《经典唯美简单的英语文摘.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《经典唯美简单的英语文摘.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、经典唯美简单的英语文摘经典唯美简单的英语文摘诗盈050populationgrowthshouldhaveleveledoff,butbythenwellhave10billionpeople-two-thirdsasmanyagainaswehavetoday.Therateofpopulationgrowthissomethingwecanchooserightnow,though:itsnotsomethingthatjusthappens,butamatterofhumanchoice.Thechoiceisacomplicatedone,withmanyvariables,butit
2、remainsachoice.新千年的前50年对世界人口来讲是至关重要的,到2050年,世界人口将趋于平稳,但到那时,世界人口将到达100亿,比如今多2/3。但人D增长率是我们如今能选择的事:它不是顺应天意而产生的,而是人类的选择。这一选择相当复杂,有很多因素,但它仍然是一种选择。Ifwewanttopreventapopulationexplosion,weshouldtakeactionnow-orassistthepoorercountriestodoso.Theyneedbettergovernment,betterinstitutions,betterlaborandcapitalm
3、arkets,betterschools.Anythingthatincreasesthevalueofwomenstimeandaddstothecostofcaringforachildmakesawomanlesslikelytohavethatchild.Sincebigfamiliesareoftenseenassafetynetsforillnessandoldage,improvingpoorpeoplesaccesstoinsurance,pensionsandwelfareinstitutionsalsohasamajorimpact.Thiscanbeassimpleasr
4、uralcredit,providingameansofsaving.Finally,thereiseducation-bothforwomenand,perhapsevenmoreimportant,forthenextgenerationofchildren.要想避免人口爆炸,我们如今就应采取行动或者讲应帮助比拟穷的国家来控制人口,由于他们需要更好的政府、机构、劳动力及资本市场和学校。任何使一个妇女增加抚养孩子的时间或抚养孩子费用的事都使得那个妇女不太想要这个孩子。由于大家庭经常被以为是年老生病时的安全网,让穷人进一步获得保险、退休金和福利机构的帮助也会在控制人口生育上起重大作用。这能够像
5、农村信誉制度那样简单,为人们提供一种储蓄的手段。最后还有教育问题既有对妇女的教育,也有更重要的对下一代的教育。Thesestepsaretheretobetaken,butthereappeartobesomecountriesthatarenotseriouslytryingatthemoment.Ifwecannotachievethatwewillcertainlynotcontrolpopulation.以上这些都是应采取的措施,但看来有些国家目前并没有认真去做,假如我们不能做到这一点,我们就不能控制人口。Thatsaid,Idontfeelpessimisticthatwearego
6、ingtorunoutofresources:wearebecomingmoreefficientatproducingfoodfasterthantherateatwhichpopulationisincreasing.Thereis,however,ariskthatwewillwrecktheenvironmentsoeffectivelythattheworldwillnolongerbeanattractiveplacetolive.Thatreallywouldbeadismaloutcome,toreachworldpopulationequilibriumonlytofindw
7、eddestroyedthenaturalenvironmentintheprocess.及此,我对我们资源殆尽并不悲观:我们生产粮食的速度超过了人口增长的速度。然而,我们也存在这样的危险:我们会彻底毁坏环境,以致于地球将不再是一个吸引人寓居的地方。那确实是一个可悲的结果:实现了人口的平衡却换来了自然环境的毁坏。人脑与电脑的区别Thedifferencebetweenabrainandacomputercanbeexpressedinasingleword:complexity.要形容人脑与电脑的区别只需一个词,即:复杂。Eventhemostcomplicatedcomputermanhas
8、yetbuiltcantcompareinintricacywiththebrain.Computerswitchesandcomportentsnumberinthethousandsratherthaninthebillions.Whatsmore,thecomputerswitchisjustanon-offdevice,whereasthebraincellisitselfpossessedofatremendouslycomplexinnerstructure.即便是迄今为止人类制造出的最复杂的电脑假如与人脑的复杂相比也望尘莫及。电脑转换组合出的数字只要千百万种而不是千百亿。更重要的
9、是,电脑的转换器只是一个开关装置,而大脑细胞本身就具有极其复杂的内部构造。Canacomputerthink?Thatdependsonwhatyoumeanbythink.Ifsolvingamathematicalproblemisthinking,thenacomputercanthinkanddosomuchfasterthanaman.Ofcourse,mostmathematicalproblemscanbesolvedquitemechanicallybyrepeatingcertainstraightforwardprocessesoverandoveragain.Eventh
10、esimplecomputersoftodaycanbegearedforthat.电脑会考虑吗?这就要看你所讲的考虑是指什么了。假如解一道数学题是考虑,那么电脑会考虑,而且比人脑快得多。当然,绝大多数数学题都能够通过一遍一遍机械地重复简单的程序而得到解决。即便是现今简单的计算机也能做到这点。Surely,though,ifacomputercanbemadecomplexenough,itcanbeascreativeasweare.Ifitcouldbemadeascomplexasahumanbrain,itcouldbetheequivalentofahumanbrainanddowh
11、ateverahumanbraincando.然而,电脑假如能造得够复杂,它也能和我们一样富于创造力。假如它能造得同人脑一样复杂,它便能与人脑相媲美,并能做到人脑能做到的一切。Buthowlongwillittaketobuildacomputercomplexenoughtoduplicatethehumanbrain?Perhapsnotaslongassomethink.Longbeforeweapproachacomputerascomplexasourbrain,wewillperhapsbuildacomputerthatisatleastcomplexenoughtodesign
12、anothercomputermorecomplexthanitself.Thismorecomplexcomputercoulddesignonestillmorecomplexandsoonandsoonandsoon.但是,要造出一个与人脑一样复杂的电脑要花多长时间呢?或许不会像有些人想象的那么长。在造出与人脑一样复杂的电脑之前,我们也许可能要先造出一个电脑,它复杂得至少能设计出比它本身更复杂的电脑。那个更复杂的电脑又能再设计出比本人更复杂的电脑,如此反复。Inotherwords,oncewepassacertaincriticalpoint,thecomputerstakeovera
13、ndthereisacomplexityexplosion.Inaveryshorttimethereafter,computersmayexistthatnotonlyduplicatethehumanbrain-butfarsurpassit.换言之,我们一旦突破了某个极点,电脑将盛行起来,并导致复杂性爆炸。不久,电脑将不仅复制人脑,而且将远远超越人脑。不要伤害蜘蛛SparethatspiderWhy,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeoft
14、hegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders
15、.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.你可能会觉得奇怪,蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢?由于它们能消灭那么多的昆虫,其中包括一些人类的大敌。要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护,昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去,昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们的成群的牛羊。我们要特别感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽,然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。此外,蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物,它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。Spidersarenotinsects,asm
16、anypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglance,foraspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.很多人以为蜘蛛是昆虫,但它们不是昆虫,甚至与昆虫毫无关系。人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异,由于蜘蛛都是8条腿,而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?Oneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagra
17、ssfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre;thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwi
18、thonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢?一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。这就是讲,在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年忙于吃昆虫。它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫,我们几乎无法猜想,它们是吃不饱的动物,不满意一日三餐。据估计,在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过了这个国家人口的总重量。经典唯美简单的英语文摘