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1、 语法专项提升 定语从句 关系代词that与which的用法区别 (1)关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况： 关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候： This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. 这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。 关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时： He failed in the exam，which made his father angry. 他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。 (2)that和which都指
2、物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which：当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。 There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。 That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 Thi
3、s is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 当人和物同时作先行词时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在
4、谈论的人和事吗？当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the bike that you lost？哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal？获金牌的小男孩是谁？ 介词关系代词 (1)介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。 The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。 In the dark street，there wasnt single person to whom s
5、he could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 (2)当复合介词短语which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。 (3)介词which/who不定式结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那个可怜的人没有房子住。(4)ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently
6、I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 关系代词as引导的定语从句 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式： 其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These hou
7、ses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语) 注意：(1)such.as.(定语从句)像 那样such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题
8、，我能回答。(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。 关系代词as，which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out to be very good，which
9、 was more than we could expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What
10、 is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. 后两句属名词性从句范畴。(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone. Edison invented the telephone，as is known to all. 使用定语从句应注意的几个问题(1)当先行词是way，意
11、为“方式，方法”，在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种： 我不喜欢他说话的方式。(2)注意区别先行词和引导词。 Is this名词the one that从句Is this the名词that从句(3)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中的成分。Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你还记得我们
12、在青岛过暑假的日子吗？(4)当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。(1)one of复数名词关系代词复数动词 He is one of the students who pass the exam.(
13、2)the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词He is the only one of the students who passes the exam. 他是唯一通过考试的学生。 (3)其他情况I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you. 我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事吗？1(2009年福建卷)Its helpful to put children in a
14、situation_they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere【解析】句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently in_the_situation.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。【答案】D2(2009年山东卷)Whenever I met her，_was fairly o
15、ften，she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho BwhichCwhen Dthat【解析】此处考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地向我微笑。【答案】B3(2009年江西卷)The house I grew up_has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it BinCin that Din which【解析】分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填
16、介词in，且其后不能再有宾语。【答案】B4(2009年陕西卷)Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which【解析】句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，
17、故用关系代词which。【答案】C5(2009年天津卷)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.Awho BwhomCwhose Dwhoever【解析】句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：whose email account is full.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句。【答
18、案】C6(2009年全国卷)She brought with her three friends，none of_I had ever met before.Athem BwhoCwhom Dthese【解析】 句意为：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。 【答案】C7(2009年全国卷)My friend showed me round the town，_was very kind
19、 of him.Awhich BthatCwhere Dit【解析】句意为：我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。本题was缺少主语，排除where；it不能引导定语从句，排除it；that不引导非限制性定语从句，排除that。【答案】A8(2009年浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life_I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhy【解析】 句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where引导定语从句修饰先行词point。【答案】B9(2009年辽宁卷)Theyve
20、 won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising actually.Athat BwhenCwhat Dwhich【解析】句意为：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。考查定语从句。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。【答案】D10(2009年江苏卷)Because of the financial crisis，days are gone_local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.Aif BwhenCwhi
21、ch Dsince【解析】句意为：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6 000元的日子一去不复返了。when local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night作days的定语，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。【答案】B1(2010年皖南八校第二次联考)Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009，_US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four
22、day state visit.Awhich Bin thatCwhere Dthat【解析】考查定语从句的用法。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum。【答案】C2(2010年福建四地六校第三次联考)“Youll have to wait for two hours，_is，about 11 30，_the medical report will come out，” the doctor said to me.Athat；when Bwhich；thatCthat；before Dwhich；when【解析】考
23、查插入语和定语从句的用法。that is是插入语，意思是“也就是”；when引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的时间11 30。【答案】A3(2010年福建四地六校第三次联考)I dont like the way_he often uses to speak to me.Ain which BhowCwhich Dwhat【解析】考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。【答案】C4(2009年南京检测)John，_money is no problem，still leads a simple life.Afor whose Bof whose
24、Cof whom Dfor whom【解析】考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。【答案】D5(2009年南京检测)Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one_comes into their mind is Liu Qian.Awhom BwhichCthat Dwhat【解析】考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空缺处应填一个关系代词且该关系代词在定语从句中充当主语且指人，先行词前有the fir
25、st修饰，所以选that。【答案】C6(2009年苏州模拟)He didnt put the things_they belonged，for_he got his punishment.Awhich；that Bwhat；thisCthat；whose Dwhere；which【解析】考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。【答案】D7(2009年浙江嘉兴二模)All the neighbors admire this family，_the child
26、ren and parents build up a friendly relationship.Awhy BwhereCwhich Dthat【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this family。【答案】B8(2009年南通调研)Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations
27、_appear in the working world.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhat【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意为：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的功课不足以应对工作中的所有情况。先行词是the situation，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world。【答案】C9(2009年皖南八校联考)This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance，_covers possible real l
28、ife issues.Awhose BwhichCthat Dwhat【解析】考查定语从句。 which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Life Guidance。cover覆盖，涉及。【答案】B10(2009年青岛二模)All_is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.Awhat is needed Bfor our needsCthe thing needed Dthat is needed【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：现在所需要的是基本生活必需品的不断的供应。在该句中，主语部分含有一个定语从句，先行词是all，在
29、主句中作主语，因此要用关系代词that。all that is neededwhat is needed。【答案】D11(2009年日照二模)As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，_，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwhere【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I am sure为插入语。【答案】A12(2009年淄博检测)The days
30、 are gone_we studied together at college，but I can still remember your lovely voice.Awhich Bin whichCthat Dwhen【解析】考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days，在定语从句中充当状语。【答案】D 13(2009年浙江十二校联考)_is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.AThat BWhi
31、chCAs DIt【解析】考查定语从句。as此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容。as意为“正如”。【答案】C14(2009年潍坊检测)Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_students got injured or killed while in school.Ain which Bfor whichCwhich Dwhen【解析】该题考查从句。该句中的which是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词accidents。句意为“由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题”。【答案】A15(2009年南京调研)Everyone has periods in their lives_everything seems very hard.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dthat【解析】考查定语从句。关系副词when指代先行词periods，且在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于during which。【答案】A