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1、句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句陈述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. 2）疑问句疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class 4）感叹句感叹句：How clever the boy is!按句子的结构可分三种： 1) 简单句：简单句：2) 复合句：复合句：3) 并列句：并列句： 主
2、语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语主语 联系动词联系动词 表语表语 (S + LV + predicative) 主语主语双宾动词双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 There + be / stand/ lie / live.简单句的六种基本句型简单句的六种基本句型动词用作谓语1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, s
3、ound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, grow;give 、 tell 、bring 、 send 、 hand 、 pass 、 lend 、leave 、 promise 、make 、 buy、 pay 、advise 、allow、 ask 、beg 、encourage、expect 、force 、 order 、permit 、 persuade 、prefer联系动词双宾动词宾补动词主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My hea
4、d aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例D
5、eep water stays still.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.Quite a few changes have taken place.Every afternoon a lot of students co
6、me to the library to borrow books.We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.Mother promises to give me a present.They have carried out the plan successfully.He did not know what to say.Would you please pass me the dictionary?I consider it possible to work out the problem in anothe
7、r way. She is listening to someone telling stories.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.John gave Mary many books，which are full of pictures(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语）简单句的扩展成份简单句的扩展成份I bought a rain coat with a flower.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bri
8、ght little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.Seen from the top, the city is amazing.但不管如何变，但不管如何变，都都只有一个主谓结构。只有一个主谓结构。 I shall go there if it doesnt rain.(复合句) 1.Having finished his hom
9、ework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子整个句子) (复合句复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）和和等。等。指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was read
10、ing a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.There is a chair in this room, isnt there?He was fond of drawing when he was still a child.My brother and I
11、go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.Neither has he changed his
12、 mind, nor will he do so.简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句复合句复合句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句 并列句并列句 并列句并列句 并列句并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。表示表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。等。Hurry up, or youll miss the train.John and Jack are good friends.
13、Neither he nor I will go to that school.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.表示连接表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。等连接。表示表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 表示表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。等。He made a promise, but He didnt
14、keep itHe was tired, so he went to bed.(Yes)(no) (no)u1.There have been many people smoke.u2.He wins the first prize is known to all.u3.Trying your best or you will lose the game.u4.She won the first prize in the speech contest and which surprised us.u5.There are many books here, many of which writt
15、en in English.u6.Many organizations form aiming to protect wildlife.u7.Who do you think the doctor will have examine first, John or Kate?u8.Having been asked several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer .u9.Giving help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and bet
16、ter. u 10.If reading the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.1.Cutting the apples in half, so we both can eat it.2.Making up beautiful is the important thing for the most of girls.3.He points to the house which behind the big tree.4.I couldnt get through to you, so I was not g
17、o to the party.5.There are so many food in the table that made she forget her promise.6.Pointing out your suggestions to the teacher, Please.7.Since his parents dead, he became silent. 8.I find it is very difficulty to solve the question 并列句的分类1、表示连接、表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neit
18、hernor, then等连接。等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示、表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示、表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange
19、way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示、表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to
20、 bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：基本成分的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：
21、即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定定 语语Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.nou
22、nadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivenounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhene
23、ver he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语Examples:Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）！（惊叹词）He has，alas，fai
24、led againCome here，John（呼语）（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。独立成分独立成分（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( run ) faster, than you. (
25、 I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句
26、子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词从属连词。从。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到个到4个基本成个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。连接成分连接成分简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。作用中的一种。 作一种陈述作一种陈述
27、提出一个问题提出一个问题 发出一种命令或请求发出一种命令或请求 表示一种感叹表示一种感叹Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语） 方式方式
28、 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.两个简单句的主语可以连词两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut al
29、so等连词连接组等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but
30、 not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主语、谓语、宾语的合并主语、谓语、
31、宾语的合并两个简单句的宾语可由两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成等连词连接组成一个简单句。一个简单句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane n
32、or her husband.两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主语、谓语、宾语的合并主语、谓语、宾语的合并并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions 平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：转折并列连词： 因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and the
33、nbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor并列句并列句并列句的词序：并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。的词序。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 连词连词 主语主语 动词动词 表语表语Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五种简单句型可用五种简单句型可用并列连词并列连词连接起来组成并列句。连接起来组成并列句。 主主 谓谓 状（方式）状（方式） 连连 主主 谓谓 表表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an ar
34、chitect.主主 谓谓 宾宾 连连 主主 谓谓 地点地点I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 连连 主主 谓谓 宾宾They made him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用
35、，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词从属连词引引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句复合句 = 主句主句 + 从句从句复合句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用
36、。复合句主要包含以下类型从形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句： 1. 主语从句主语从句 2. 宾语从句宾语从句3. 表语从句表语从句 4. 定语从句定语从句5. 状语从句状语从句 6. 同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1. 宾语从句宾语从句2. 状语从句状语从句 3. 定语从句定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语how much he was pre
37、pared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句I dont know him.
38、He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句与
39、简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句That is t
40、he fact.表表 语语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I l
41、ived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going o
42、n well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句PracticePracticePractice用所给连词连接句子。用所给连词连接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when)I st
43、ill remember the day when I first went to York.将各组句子连接为一个含有将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句的复合句。的复合句。PracticePracticePracticeHe didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （时间（时间）It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果（结果）Well g
44、o to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (条件条件) We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步）让步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.