《经典的英语优秀的文摘范文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《经典的英语优秀的文摘范文.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、经典的英语优秀的文摘范文经典的英语优秀的文摘范文诗盈一下英语文摘,喜欢的就来看看吧公众的利益InthepublicinterestTheScandinaviancountriesaremuchadmiredallovertheworldfortheirenlightenedsocialpolicies.Swedenhasevolvedanexcellentsystemforprotectingtheindividualcitizenfromhigh-handedorincompetentpublicofficers.Thesystemhasworkedsowell,thatithasbeena
2、doptedinothercountriestoo.斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行的开通的社会政策,遭到全世界的推崇。在瑞典,已逐步构成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效,已被其他国家采纳。TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorscanmakemistakesoractover-zealouslyinthebeliefthattheyareservingthe
3、public.Aslongagoas1809,theSwedishParliamentintroducedaschemetosafeguardtheinterestoftheindividual.AparliamentarycommitteerepresentingallpoliticalpartiesappointsapersonwhoissuitablyqualifiedtoinvestigateprivategrievancesagainsttheState.TheofficialtitleofthepersonisJustiteombudsman,buttheSwedescommonl
4、yrefertohimastheJ.O.orOmbudsman.TheOmbudsmanisnotsubjecttopoliticalpressure.Heinvestigatescomplaintslargeandsmallthatcometohimfromalllevelsofsociety.Ascomplaintsmustbemadeinwriting,theOmbudsmanreceivesanaverageof1,200lettersayear.Hehaseightlawyerassistantstohelphimandheexamineseverysingleletterindet
5、ail.ThereisnothingsecretiveabouttheOmbudsmanswork,forhiscorrespondenceisopentopublicinspection.Ifacitizenscomplaintisjustified,theOmbudsmanwillactonhisbehalf.Theactionhetakesvariesaccordingtothenatureofthecomplaint.Hemaygentlyreprimandanofficialorevensuggesttoparliamentthatalawbealtered.Thefollowing
6、caseisatypicalexampleoftheOmbudsmanswork.From是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽察员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年,瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政-利益的委员会,由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为司法特派员,但瑞典人一般都管他叫J.O.,即司法特派员。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见,并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出,司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律帅做他的助手协助工作,每封信
7、都具体批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么机密可言,他的信件是公开的,供公众监督。假如公民的意见正确,司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特派员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他能够好心地批评某位官员,可以以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。AforeignerlivinginaSwedishvillagewrotetotheOmbudsmancomplainingthathehadbeenill-treatedbythepolice,simplybecausehewasaforeigner.TheOmbudsmanimmediatelywrotetotheChie
8、fofPoliceinthedistrictaskinghimtosendarecordofthecase.TherewasnothinginttherecordtoshowthattheforeignerscomplaintwasjustifiedandtheChiefofPolicestronglydeniedtheaccusation.ItwasimpossiblefortheOmbudsmantotakeaction,butwhenhereceivedasimilarcomplaintfromanotherforeignerinthesamevillage,heimmediatelys
9、entoneofhislawyerstoinvestigatethematter.Thelawyerascertainedthatapolicemanhadindeeddealtroughlywithforeignersonseveraloccasions.Thefactthatthepolicemanwasprejudicedagainstforeignerscouldnotberecordedintheofficialfiles.ItwasonlypossiblefortheOmbudsmantofindthisoutbysendingoneofhisrepresentativestoch
10、eckthefacts.Thepolicemaninquestionwasseverelyreprimandedandwasinformedthatifanyfurthercomplaintswerelodgedagainsthim,hewouldbeprosecuted.TheOmbudsmanspromptactionatonceputanendtoanunpleasantpracticewhichmighthavegoneunnoticed.一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员,抱怨讲他遭到警察虐待,原因就是由于他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地的警察局长,请他寄送与此事有关的材
11、料。材料中没有任何文字记载证实外国人所讲的情况符合事实,警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是,当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时,他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证明有个警察确实屡次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载,司法特派员只要派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察遭到严厉呵斥,并被告知,假如再有人投诉他,他将遭到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动,迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件,不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。不要伤害蜘蛛SparethatspiderWhy,youmaywonder,shouldspider
12、sbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsect
13、sbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.你可能会觉得奇怪,蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢?由于它们能消灭那么多的昆虫,其中包括一些人类的大敌。要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护,昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去,昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼,杀死我们的成群的牛羊。我们要特别感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽,然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也
14、只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。此外,蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物,它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglance,foraspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.很多人以为蜘蛛是昆虫,但它们不是昆虫,甚至与昆虫毫无关系。人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异,由于蜘蛛都是8条腿,而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。Howmanyspidersareengagedin
15、thisworkonourbehalf?OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre;thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethant
16、hewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢?一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。这就
17、是讲,在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年忙于吃昆虫。它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫,我们几乎无法猜想,它们是吃不饱的动物,不满意一日三餐。据估计,在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过了这个国家人口的总重量。人脑与电脑的区别Thedifferencebetweenabrainandacomputercanbeexpressedinasingleword:complexity.要形容人脑与电脑的区别只需一个词,即:复杂。Eventhemostcomplicatedcomputermanhasyetbuiltcantcompareinintricacywiththebrain.Co
18、mputerswitchesandcomportentsnumberinthethousandsratherthaninthebillions.Whatsmore,thecomputerswitchisjustanon-offdevice,whereasthebraincellisitselfpossessedofatremendouslycomplexinnerstructure.即便是迄今为止人类制造出的最复杂的电脑假如与人脑的复杂相比也望尘莫及。电脑转换组合出的数字只要千百万种而不是千百亿。更重要的是,电脑的转换器只是一个开关装置,而大脑细胞本身就具有极其复杂的内部构造。Canacomp
19、uterthink?Thatdependsonwhatyoumeanbythink.Ifsolvingamathematicalproblemisthinking,thenacomputercanthinkanddosomuchfasterthanaman.Ofcourse,mostmathematicalproblemscanbesolvedquitemechanicallybyrepeatingcertainstraightforwardprocessesoverandoveragain.Eventhesimplecomputersoftodaycanbegearedforthat.电脑会
20、考虑吗?这就要看你所讲的考虑是指什么了。假如解一道数学题是考虑,那么电脑会考虑,而且比人脑快得多。当然,绝大多数数学题都能够通过一遍一遍机械地重复简单的程序而得到解决。即便是现今简单的计算机也能做到这点。Surely,though,ifacomputercanbemadecomplexenough,itcanbeascreativeasweare.Ifitcouldbemadeascomplexasahumanbrain,itcouldbetheequivalentofahumanbrainanddowhateverahumanbraincando.然而,电脑假如能造得够复杂,它也能和我们一样
21、富于创造力。假如它能造得同人脑一样复杂,它便能与人脑相媲美,并能做到人脑能做到的一切。Buthowlongwillittaketobuildacomputercomplexenoughtoduplicatethehumanbrain?Perhapsnotaslongassomethink.Longbeforeweapproachacomputerascomplexasourbrain,wewillperhapsbuildacomputerthatisatleastcomplexenoughtodesignanothercomputermorecomplexthanitself.Thismore
22、complexcomputercoulddesignonestillmorecomplexandsoonandsoonandsoon.但是,要造出一个与人脑一样复杂的电脑要花多长时间呢?或许不会像有些人想象的那么长。在造出与人脑一样复杂的电脑之前,我们也许可能要先造出一个电脑,它复杂得至少能设计出比它本身更复杂的电脑。那个更复杂的电脑又能再设计出比本人更复杂的电脑,如此反复。Inotherwords,oncewepassacertaincriticalpoint,thecomputerstakeoverandthereisacomplexityexplosion.Inaveryshorttimethereafter,computersmayexistthatnotonlyduplicatethehumanbrain-butfarsurpassit.换言之,我们一旦突破了某个极点,电脑将盛行起来,并导致复杂性爆炸。不久,电脑将不仅复制人脑,而且将远远超越人脑。经典的英语优秀的文摘范文