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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流科普知识学英语 海水表面温度达近150年来最高Sea surface temperatures in the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem during 2012 were the highest recorded in 150 years, according to the latest Ecosystem Advisory issued by NOAAs Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC). These high sea surface te
2、mperatures (SSTs) are the latest in a trend of above average temperature seen during the spring and summer seasons, and part of a pattern of elevated temperatures occurring in the Northwest Atlantic, but not seen elsewhere in the ocean basin over the past century. The advisory reports on conditions
3、in the second half of 2012.Sea surface temperature for the Northeast Shelf Ecosystem reached a record high of 14 degrees Celsius (57.2F) in 2012, exceeding the previous record high in 1951. Average SST has typically been lower than 12.4 C (54.3 F) over the past three decades.Sea surface temperature
4、in the region is based on both contemporary satellite remote-sensing data and long-term ship-board measurements, with historical SST conditions based on ship-board measurements dating back to 1854. The temperature increase in 2012 was the highest jump in temperature seen in the time series and one o
5、f only five times temperature has changed by more than 1 C (1.8 F).The Northeast Shelfs warm water thermal habitat was also at a record high level during 2012, while cold water habitat was at a record low level. Early winter mixing of the water column went to extreme depths, which will impact the sp
6、ring 2013plankton（浮游生物）bloom. Mixing redistributes nutrients and affects stratification of the water column as the bloom develops.Temperature is also affecting distributions of fish and shellfish on the Northeast Shelf. The advisory provides data on changes in distribution, or shifts in the center o
7、f the population, of seven key fishery species over time. The four southern species - black sea bass, summer flounder, longfin squid and butterfish - all showed a northeastward or upshelf shift. American lobster has shifted upshelf over time but at a slower rate than the southern species. Atlantic c
8、od and haddock（黑线鳕） have shifted downshelf.Many factors are involved in these shifts, including temperature, population size, and the distributions of both prey and predators, said Jon Hare, a scientist in the NEFSCs Oceanography Branch. A number of recent studies have documented changing distributi
9、ons of fish and shellfish, further supporting NEFSC work reported in 2009 that found about half of the 36 fish stocks studied in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, many of them commercially valuable species, have been shifting northward over the past four decades.在东北保质大型海洋生态系统在2012年的海表面温度最高记录150年来，根据最新的生
10、态系统咨询由NOAA的东北渔业科学中心（NEFSC）发行。这些高海面温度（SST的）是最新的在趋势以上的平均气温出现在春夏季节，温度升高，发生在西北大西洋的模式的一部分，但不是在其他地方看到在海洋盆地过去的一个世纪。咨询报告，在2012年下半年的情况。东北大陆架生态系统的海表面温度达到摄氏14度的历史新高（57.2F）在2012年，超过了此前的纪录高在1951年。平均SST通常低于12.4（54.3 F）在过去三十年。在该地区的海水表面温度的基础上既当代的卫星遥感数据和长期的船载测量，与历史基于SST条件的历史可追溯至1854年的船载测量。在2012年的温度上升是跳得最高温度在时间序列中看到，
11、一个仅有五次温度变化超过1（1.8 F）。东北大陆架的温水热的栖息地是在2012年达到创纪录的高水平，而冷水栖息地是达到创纪录的水平低。初冬的水柱混合走到极端的深度，这将影响2013年春季浮游生物（浮游生物）绽放。混合再分配营养素和影响的水柱分层绽放的发展。温度也是影响东北货架上的鱼类和贝类的分布。咨询提供的数据分布变化，或转移的人口中心，7个重要渔业品种随着时间的推移。南部四个物种 - 黑鲈鱼，夏天的比目鱼，长鳍鱿鱼，鲳鱼 - 都表现出一个东北或upshelf的转变。美国的龙虾移upshelf的随着时间的推移，但以较慢的速度比南方物种。大西洋鳕鱼和黑线鳕（黑线鳕）转移downshelf的。“很多因素都参与了这些变化，包括温度，人口规模，分布和食肉动物捕食野兔，说：”乔恩，科学家在NEFSC海洋学分公司。最近的研究已经证明一些鱼类和贝类的分布变化，进一步支持NEFSC的工作报告，发现在2009年的一半左右在西北大西洋，其中许多具有商业价值的物种研究的36个鱼类，已北移过去四十年。“成千上万人疯狂下载。更多价值连城的绝密英语学习资料，洛基内部秘密英语，技巧，策略请在 网上 申请报名”.精品文档.