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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流某办公综合楼框架结构毕业设计.精品文档.某办公综合楼框架结构毕业设计 内容简介 本毕业设计题目是成都市某高校办公综合楼框架结构设计,该办公综合楼的总建筑面积大约是3000平方米,共五层,建筑高度为17.6米。本建筑采用钢筋混凝土全现浇框架结构体系。本设计内容包括手算和电算两部分。其中手算部分计算书的主要内容为构件尺寸 .内容简介 本毕业设计题目是成都市某高校综合楼结构设计,该综合楼的总建筑面积大约是3000平方米,共五层,建筑高度为17.6米。本建筑采用钢筋混凝土全现浇结构体系。本设计内容包括手算和电算两部分。其中手算部分计算书的主要内容为构
2、件尺寸的初步确定、荷载计算、框架的计算简图、框架横向侧移计算、框架在水平及竖向荷载作用下的内力分析和计算、内力组合及截面设计。其中计算水平地震力作用下时采用底部剪力法和D值法。竖向荷载作用下框架内力分析采用弯矩二次分配法。由于此框架属于三级框架,所以没有进行节点抗震设计。图纸包括八张:即设计说明一张、框架柱配筋图一张(平法)、标准层楼板配筋图一张、标准层梁配筋图二张(平法)、基础平面布置图一张、基础大样图一张、某榀中框架主体配筋图一张。电算时,先用PKPM软件进行结构平面布置,检查平面数据,输入次梁楼板,输入荷载数据,形成PKPM文件,画结构平面图;然后使用PKPM进行框架计算;最后用TAT软
3、件进行框架的空间结构计算,输出框架梁、柱配筋图及内力计算结果。在设计过程中采用了手算和电算两种方式,对计算结果就可以进行校核,及时发现设计中的错误以及与电算不同的部分,可以很好的找出原因。 CAD图纸(共8张A3)设计说明一张框架柱配筋图一张(平法)标准层楼板配筋图一张标准层梁配筋图二张(平法)基础平面布置图一张基础大样图一张某榀中框架主体配筋图一张 摘 要文化与语言密不可分。语言是种有助于记录和阐释文化的媒介,正是通过语言,人脑中零碎的印象和概念才得以以具体的文字方式重组。一种特定语言中的词汇,除非包涵了文化元素,否则只是字典中毫无生命力的符号。文化因语言而得以活灵活现。另一方面
4、,文化不仅仅是人类自身的相互关系和行为方式,即文化不只关乎到人类本身,还关系到动物。人类不是孑然一身的,因为无论过去,现在,将来,动物都相伴其间。它们使人类的生活变得便利,并为其增添乐趣。动物词汇应用频繁,除了本身所指的动物外,还包含一些引申义。本文拟从中英文化,历史,思维模式等方面对一些动物词汇及相关词句进行分析,并探究造成这些差异的可能原因。关键词:动物词汇 比较分析 引申义 文化The Comparative Study on Animal Terms between English and Chinese from the Perspective of CultureABSTRACT
5、Culture and language are inseparably interwoven. Language is a vehicle that helps record and interpret culture; it’s through language that pieces of abstract impressions and conceptions in man’s mind can be reconstructed in concrete words. Only when words and phrases in a certain languag
6、e are combined with some cultural elements could they cease to be dead symbols of meaning as what they are in the dictionary. Culture becomes alive by means of language. On the other hand, culture is more than the interrelationships and behavior patterns of mankind, in other words, culture is not on
7、ly unique to human, but also something concerning animals. Humankind is not separate beings, for animals came before us, now surround us and will help us along into the future. They facilitate and add spice to human life. Animal terms, as one group of the most frequently used lexicons, carry some ex
8、tended meanings more than what they denote on the surface, since with the elapse of time, human beings have tied these words with their habits, customs and society. This article will analyze several animal terms and the relevant expressions in terms of the Chinese and English cultures, histories, th
9、inking models etc., and explore the possible reasons which can account for these differences. Keywords:animal terms comparative analysis extended meaning cultureCONTENTS 8100字 AbstractI摘要II 1 Introduction 12 The Comparative Analysis of Some Animal Terms . 22
10、.1 Dragon.22.2 Cat .2 2.3 Goat (Sheep) .32.4 Rat (Mouse) .52.5 Elephant.62.6 Raven (Crow) .73 The Causes of Cultural Differences.93.1 Language Determinism93.2 Lexical Gap and Cultural Gap.9 3.3Different Histories,Geographic Features and Mode of Production. . 103.4 Mythology, Religions and Customs.11
11、3.5 Different Thinking Models and Aesthetic Judgements.123.6 Associative Meaning and Semantic Change.134 The Significance of the Study. .155 Conclusion. 16References. 17 Acknowledgements19 北京民俗文化旅游现状及营销策略探讨(字)摘 要:北京城是座具有三千多年悠久历史的文明古都。北京博大深厚的文化气息世人瞩目。北京民俗文化更是源远流长,以北京胡同四合院为中心的民俗文化线路受到中外游客的追捧,但目前由于管理不到
12、位等原因,尚存在伪民俗、定位不当等影响民俗旅游资源使用及开发的因素,制约民俗旅游的发展,本文将从开发、营销策略等角度来思考北京民俗旅游资源的利用。 关键词: 北京民俗文化旅游;旅游资源的开发;胡同游 ;民俗营销Statu And Marketing Strategy Of Beijing Folk TourismAbstract:Beijing is an ancient city which has a long history and properous civilization over 3,000 years.The profound culture of beijing attrac
13、t worldwide attention. Beijing folk custom culture what make hutong culture as the central line is well-established, receives the Chinese and foreign tourists to pursue on.But recently,for the reason of bad management,there appeared some phenomenon like staged folk culture, unsuitable market locatio
14、n exerte bad inffulence in developing and exploring folk culrure tourism resource.This article focus on the devoloping, government management and other ways to think how to make full of use in Beijing folk culture tourism and the marketing stratages. Keywords: Beijing folk culture tourism;devoloping
15、 of tour resource; Folk_custom Marketing 摘 要权威是具有的使人信服的力量和威望,它来源于法律自身的力量和法律的正当性。我国当前虽然颁布了众多法律,但是法律权威没有根本树立起来。具体体现为司法权威不足,立法的权威也面临各方挑战。要树立我国法律的权威,一方面应该进一步推动司法改革,促进司法公正;另一方面,应该要提高立法质量,提高法律的正当性。此外,还要加强法制教育。关键词:法律权威 司法 立法On the legal authorityAbstractAuthority of the law is a man
16、ifestation of social awareness of the law and legal norms run effects of good or bad, a country of the legal authority, we can see that this country of law and social attitudes. The source of legal authority is very broad, including the law of internal factors and external factors, the law in perfor
17、mance of the internal factors: the justice of their own laws and legal will of the public; law in the performance of the external factors: the mandatory state and The legitimacy of the judiciary. At present, China has the legal authority of the problem: lax enforcement, failure to abide by the low l
18、evel of awareness of the law. China to the rule of law is now in a period of social development, we must establish the authority of the law on judicial reform must be to strengthen and intensify the publicity law, strengthen the legislative authority. In China set a good legal authority, the rule of
19、 law and social development in China is a key step. Key words:Legal,Authority,The authority of law in China目 录 5800字摘 要 IAbstract II前 言 1一、法律权威性的概念和来源 1二、我国法律权威方面存在的问题  
20、; 2(一)、司法权威的不足 2(二)、立法权威面临挑战 3三、当代中国如何树立法律权威 3(一)提高立法质量 3(二)对司法的改革 4(三)加强法制教育 5结 论 6参考文献 7致 谢 8 在农产品交易中的应用研究(字)摘 要:在日趋激烈的全球电子商
21、务竞争大环境下,如何构建农产品电子商务平台、实现农产品交易电子商务化,已经成为我国农业发展亟待解决的新问题。本文就电子商务在农产品交易中的应用进行深入的研究,针对当前农产品发展现状,阐述了电子商务应用于农产品交易的必要性,并在对电子商务在农产品中的交易模式进行分析的基础上,指出了我国电子商务在农产品交易的应用中存在的问题, 并提出了相应的对策。关键词:电子商务;农产品;交易Study on the Application of E-commerce in Agriculture Products TransactionsAbstract: Under the increasingly inte
22、nsive environment of global E-commerce competition, how to build the E-commerce platform for agricultural products and realize the electronic transactions of agricultural product trades has become a new issue which has occurred during the agricultural development of our country and which should be r
23、esolved urgently. This paper mainly studies the application of E-commerce in agricultural product transaction, and demonstrates the necessity of applying E-commerce in agricultural product transaction according to the current developing situation of agricultural products. Moreover, on the basis of a
24、nalyzing the E-commerce modes in agricultural product transactions, it also points out the existing problems in the application of E-commerce in agricultural product transactions of our country and puts forward the relevant measures accordingly. Key words: E-commerce; Agriculture product; Transactio
25、n 目 录摘 要 1关键词 1一、农产品交易中电子商务模式的提出 2(一)农产品交易现状及面临的问题 2(二)农产品电子商务的概念 2(三)电子商务在农产品交易中应用的意义 21.发展农产品电子商务有利于农业企业拓展国内、国际市场 22.发展农产品电子商务有利于减少流通环节,
26、降低流通成本 33.发展农产品电子商务有利于降低生产成本,增加收入 34.发展农产品电子商务有利于促进产业结构调整,提高农产品竞争力 3二、电子商务在农产品中的交易模式分析 3(一)农产品交易的B2B电子商务 31.买方集中模式 42.卖买方集中模式 43.第三方中介模式 4(二)农产品交易的B2C电子商务&n
27、bsp; 4 (三)农产品交易的C2C电子商务 4(四)农产品交易的C2B电子商务 5三、电子商务在农产品交易中的制约因素 5(一)农业信息化体系建设不健全 5(二)网络信用体系尚未建立 5(三)农产品质量标准体系不健全 6(四)参与主体素质较低 6(五)现代物流体系尚未形成 6四、加快
28、农产品电子商务发展的途径 7(一)构建和完善农产品交易信息系统 7(二)加快网络信用体系建设 7(三)完善农产品信息标准化建设 8(四)培养现代农民和服务人才 8(五)加强农产品物流体系建设 9五、结束语 9参考文献 10致 谢 11 摘&
29、nbsp; 要:将红足蒿的地上部分洗净、阴干、粉碎用不同溶剂提取其活性物质,得到石油醚提取物乙醇提取物、石油醚萃取物乙酸乙酯萃取物和水相等5种红足蒿提取物。通过抑菌性试验,试验结果表明:乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌( Escherichia coli) 、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 的抑菌效果显著;乙酸乙酯萃取物对大肠杆菌( Escherichia coli) 、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) 的抑菌效果较好。乙酸乙酯萃取物对黄曲霉(Aspergillum flavus ) 和黑曲霉(Aspergillum niger)有一定的抑菌效果。关键词:红足蒿;提取
30、物;抑菌活性;抑菌浓度 Studies on Antiseptic Activity of Extracts of Artemisia Rubr
31、ipes NakaiAbstract: The shoot of Artemisia rubripes Nakai was washed, dried, crushed by using different solvents to extract the active materials. Five kinds of extracts in Artemisia rubripes Nakai such as petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract, petroleum ether extraction matter, ethyl acetate extr
32、act and Aqueous were obtained. Through the antiseptic activity, it showed that the best antiseptic effect for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was the ethanol extract;the better antiseptic effect for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was the ethyl acetate extract; the antiseptic effect fo
33、r Aspergillum flavus and Aspergillum niger was the ethyl acetate extract. Key words: Artemisia rubripes Nakai; Extract; Antiseptic activity; Antiseptic concentrations 目 录 字摘 要: 1关键词: 11 前言 12 实验材料与方法 
34、; 32.1 实验材料与设备 32.1.1 实验材料 32.1.2 供试菌种 42.1.3 抑菌性物质 42.1.4 培养基 42.1.5 主要仪器设备 42.2 实验方法 42.2.1 红足蒿提取物制备
35、 42.2.2 培养基制备 52.2.3 菌种活化 62.2.4 菌悬液制备 62.2.5 含菌平板制备 7 2.3 抗菌活性测定 72.3.1 原提取物抑菌性 72.3.2 各种不同浓度的提取物的抑菌性 83 结果与分析 &nb
36、sp; 93.1 红足蒿原提取物抑菌效果 93.2 不同浓度红足蒿提取物的抑菌效果 114 结论 13参考文献 14致 谢 15 衡炎高速公路投标报价策略研究(含选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查报告,毕业论文字)摘 要:随着中国加入WTO和社会主义市场经济的不断发展和完善,以及与国际惯例接轨的迫切要求,越来越多的建设工程将按照国际标准和国际
37、惯例运作,工程项目招投标越来越规范化、制度化。在这种趋势下,如何适应日益激烈的投标竞争,转变观念,与时俱进,巧妙运用投标策略和技巧,把握投标先机,是投标企业必须认真研究的重要课题。本文主要以衡炎高速公路工程项目为背景,研究工程项目投标报价策略,以期提高投标中标率,为企业获取后续经济效益打下坚实基础。关键词:工程项目;投标报价;策略Tender Offer Strategy Research of Hengyang-Yanlin Highway EngineeringAbstract:Since China participation to the WTO, the marketing econ
38、omy of socialism has been continuingly growing. The bidding of projects shall become more standardized and institutionalized with an eager need to a better international practice, more and more construction projects will be in accordance with international standards. Under these circumstances, it is
39、 crucial for those construction corporations to take further investigation on how to adapt the bidding in the competition that is becoming increasingly fierce, the transformation of concepts, and the flexibility to apply the bidding strategies and skills, and also to seize the potential opportunitie
40、s. In this paper, it studies the strategy to a more successful bidding on a construction project, in between the highway of Hengyang - Yanlin. It is to build a more solid foundation for the corporations subsequent economic benefits. Key words:Construction project; Bidding quotation; Strategy 主要
41、内容和要求建设市场竞争激烈,建筑企业要求得生存与发展,必须承揽一定量的工程建设任务,因此,加强投标策略的研究,提高承包商(投标方)的竞标能力,提高投标中标概率,可以保证建筑企业获取较多的工程建设任务,同时,也为创造更多的经济效益奠定基础。本文内容以建筑企业目前的状况及市场开拓情况为背景,结合具体的招标项目进行策略分析,根据招标项目的特点制定适合工程特点、满足本企业发展需要的投标策略。要求:结合具体招标项目进行投标策略分析,确定投标报价,制定相应的投标策略。完成一篇不少于字的具有一定实用价值的论文。注:此表如不够填写,可另加附页。主要参考文献与外文资料1 宁素莹,建设工程招标投标与管理M,中国建
42、材工业出版社,2003年2 刘昌明,工程招标投标管理M,北京大学出版社,2006年3 仲景冰,工程项目管理M,北京大学出版社,2006年4 方俊,工程合同管理M,北京大学出版社,2006年 内容简介 家园百货商店是集超市、商场为一体的综合商店。第一层为生活超市;第二层为服装厅;第三层为鞋帽和百货厅。结构类型为钢筋混凝土框架结构,基础采用独立基础。新建办公楼基地30m50m。本工程建于长沙市中心区,面积大约4041,高16.5m ,主体三层,局部四层,一,二,三层层高为4.2 m,局部四层层高为3.3 m,主体采用混凝土框架结构。本工程抗震设防烈度为7度,类场地,设计地震分组为第一组。 文件组成
43、及目录 正文(共113页)、CAD图纸(共17张)、任务书、开题报告 毕业论文(设计)任务书 I毕业论文(设计)评阅表 VII毕业论文(设计)鉴定意见 IX目 录 XI家园百货商店设计 XIV第1章 建筑设计说明 11.1 概述 11.2 建筑平面设计 11.3 建筑立面设计 11.4 建筑剖面设计 2第2章 结构设计 32.1 工程概况与设计条件 32.1.1 工程名称 32.1.2 建设地点 32.1.3 工程概况 32.1.4 温度 32.1.5 相对湿度 32.1.6 主导风向 32.1.7 雨雪条件 32.1.8 地震设计烈度