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1、现在完成时态现在完成时态现在完成时态一结构:一结构: have/has+Ved二二意义:意义:1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成了一定的影响或结果。常和一些副词连成了一定的影响或结果。常和一些副词连用用(always,yet,just,ever,never,before,twice等)等) 2.表示过去开始持续到现在甚至将来的动作。表示过去开始持续到现在甚至将来的动作。要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 (for+时间段,时间段,since then, so far, since+时间时间点,点,since+ago短语,短语
2、,since从句,从句, in the past +时间段)时间段) 3.have been in+地点名词,表示地点名词,表示呆在某地多久,要和实践锻连用。呆在某地多久,要和实践锻连用。 4.have been to+地点名词,表示地点名词,表示曾经到过某地,但已回来。不与曾经到过某地,但已回来。不与实践锻连用。实践锻连用。 5.have gone to+地点名词,表示地点名词,表示去了某地,还未回来,不与时间去了某地,还未回来,不与时间段连用。段连用。三时间状语(略)三时间状语(略)四做题四做题 1.Mr Li_(work) in this school for 20 years. 2.M
3、y father_(be) in Beijing for 10 years. 3.We _(be) to Beijing twice. 4.-Where is Li Ming? -He_(go) to the library. 5.My father_(go) to Nanjing. She_(go) there last week.五现在完成时态中应注意的问题:改错:五现在完成时态中应注意的问题:改错: She has bought this jacket for 10 years. My brother has joined the army since two years ago.英语中
4、有些动词如:英语中有些动词如:come,go,begin start,finish,die, find,buy,borrow,sell,leave,put on,get up,arrive,receive, become,join等,只能表示极其短暂的动作,而没等,只能表示极其短暂的动作,而没有持续的长度。即动作发生后立即结束,这样的有持续的长度。即动作发生后立即结束,这样的动词成为瞬间动词(终止性动词、短暂性动词、动词成为瞬间动词(终止性动词、短暂性动词、顺时性动词)。用法如下:顺时性动词)。用法如下:1.瞬间动词用于现在完成时态,不能和表示一段时瞬间动词用于现在完成时态,不能和表示一段时间
5、的时间状语连用,也不能用于间的时间状语连用,也不能用于how long 引导的引导的疑问句中。而要把瞬间动词转化为疑问句中。而要把瞬间动词转化为be+adj/adv/介介词短语的形式。常见的短暂性动词及其连用时间词短语的形式。常见的短暂性动词及其连用时间段的转换与有段的转换与有,become-be, borrow-keep, buy-have begin/start-be on, come/go/arrive/get-be here/there/in come back-be back, join-be in/a /an+n, die-be dead fall asleep/ill-be as
6、leep/ill, get up-be up,finish-be overget to know/recognize-know, leave-be away(from)go out-be out, catch/get/take a cold-have a coldget to bed/go to sleep-be asleep, open-be openclose- be closed等。等。 改正下列句中的错误:改正下列句中的错误:Mr Li borrowed the book for two weeks.The film has begun since five minutes ago.M
7、r Li has come to China two years ago.Well leave the school for one mont2.当瞬间动词与表示一段时间的时间状当瞬间动词与表示一段时间的时间状语相矛盾时,通常用以下几种方式进语相矛盾时,通常用以下几种方式进行转换:行转换: 1)将瞬间动词改为)将瞬间动词改为be+adj/adv/介词短介词短语语 His father died 10 years ago. His father_ _ _for 10 years. His father_ _ _since 10 years ago. 2)用瞬间动词的一般过去时态用瞬间动词的一般过
8、去时态+ago短语短语 His father died 10 years ago. 3)用用It is+时间段时间段+since从句(从句中用从句(从句中用一般过去时态),相当于:一般过去时态),相当于:It has been+时间段时间段+since从句。从句。 It is/has been ten years since his father died. 4)用时间段用时间段+has passed+since 从句(从从句(从句中用一般过去时态句中用一般过去时态) Ten years has passed since his father died.Practice 1)Tom came
9、to China last year.(同)同) Tom_ _ _China for one year. Tom_ _ _China since one year ago. It is_ _since Tom_(come) to China. _ _has passed since Tom came to China. 2)My elder brother has joined the army for 3 years.(改)改) 3)How long have you borrowed the book?(改错)改错) 4)I have recognized Lucy for 5 years.(改错)改错)3.凡是与凡是与for/since一起构成的时间状语,与现一起构成的时间状语,与现在完成时态连用时,在肯定句中谓语动词在完成时态连用时,在肯定句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词,在否定句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词,在否定句中谓语动词可以是瞬间动词。可以是瞬间动词。 如:如:I havent seen you since last year. He hasnt come here since three years ago. _End_
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