sheI dont think he is serious,_?is heI believe he can finish it on time, _?cant he 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, s
18、uppose等词等词 时，并且主句主语为时，并且主句主语为I/we时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。到主句上。 e.g： I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。我认为他不对。1）. 一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：一般根据主句的谓语动词判断： 2).当主句主语为当主句主语为I/we，主句动词为，主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断等，则根据从句判断: 4.祈使句放在动词后面不能用宾语从句表达：祈使句放在动词后面不能用宾语从句表达：2.否定前置否定前置3.宾语从句的反意疑问句宾语从句的反意疑问句Op
19、en/Dont open the door. He asked me He asked me to open/ not to open the door. Summary ： 宾语从句七注意宾语从句七注意 一、一、 if/whether区别区别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do引导词引导词 二、语序二、语序 what is the matter?等句子语序不变等句子语序不变 三三 、时态、时态 如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象 ,仍用一般现在时仍用一般现在时 Could/would you tell me? 四、四、if,when引导宾语
20、从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、反意疑问句五、反意疑问句 一般看主句一般看主句 think,believe,suppose,guess且主句主语为且主句主语为I/we时时,看从句看从句. 六、否定转移六、否定转移 I dont think he has time to play with the girl. 七、祈使句在动词后面不使用宾语从句表达。七、祈使句在动词后面不使用宾语从句表达。 He told me (not) to watch TV.综合练习综合练习1 .(各地中考题各地中考题) 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the s
21、hop keeper _ this was an interesting book. A. that B.w ho C. if 2. -I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. -He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how 3. -We never know _ the old m an is.-They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which 4. -Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. -S
22、orry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives 5. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what was the matter 6. -Where is Jack? -He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuha
23、n, but Im not sure _ he has gone. A. that B. which C. where AACcCC综合练习综合练习2：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.What is his name? I dont know _2.When did you begin to study English? I didnt know _3.It is important to learn English. The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me_what his
24、name is .when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street.综合练习综合练习3.翻译句子。翻译句子。1. 我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对. I _your answer right. 我们相信他还没走我们相信他还没走. We _ that he _.4.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了我不知道飞机为什么晚点了. I didnt know_the plane_ _. 5.他问我会议什么时候开
25、始他问我会议什么时候开始.He asked me _the meeting _ _. dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gonewhy was late when would begin 6.没人知道他是什么时候出生的没人知道他是什么时候出生的. No one knows _ he _ _.7.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大 The teacher told his students the sun _ _than the moon.8.我不能肯定他来还是不来我不能肯定他来还是不来.Im not sure _ he _ _ or not. when was born is bigger whether will comeThanksThanks