武汉大学植物生物学习题集.doc

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流武汉大学植物生物学习题集.精品文档.植物生物学习题集生命科学学院05级生物学基地班Introduction, Cell Structure Part A 1. Plant life constitutes（组成）98% of the total biomass of the earth. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 2. Having formed during the twentieth century, plant anatomy（解剖学）and plant physiology are the most recent

2、ly developed areas of botanical（植物学的）study. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 3. In order to survive beyond the twenty-first century, humans will need to A: recycle（使再循环, 反复应用）on a large scale（比例,数值范围）,B: stop the increase in human population. C: practice water and energy conservation（守恒）. D: all of the above

3、. 正确答案是D 4. Which of the following is NOT a feature（特征，起重要作用）of the scientific method? A: hypothesis（假设）B: conjecture（推测,猜想）C: controls D: data collection 正确答案是B 5. The study of plant function is called A: taxonomy.（分类学）B: physiology.（生理学）C: anatomy.（解剖学）D: morphology.（形态学）正确答案是B 6. Dendrochronology

4、（树木年代学）, or the study of tree rings, is an example of which branch of botany? A: taxonomy.（分类学）B: physiology.（生理学）C: anatomy.（解剖学）D: ecology 正确答案是C 7. Which botanist is credited（信用）with naming and classifying（分类）plants? A: von Helmont B: Carson C: Malpighi D: Linnaeus 正确答案是D 8. What is the name of t

5、he book credited with increasing public awareness（知道）of the field of ecology? A: Silent Spring B: Species Plantarum C: Origin of Species 正确答案是A 9. Gregor Mendel is considered the founder of A: plant geography. B: plant genetics. C: cytology. D: plant systematics 正确答案是B 10. Cell biology is also refer

6、red to as A: genetic engineering. B: pteridology.（羊齿植物学）C: cytology（细胞学）D: systematics （=taxonomy分类学）正确答案是C 11. Plants will play an important role in space exploration because of their ability to A: generate（产生）oxygen B: produce drugs. C: generate carbon dioxide（.二氧化物）D: produce fiber. 正确答案是A 12. Th

7、e study of botany has its origins（起源, 由来）in which time period? A: Bronze（青铜）Age B: Victorian Period（维多利亚女王时代）C: Stone Age（石器时代）D: Industrial Revolution 正确答案是C Introduction Cell Structure Part B 1. In contrast（对比, 对照）to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells: A: lack a nuclear envelope.（膜）B: lack geneti

8、c material C: have mitochondria（线粒体）D: have chloroplasts（叶绿体） E: have complex chromosomes（染色体）正确答案是A 2. When plants moved from the sea to the land, the most critical（危急的）environmental factor became: A: water. B: carbon dioxide C: minerals D: oxygen. E: light 正确答案是A 3. The two major components（组成成分）o

9、f the vascular system are the: A: epidermis and cork B: xylem and phloem. C: apical meristems and lateral meristems D: cuticle（表皮）and stomata(气孔). E: embryo（胚芽）and seed 正确答案是B 4. Primary growth refers to growth: A: originating（起源, 发生）from apical meristems B: originating from the vascular cambium C:

10、originating from the cork cambium D: that is of primary importance to the plant E: that results in the thickening of stems and roots 正确答案是A 5. Plant _ is the study of the form of plants. A: physiology B: taxonomy（分类学）C: systematics（=taxonomy分类学）D: morphology（形态学）E: anatomy（解剖学）正确答案是D 6. If each game

11、te（接合体, 配偶子）of a plant has 12 chromosomes(染色体), what is the haploid（单倍体,单一的）chromosome number of that plant?问植物染色单体的数目 A: 3 B: 4 C: 6 D: 12 E: 24 正确答案是D 7. _ are plastids（质体）that lack chlorophyll but contain carotenoid（类胡罗卜素）pigments. A: Etioplasts （黄化质体）B: Chromoplasts（色素母细胞, 成色素细胞）C: Leucoplasts（白

12、色体）D: Amyloplasts 造粉(质)体E: Chloroplasts 正确答案是B 8. Most likely, mitochondria（线粒体）and chloroplasts evolved由发展(进化)from: A: portions of the endoplasmic reticulum. （内质网）B: pieces of nuclei C: fragments（碎片）of the plasma（血浆）membrane. D: oil bodies E: bacteria 正确答案是E 9. The _ is the liquid material containe

13、d within the tonoplast.（液泡膜）A: matrix（基质）B: stroma（基质）C: cell sap（细胞液）D: nucleoplasm （核原形质, 核浆）E: cytosol（细胞溶质,胞液）正确答案是C 10. A principal（主要的）function of the Golgi bodies is the: A: synthesis（合成） and secretion of cell wall polysaccharides（多醣,聚糖,多聚糖）other than cellulose（纤维素）B: formation（形成）of ATP by o

14、xidation（氧化）of organic（有机的）fuels （能源物质）C: conversion（转化）of radiant energy （光能）to chemical energy. D: storage of lipids（脂质）as oil bodies E: storage of water, ions（离子）, and secondary metabolites（代谢物）正确答案是A 11. In the cell wall, _ molecules（分子）are united to form microfibrils （微纤维）A: xylan（木聚糖）B: pectin

15、（胶质）C: xyloglucan （glucan葡聚糖）D: cellulose （纤维素）E: glycoprotein（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋白）正确答案是D 12. Which of the following statements about the secondary wall is false? A: It usually is deposited（存放, 堆积）after the cell has stopped growing. B: Glycoproteins（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋白） and enzymes（酶）are usually abundant constituents.（

16、要素）C: The protoplast（原生质体）may die after the secondary wall is laid down. D: It frequently has three distinct（清楚的）layers E: Pectins（胶质） are usually lacking. 正确答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part A 1. Apical meristems consist of: A: initials（最初的）only B: primary meristems only. C: immediate derivatives（派

17、生物）only D: initials and primary meristems E: initials and their immediate derivatives 正确答案是E 2. What three overlapping（重叠, 搭接） processes are involved（有关的）in development? A: cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation B: mitosis（有丝分裂）, meiosis（.减数分裂） and fertilization（授精） C: mitosis, me

18、iosis, and differentiation D: growth, morphogenesis（形态发生）, and differentiation E: primary growth, secondary growth, and morphogenesis（形态发生, 形态形成）正确答案是D 3. The tissue that makes up the pith（髓）and cortex（皮层）is: A: collenchyma B: xylem C: parenchyma D: phloem E: sclerenchyma. 正确答案是C 4. _ is a type of g

19、round tissue composed of cells having thick, often lignified（木质化的） secondary cell walls. A: Collenchyma（厚角组织） B: Xylem C: Parenchyma D: Phloem E: Sclerenchyma （厚壁组织）正确答案是E 5. Annular annular（环形的, 有环纹的）and helical（螺旋状的）thickenings in secondary cell walls are characteristic of: A: tracheids（管胞） only.

20、B: vessel（导管） elements only C: sieve（筛管） elements only. D: both tracheids and vessel elements. E: tracheids, vessel elements, and sieve elements. 正确答案是D 6. A mature sieve element does NOT normally have: A: a nucleus（细胞核） B: a plasma membrane（质膜） C: smooth endoplasmic reticulum.（内质网）D: plastids（质体）.

21、E: mitochondria.（线粒体） 正确答案是A 7. The function of companion cells is thought to be: A: structural support. B: storage of starch C: delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements D: conduction of food from one part of the plant to another. E: transport of water and minerals 正确答案是C 8. Trichomes（表皮毛） are:

22、 A: cells associated with guard cells. B: cells that form the bulk（大多数）of the epidermis. C: waxy（蜡质的）deposits（堆积物, 沉淀物）on the epidermis. D: appendages（附属物）of epidermal cells. E: the cell walls of epidermal cells. 正确答案是D 9. The cuticle of the epidermis consists mainly of: A: cellulose and fats. B: cu

23、tin（角质） and wax.（蜡质）C: cellulose（纤维素） and cutin（角质）D: cellulose and wax. E: lignin（木质素）and wax 正确答案是B 10. Which of the following is NOT a component of the periderm（周皮）? A: phellem（木栓）B: epidermal tissue C: phelloderm（栓内层）D: cork cambium（木栓形成层） E: cork （木栓）正确答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part B 1. The

24、 tissue found between the endodermis and the epidermis of plants is called the _. A: xylem B: phloem C vascular cambium D: cortex 正确答案是D 2. The food storage tissue of the root is the _. A: cortex B: endodermis C: xylem D: phloem 正确答案是A 3. The cell type providing the greatest structural strength to p

25、lants is the _. A: fiber cell B: collenchyma cell C: parenchyma cell D: sieve cell 正确答案是A 4. The cell type associated primarily with plant differentiation and growth is the _. A: xylem cell B: meristematic（分生组织的）cellC: phloem cell D: epidermal cell 正确答案是B 5. Which organelle（细胞器官）is associated with p

26、rotein synthesis in plants? A: mitochondrion B: Golgi body (dictyosome) C: ribosome D: protocytoplasmic body 正确答案是C 6. Which structure is least related to the others? A: plastid（质体） B: nucleus C: cell wall D: mitochondrion（线粒体） 正确答案是C 7. The organelle that captures（俘获, 捕获）light energy is the _. A: m

27、itochondrion （线粒体）B: chloroplast（叶绿体） C: nucleus D: leucoplast（白色体）正确答案是B 8. Ribosomes are associated with the _. A: rough endoplasmic reticulum （内质网）B: smooth endoplasmic reticulum C: nucleus D: vacuole（液泡）正确答案是A 9. Cell support is provided by the _. A: skeleton（骨架）B: fluid（流动的） matrix （基质）C: cytos

28、keleton（细胞骨架） D: exoskeleton（外骨骼）正确答案是C 10. Movement of hydrogen ions H+ across a plant membrane requires no ATP. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 11. Membranes facilitate（使容易,促进） cell-to-cell communication. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 12. The movement of ions from a region of high concentration to a region of l

29、ower concentration is known as osmosis. （.渗透作用）A: True B: False 正确答案是B 13. Axillary（叶腋的, 腋生的）buds（芽）are associated with the tip of a shoot.（嫩芽） A: True B: False 正确答案是B 14. The cell type that is alive at maturity and involved（与有关的） with food storage and/or photosynthesis is parenchyma. A: True B: Fal

30、se 正确答案是A 15. An example of an undifferentiated plant tissue would be the procambium.（原形成层） A: True B: False 正确答案是A 16. A trichome（毛状体） is an extension（.扩充）of an epidermal cell. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 17. An apical meristem can be found in an axillary bud.（腋芽）A: True B: False 正确答案是A Plant Cells and

31、 Tissues Part C 1. The helical（螺旋状的）structure of a DNA molecule（分子） can be viewed with a stereomicroscope.（体式显微镜）A: True B: False 正确答案是B 2. In plant cells, the secondary wall is deposited （堆积）to the inside of the primary wall. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 3. Cytoplasmic（细胞质的） streaming（流动） is the process

32、 whereby（为何）organelles move in a current（趋势,）within the cytosol.（细胞溶质,胞液）A: True B: False 正确答案是A 4. Vacuoles（液泡） are membrane-bound, empty air spaces, which make up to 90% or more of the cells volume. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 5. In higher plants, mitosis（有丝分裂） occurs in the vascular cambium and the m

33、eristems. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 6. During anaphase (细胞分裂的后期), the vesicles（小泡） of the phragmoplast（成膜体）fuse（融合）into a flattened（平的）hollow cell plate. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 7. The endoplasmic reticulum（内质网） is a system of flattened sacs（囊）and tubes（管子）associated with the storage and transport of

34、proteins. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 8. The cytoplasm（细胞质） of a cell consists of A: the cytosol（细胞质基质）and organelles. B: only salts C: cell fragments（碎片）D: the plasma membrane and cell wall 正确答案是A 9. What is the name given to the tiny strands of cytoplasm that extend between adjacent（相邻的） cells? A: nuc

35、lear pores B: middle lamella C: plasmodesmata（胞间连丝）D: microfibrils 正确答案是C 10. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal（核醣体的） RNA? A: vacuole（液泡）B: nucleolus C: leucoplast l（白色体）D: mitochondrion 正确答案是B 11. Which plastid synthesizes and stores starch（淀粉）? A: proplastid（原生质体）B: chlorop

36、last （叶绿体）C: chromoplast （有色体）D: amyloplast （造粉体）正确答案是D 12. Microtubules（微管）and microfilaments（微丝,微纤丝）constitute which part of the cells ultrastructure（超微结构,亚显微结构）? A: cytoskeleton（细胞骨架）B: nucleus C: cell wall D: all of the above 正确答案是A 13. Which organelle is associated with the synthesis（合成）, secre

37、tion(分泌), and storage of proteins? A: leucoplast B: ribosome C: vacuole D: chromatin （染色质）正确答案是B 14. Why are mitochondria（线粒体） called the powerhouses（发电站）of the cell? A: They make carbon and fats readily容易地available to the cell. B: They accumulate（积聚, 堆积）where energy is needed. C: They release（释放）en

38、ergy from respiration（呼吸作用）D: All of the above. 正确答案是D 15. During which interval（时间间隔） of interphase（细胞的间期）does DNA replication.（复制）take place? A: cytokinesis（细胞浆移动, 原浆移动）B: G2 C: S D: G1 正确答案是C 16. During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles? A: metaph

39、ase（中期）B: prophase（前期）C: telophase（末期）D: none of the above 正确答案是C 17. What is the name given to the two coiled（盘绕）, thick strands of a chromosome, which are united by a centromere（着丝点, 着丝粒）? A: chromatids（染色单体）B: kinetochores（动粒, 着丝粒, 着丝点）C: spindle fibers（纺锤体）D: homologous（同源的）chromosomes 正确答案是A 18

40、. Which of the following statements about animal cells is true? A: They do not form cell plates during mitosis. B: They do not have plastids C: They form centrioles（中心体） during mitosis D: All of the above 正确答案是D 19. The microtubules that extend from the centromeres（着丝点, 着丝粒） to the poles during mito

41、sis are called A: dictyosomes.（高尔基体）B: endoplasmic reticulum C: spindle fibers （纺锤体）D: satellites （星射线）正确答案是C Plant Cells and Tissues Part D 1. Parenchyma cells containing numerous许多的chloroplasts are called sclerenchyma. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 2. Lateral conduction of water occurs in long-lived, ho

42、rizontal（水平的）parenchyma cells called rays. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 3. Water movement between tracheid cells occurs only when the torus（花托, 花床, 圆环面）is in the center of the pit pair. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 4. Specialized epidermal cells called lenticels（皮孔）border（与.接近）stomata on the surface of leaves

43、. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 5. The periderm is composed of cork cells, replaces the epidermis, and constitutes组成the outer bark（树皮）in woody plants. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 6. Which of the following is NOT a primary meristem（分生组织）? A: ground meristem B: protoderm C: cork cambium D: procambium 正确答案是C 7.

44、Which type of meristem develops at intervals（空间间隔）along the stem in the vicinity（邻近, 附近）of nodes节点？A: apical meristem B: intercalary（居间的） meristem C: lateral meristem D: vascular cambium 正确答案是B 8. Sclerids and fibers are two forms of A: sclerenchyma B: epidermal tissue C: parenchyma D: transfer cell

45、s 正确答案是A 9. Celery（芹菜）strings are an example of A: periderm. B: collenchyma C: xylem D: none of the above 正确答案是B 10. In tracheid cells, pits are A: areas in which no secondary walls have developed B: formed wherever two tracheids are in contact with one another. C: necessary for water transfer. D: a

46、ll of the above 正确答案是D 11. What is the name of the cell that is closely associated with sieve tube members in phloem tissue? A: sieve plate B: lumen（内腔）C: companion cell D: chlorenchyma（绿色组织）正确答案是C 12. What is the name of the multi-layered（多层）epidermis covering the aerial（气生的）roots of an orchid （兰花）? A: procambium B: root cap C: root hair D: velamen（根被）正确答案是D 13. Cutin（角质）is defined.（定义）as A: the cells surround