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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中山大学834语言学概论C考研真题及解析.精品文档.图书描述【出版日期】2013年5月31日【教材名称】2014中山大学834语言学概论C考研复习精编全程备考 首选精品【编著】硕考官方、中大考研研究中心 编 【开本】大16开 【字数】107千字 【页数】234页 2014中山大学834语言学概论C考研复习精编编写说明复习精编是博学中大精品考研专业课系列辅导材料中的核心产品。本书严格依据学校官方最新指定参考书目，并结合考研的精华笔记、题库和内部考研资讯进行编写，是博学中大老师的倾力之作。通过本书，考生可以更好地把握复习的深度广度，核心考点的联系
2、区分，知识体系的重点难点，解题技巧的要点运用，从而高效复习、夺取高分。主要内容考试分析解析考题难度、考试题型、章节考点分布以及最新试题，作出考试展望等；复习之初即可对专业课有深度把握和宏观了解。复习提示揭示各章节复习要点、总结各章节常见考查题型、提示各章节复习重难点与方法。知识框架图构建章节主要考点框架、梳理全章主体内容与结构，可达到高屋建瓴和提纲挈领的作用。核心考点解析去繁取精、高度浓缩初试参考书目各章节核心考点要点并进行详细展开解析、以星级多寡标注知识点重次要程度便于高效复习。历年真题与答案解析反复研究近年真题，洞悉考试出题难度和题型；了解常考章节与重次要章节，有效指明复习方向。主要特色复
3、习精编具有以下特点：（1）立足教材，夯实基础。以指定教材为依据，全面梳理知识，注意知识结构的重组与概括。让考生对基本概念、基本定理等学科基础知识有全面、扎实、系统的理解、把握。（2）注重联系，强化记忆。复习指南分析各章节在考试中的地位和作用，并将各章节的知识体系框架化、网络化，帮助考生构建学科知识网络，串联零散的知识点，更好地实现对知识的存储,提取和应用。（3）深入研究，洞悉规律。深入考研专业课考试命题思路，破解考研密码，为考生点拨答题技巧。使用说明1、全面了解，宏观把握。备考初期，考生需要对复习精编中的考前必知列出的院校介绍、师资力量、就业情况、历年报录情况等考研信息进行全面了解，合理估量自
4、身水平，结合自身研究兴趣，科学选择适合自己的研究方向，为考研增加胜算。2、稳扎稳打，夯实基础。基础阶段，考生应借助复习精编中的考试分析初步了解考试难度、考试题型、考点分布，并通过最新年份的试题分析以及考试展望初步明确考研命题变化的趋势；通过认真研读复习指南、核心考点解析等初步形成基础知识体系，并通过做习题来进一步熟悉和巩固知识点，达到夯实基础的目的。做好充分的知识准备，过好基础关。3、强化复习，抓住重点。强化阶段，考生应重点利用复习精编中的复习指南（复习提示和知识点框架图）来梳理章节框架体系，强化背诵记忆；研读各章节的核心考点解析，既要纵向把握知识点，更应横向对比知识点，做到灵活运用、高效准确
5、。4、查缺补漏，以防万一。冲刺阶段，考生要通过巩固复习精编中的核心考点解析，并参阅备考方略，有效把握专业课历年出题方向、常考章节和重点章节，做到主次分明、有所侧重地复习，并加强应试技巧。5、临考前夕，加深记忆。临考前夕，应重点记忆核心考点解析中的五星级考点、浏览知识点框架图，避免考试时因紧张等心理问题而出现遗忘的现象，做到胸有成竹走向考场。考生体悟考生A：考研不像高考，有老师为我们导航，为我们答疑解惑，考研是一个人的战役，有一本好的教辅做武器，胜算便多了几分。博学版复习精编对知识点的归纳讲解还是很不错的，配合着教材复习，少了几分盲目。考生B：我是英语语言文学专业的考生，专业课基础较为薄弱，中山
6、大学又是名校，虽然不是跨考，但是本科所学教材与中山大学考研的指定教材不一样，博学版复习精编对指定教材分析得透彻，对我是很有指导和帮助作用的。考生C：本科院校和所学专业都不是我理想的，所以我信誓旦旦准备考研，跨考的压力很大，我又是不大善于总结归纳和分析的人，博学出品的教辅给我吃了一颗小小的定心丸，有对教材的讲解，更有对真题的详细解析，以及对出题规律的把握，相信我一定能考好！目 录 序言 考前必知一、学校简介二、学院概况三、专业介绍四、师资力量五、就业情况六、历年报录情况七、学费与奖学金八、住宿条件九、其他常见问题 考试分析一、考试难度二、考试题型三、考点分布四、试题分析五、考试展望 复习指南 核
7、心考点解析语言学教程（英文版）Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsChapter 2 Speech SoundsChapter 3 LexiconChapter 4 From Word to TextChapter 5 MeaningChapter 6 Language and CognitionChapter 7 Language, Culture, and SocietyChapter 8 Language in UseChapter 9 Language and LiteratureChapter 10 Language and ComputerCha
8、pter 11 Linguistics and Foreign Language TeachingChapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern LinguisticsQuestions&Answers from the Course Book 历年真题试卷与答案解析历年考研真题试卷中山大学2012年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题中山大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题中山大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题中山大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题中山大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题历年考研真题试卷答案解析中山大学2012
9、年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析中山大学2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析中山大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析中山大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析中山大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 备考方略一、高分备考方略（一）考研英语（二）考研政治（三）考研专业课二、辅导班推介（一）公共课（二）专业课三、教材与辅导书推介（一）公共课（二）专业课四、考研必备网站推荐 资料推介硕考网祝您2014中山大学考研金榜题名，加油！ 复习指南Chapter 12 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguis
10、tics一、本章复习提示本章主要介绍了语言学界各大流派的语言学观点以及其发展历史, 主要包括布拉格学派，伦敦学派，美国结构主义学派，以及转换生成学派等。作为教材的最后一章，本章的重要性不容小视，是教材的重中之中，难中之难的章节在历年的考题中，大题、填空题频繁出现，尤其是韩立德的系统功能语法以及伦敦学派，几乎是必考的内容。在复习上，建议考生要花时间重点对待本章，在理解的基础上要全面复习，背诵的内容要全而精，弄清每个学派的来龙去脉。二、本章知识框架图 核心考点解析一、IntroductionModern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist Ferdi
11、nand de Saussure, who is often described as “father of modern linguistics” and “a master of a discipline which he made modern”.Saussures ideas were developed along three lines: linguistics, sociology, and psychology.Saussure believed that language is a SYSTEM OF SIGNS. This SIGN is the union of a fo
12、rm and an idea, which Saussure called the SIGNIFIER and the SIGNIFIED.Many people believe that Saussure was also influenced by western economic theories of the time. His Linguistic theories on the nature of the linguistic sign, LANGUE vs. PAROLE, SYNTAGMATIC vs. PARADIGMATIC, and SYNCHRONIC vs. DIAC
13、HRONIC, can find their traces in the economic theories of European economists.二、The Prague School1. Introduction The Prague School can be traced back to its first meeting under the leadership of V. Mathesius in 1926. This school practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most impor
14、tant contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of function.2. Phonology and Phonological OppositionsThe Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology.The phonological oppositions can be summarized
15、as follows:(1) Bilateral oppositionIf the features which two phonemes share belong only to them, they are bilateral opposition.(2) Multilateral oppositionIt is a more loosely established relationship: /a/ and /i/ for instance are alike only to the extent that both are vowels, a quality shared by any
16、 other pairs o vowels.(3) Proportional oppositionTwo phonemes are proportional if the same contrastive features also serve as the differentiating criterion for other pairs of phonemes.(4) Isolated oppositionIf the contrastive feature is unique to the pair, that is, it is not a contrastive feature of
17、 any other pairs of phonemes in the language, the nthe phonemes are in isolated opposition.(5) Privative oppositionOne member of a contrastive pair may be characterized by the presence of a certain feature, the other by its absence.(6) Gradual oppositionIf the pairs share different degrees of a feat
18、ure, their relation is gradual opposition.(7) Equipollent oppositionIf the pair is not in gradual opposition, nor in privative opposition, they are logically equipollent.(8) Neutralisable oppositionThe opposition occurs when two sounds contrast in some positionsbut not in others.(9) Constant opposit
19、ionThe pair of sounds occurs in all possible positions without neutralizing effect.3. Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP)FUNCTIONAL SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE (FSP) is a theory of linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances or texts in terms of the information they contain. The princip
20、le is that the role of each utterance part is evaluated for its semantic contribution to the whole.(1) ThemeThe point of departure is equally present to the speaker and to the hearerit is the ground on which they meet and is called the THEME. (2) RhemeThe goal of discourse presents the very informat
21、ion that is to be imparted to the hearer, and is called the RHEME.(3) Communicative dynamismIn research into the relation between structure and function, J. Firbas developed the notion of COMMUNICATIVE DYNAMISM, based on the fact that linguistic communication is not a static phenomenon, but a dynami
22、c one.【更多精彩内容，详见2014中山大学834语言学概论C考研复习精编】 历年真题试卷与答案解析历年考研真题试卷中山大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：834科目名称：语言学概论C考生须知：全部答案一律写在答题纸上，答在试题纸上的不得分！请用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答。答题要写清题号，不必抄题。ITranscribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)1.writhe 2.sigh3.cupboard4.Confucian 5.al
23、lophone 6.parole7.langue 8.wives 9.anesthesia 10.odor II. Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)1.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has ,interpersonal and textual functions.2.There has been a maxim in which claims that “You are what you say.”3.The theory o
24、f conversational implicature was proposed by 4.Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the largest unit, takes as the basic unit.5. refers to a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.6.In lingui
25、stics, refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.7.At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have developed and become accepted as ways of structuring poems. Among them, co
26、nsists of lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.8.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as .9.Error is the grammatically incorrect form; appears when the language is correct grammatical
27、ly but improper in a communicational context.10.In research into the relation between structure and function, J. Firbas developed the notion of . This notion is based on the fact that linguistic communication is not a static phenomenon, but a dynamic one.11.In Halldays systemic Grammar, a system is
28、a list of things between which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called .12.The present system of the derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), and his colleagues at
29、University of London.13.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones .14.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing i
30、t refers to, or stands for, is known as the theory.15.At what point is meaning extracted from the words in a text? The reader is supposed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered; this is kn
31、own as the III. Define the following terms. (50 points)1.metalanguage2.distinctive features3.blending4.concord5.propositional logic6.gender difference7.perfomatives8.CALL9.validity 10.textual functionIV. Explain the following statements with examples. (30 points)1.Linguistics is not the only field c
32、oncerned with language. Other disciplines such as sociology, psychology, ethnography are also preoccupied with language.2.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language.3.Language is a mirror of the mind in a deep and significant sense.V. Answer the following qu
33、estions with examples where necessary. (45 points)1.Why should we teach or learn linguistics?2.What are the major types of language test?3. What is the main difference between literal language and figurative language?中山大学2008年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析科目代码：834科目名称：语言学概论C考生须知：全部答案一律写在答题纸上，答在试题纸上的不得分！请用蓝、黑色墨
34、水笔或圆珠笔作答。答题要写清题号，不必抄题。ITranscribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)1.writhe rai2.sigh saiII. Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)1.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has ideational ,interpersonal and te
35、xtual functions.2.There has been a maxim in quantity which claims that “You are what you say.”IV. Explain the following statements with examples. (30 points)1.Linguistics is not the only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as sociology, psychology, ethnography are also preoccupied
36、with language.KeySince language has both individual and social aspects, it is naturally of interest to psychologists and sociologists among others.Many psychologists are interested to investigate the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisiti
37、on for example, language development in the child, such as the theories of language acquisition; biological foundations of language, and b big topic-the relationship between language and cognition, so there are psycholinguistics.Socialists who are interested in the relations between language and soc
38、iety do researches concerned both sociology and linguistics, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users.When anthropologists enlisted the help of linguists to study unwritten languages, anthropology and linguistics became closely associated in the early da
39、ys of anthropological fieldwork. In contrast with other linguists, anthropological linguists are interested primarily in the history and structure of formerly unwritten languages. They are concerned with the emergence of language and also with the divergence of languages over thousands of years.Ther
40、efore, it is not surprising there are some branches of macrolinguistics that show an interdisciplinary nature.【其余答案详解，请看2014中山大学834语言学概论C考研复习精编】精品推荐一、考研专业课高端辅导班专业课视频班 报录分析+章节框架+重难点解析+考点串讲+真题精讲+高分技巧点拨一对一精英计划 一对一专属老师全程辅导+个性化全程复习方案+网络辅导+现场授课+视频授课+内部资料无忧通关计划 量身定制保过复习方案+签署保过协议+四大老师全程保过护航+加强版一对一全程辅导班+七大专享
41、雏鹰计划 适用大一大二考生+个性化全景规划+专属老师全程陪护辅导+阶段性作业、测验、答疑、课程回访 VIP高辅计划 全科课程内容+高端辅导体系+签署保录协议+全科权威师资力量+复试人脉与必过支持+内部资料二、考研公共课权威辅导班英语全程辅导班 （基础班+强化班+冲刺班+押题班+配套讲义）政治全程辅导班 （基础班+强化班+冲刺班+点睛班+配套讲义）三、教材与辅导书推介（一）公共课1.英语 张剑：历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路（即黄皮书） 世界图书出版公司2014十年考研英语真题全析全解 外语教育出版公司 2014考研英语词汇星火式巧记速记 外语教学与研究出版社NEW CONCEPT 3，4 即新
42、概念3，4 外语教学与研究出版社考研英语高分作文黄金模板 外语教育出版公司教育部考试中心的大纲解析 高等教育出版社 教育部考试中心的考试分析 高等教育出版社 2.政治 教育部考试中心：2014大纲解析 高等教育出版社 教育部考试中心：2014考试分析 高等教育出版社 红宝书：大纲解析 配套1600题 高等教育出版社任汝芬： 序列一 要点精编 西安交通大学出版社任汝芬： 序列二 模拟试题 西安交通大学出版社（二）专业课1.考研指定参考书目语言学教程（第3版，英文版）胡壮麟等主编，北京大学出版社，2006，9。2.辅导书：2014中山大学834语言学概论C考研复习精编硕考官方、中大考研研究中心 编
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