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1、浏阳市职业中专浏阳市职业中专 刘亮汝刘亮汝一、相关概念二、种类三、常见引导词四、七大常考考点1.thatwhatwhich 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法3.语序问题 4.同位语从句和定从的区别5.whatwhatever6.ifwhether 7.虚拟语气问题五、高考定语从句和名词性从句考题. 什么叫什么叫“名词性从句名词性从句”？v名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.
2、宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。另外还可以作。另外还可以作定语定语,状语状语。3.名词性从句名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的
3、句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主 语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二、二、
4、名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）（动词、介词、形容词之后的宾从）1）从属连词）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时引导作用。（引导宾语从句时省，但是如省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分等，有意义，作成分3）连接副词）连接副词where,when,how,why等，有意义，等，有意义，在句中作状语在句中作状语4）从属连词）从属连词
5、if,whether（是否）（是否）(if 只能引导动只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句词、形容词之后的宾语从句) 1._he said has nothing to do with you.2. _well start tomorrow will be told soon.3. _he did such a thing satisfied me.4_ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.whatwhenThatHow1.谁会去不重要。谁会去不重要。2.上周他突然生病让我们都惊讶。上周他突然生病让我们都惊讶。3.问题是谁能去
6、那。问题是谁能去那。4.我对你说的感兴趣。我对你说的感兴趣。5.我希望一切都好。我希望一切都好。6.他得了那个奖的消息让我们都高兴。他得了那个奖的消息让我们都高兴。 1. _ he said it made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry. 2. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatA考点考点1：连接词：连接词： that 与与 what 的区别的区别
7、 That (a new teacher will come to our school ) is true . What we cant get seems better than what we have .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不 充当任何成分充当任何成分 what 既有连接作用，既有连接作用， 又要在从句中作成分又要在从句中作成分（ 主语，宾语，主语，宾语， 表语）表语）( 的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念) 1.After five hours drive, they reached
8、 was the place theyd been dreaming of. 2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at was a dangerous speed. 3. The way he did it was different from we were used to. 4._ the earth is round is known to us all.5. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a comp
9、uter.whatwhat whatThatthatp We hope, on the contrary, _ he can go climbing with us. A. that B. / C. whether D. when 如果宾语从句前有插入语，如果宾语从句前有插入语，thatthat不能省略不能省略p Having checked the air-conditioner was closed, and _ all the lights were off, we left the office. A. after B. that C. when D. whereB : what (什
10、么什么) / which ( 表选择表选择, 哪一个哪一个) 1. -Do you know_Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? whatwhichwhich1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
11、高考题选萃高考题选萃2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt
12、matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that考点考点 2 ：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will come or notIt is well known/reported/thought/ said thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/true thatIt is a pity/a shame/an honor thatIt doesnt matter whetherIt seems that It happens
13、that 1. _is known to all, Taiwan is only part of China. A. As B. That C. Which D.What 2. It is known to all_ Taiwan is only part of China.A. as B. that C. if D. for 3. It was on Sunday _ I met him. A. that B.when C. what D.which （非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（强调句）（强调句）主语从句主语从句 (2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,
14、常用常用于这些动词后于这些动词后, like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate/make + it 后常跟后常跟if 或或when从句从句 . it 作形式宾语作形式宾语 (1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled .*(3) depend on it that 1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A.
15、 this B. that C. it D. one2.You may depend on _ that you parents will help you whenever you need it. A. them B. yourself C. it D. me 1.The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like v2.
16、You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .vA. how he was excitedvB. how was he excitedvC. how excited he wasvD. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violinA. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4.What time do you think _?A.will Besty come here B.Besty w
17、ill come hereC.is Besty coming hereD.can Besty get here考点考点4 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, 用以说用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容明或解释前面的名词的内容.定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用定语从句：对先行词起
18、修饰限制作用The news that she passed the exam excited her parents .The news that we know from her excited all of us .解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中充当成分、在从句中充当成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.2. The suggestio
19、n that he made is of great value.3.The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4.The fact that he told me excited me.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句定语从定语从句句注注: 1. 1. 同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did i
20、t.I have no idea what he did.考点考点5.选择填空选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever)v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2. _we need is more time.v3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定
21、语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等引导的等引导的名词性从句都名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。whoever, whateverWho, what 请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whom
22、ever C.whoever D.no matter who 注：注：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句只引导让步状语从句 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 考点考点6.用用if 或或whether 填空填空v1. I dont know _Ill be free tomorrow.v2.
23、 It seemed as if he was indifferent(漠漠然然)_ he could get into a lifeboat.v3. The question is _ this vbook is worth writing.whether /ifwhetherifv4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.v5. _ they can do it matters little to us.a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、句、 介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether， 不
24、能用不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用whetherc.宾语从句是否定结构时只用宾语从句是否定结构时只用ifwhetherWhether 1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where1.在在order，demand，request，advise，等所接的等所接的宾宾语从句语从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气。型虚拟语气。should 常省略常省略。 2.在在order，suggestion等名词后等名词后同位语从句，表同位语从句，表语从句
25、语从句中用中用should 型虚拟语气，可省略型虚拟语气，可省略should3.在在as if，as though引导的引导的表语从句表语从句中，在必要中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、 理应如此等理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. （2） It is a pity(a shame, no w
26、onder, etc.) that. （3） It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如如: It is strange that she (should) think so. 2.His suggestion was that we_another meeting to discuss the question. A. hold B. would hold C. held D. holding 1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign
27、language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 5. wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即即 wish that did/were(跟现在相反跟现在相反)would +do (跟将来相反跟将来相反)had done (跟过去相反跟过去相反)I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B. had seen C would see D has seen would rather that sb did sth sb h
28、ad done 补充：名词性从句中的时态问题补充：名词性从句中的时态问题1. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were 当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从当主句的动词为现在和将来时态时，名词性从句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各句中的动作根据所发生的时间来定，可以有各种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中种时态；当主句的动词为过去时态时，从句中的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时
29、，除非表示的动作一般都要使用相应的过去时，除非表示客观真理。又如：客观真理。又如：C2. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had goneD1.她肯定会在考试中考得好。她肯定会在考试中考得好。2.已经决定把会议推迟到下周一了。已经决定把会议推迟到下周一了。3.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。4.你要相信我会一直帮助
30、你的。（你要相信我会一直帮助你的。（depend on）5.是否开会还是个问题。是否开会还是个问题。6.我不关心他是否回来。我不关心他是否回来。7.他们需要的是一本好课本。他们需要的是一本好课本。8.这就是我们的问题所在。这就是我们的问题所在。9.这正是我从里面找到答案的那本书。这正是我从里面找到答案的那本书。10.这正是我丢失的那本书。这正是我丢失的那本书。 做题三步曲：做题三步曲： 步骤一：首先把主句和从句区分步骤一：首先把主句和从句区分开来。开来。步骤二：分析从句缺何种成分。步骤二：分析从句缺何种成分。步骤三：根据分析，选择恰当的步骤三：根据分析，选择恰当的连词连词27. _ is kn
31、own to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. AsD. Which29. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which23. _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D
32、. As 8. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where25. People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how30. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be th
33、e best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. A. what B. which C. whom D. that36. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that