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1、会计学1高中高中(gozhng)英语语法不定式被动英语语法不定式被动Passive Voice第一页，共37页。一一. 复习被动语态复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice) 英语英语(yn y)动词有主动语态动词有主动语态(the active voice)和和被动语态被动语态(the passive voice)两种形式。两种形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： The boss made the workers work long hours.(主动语态主动语态)
2、The workers were made to work long hours.(被动语态被动语态)第1页/共37页第二页，共37页。Music is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.转换规则：转换规则： 用公式用公式(gngsh)表示为表示为:(主动主动) S+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如：如： Miss Li is teaching music now. 第2页/共37页第三页，共37页。一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am/is/are given过去过去was/were given 将来将来shall/will be
3、 given时时式式二二.常见常见(chn jin)主被动时态变化一览表主被动时态变化一览表am/is/are being givenhas/have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been given第3页/共37页第四页，共37页。1. English is spoken all over the world.2. The water is being turned into vapour.3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.4. He was seen
4、to enter the room.5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.第4页/共37页第五页，共37页。第5页/共37页第六页，共37页。不定式被动式的用法不定式被动式的用法(yn f):不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动(bidng)关系时关系时,要用要用不定式的被动不定式的被动(bidng)式。式。不定式的一般被动不定式的一般被动(bidng)式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者动作的承受者,又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发
5、生或在其后发生同时发生或在其后发生;不定式的完成被动不定式的完成被动(bidng)式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式式即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者动作的承受者,又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。动作之前。第6页/共37页第七页，共37页。e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月内建成这座桥。他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般一般(ybn)被动式被动式)She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的帮助得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。
6、她很高兴。(完成被动式完成被动式)第7页/共37页第八页，共37页。一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式主动主动to doto be doingto have done被动被动to be doneto have been done第8页/共37页第九页，共37页。(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance.(2) The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.(3) This house
7、 seems to have been built by a good architect.More examples:第9页/共37页第十页，共37页。通常在通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成等动词构成的句子的句子(j zi)中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said that Mike is sick in bed.Mike is said to be sick in bed.据
8、说麦克据说麦克(mi k)卧床不起卧床不起.第10页/共37页第十一页，共37页。People believe that he was killed.It is believed that he was killed.He is believed to have been killed.大家大家(dji)相信他被杀了相信他被杀了.第11页/共37页第十二页，共37页。当不定式的逻辑当不定式的逻辑(lu j)主语是不定式所表示的动作的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时承受者时, 不定式一般要采用被动形式。不定式一般要采用被动形式。一、一、 不定式的被动不定式的被动(bidng)形式有下列形式有下
9、列用法用法:1. 作主语：作主语： It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.2. 作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3. 构成构成(guchng)复合宾语：复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.第12页/共37页第十三页，共37页。4. 构成复合构成复合(fh)谓语：谓语： The books are not allowed
10、 to be taken out of the room.5. 作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6. 作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.第13页/共37页第十四页，共37页。二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式, 在句中作在句中作主语主语(zhy)、宾语、定语、宾语、定语, 或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。It is a good thing for
11、him to have been criticized. (主语主语(zhy)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
12、(定语定语)第14页/共37页第十五页，共37页。三、不定式的主动形式三、不定式的主动形式(xngsh)表表示被动示被动1. 在在there be结构中。例如结构中。例如(lr)：There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible，nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit
13、, interesting，important, expensive, cheap, dangerous等。如：等。如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with第15页/共37页第十六页，共37页。3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”结构结构(jigu)中。如：中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out/ (to be worked out) The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”
14、结构结构(jigu)中。例如：中。例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema第16页/共37页第十七页，共37页。5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如：当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如：I have a letter to type today(I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6. 当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构
15、中时。例如：结构中时。例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式(xngsh)。常见的这类。常见的这类动词有动词有let(出租出租), rent, hire, blame等。例如：等。例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.第17页/共37页第十八页，共37页。NOTICE动词不定式
16、主动语态形式的使用要比被动动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍语态形式的使用普遍, 有时有时(尤其在口语中尤其在口语中)虽然意思虽然意思(y s)上是被动的上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态也往往用主动语态形式来表示。形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.第18页/共37页第十九页，共37页。1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (M
17、ET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.
18、 (MET2001) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen不定式与高考题不定式与高考题B B B 第19页/共37页第二十页，共37页。4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way
19、 home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy muchC A 第20页/共37页第二十一页，共37页。6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to7. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to
20、buy. (1999上海高考上海高考(o ko) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosingA B 第21页/共37页第二十二页，共37页。8. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季年北京春季(chnj)高考高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected pr
21、esident is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季年上海春季(chnj)高考高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledA C 第22页/共37页第二十三页，共37页。10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季上海春季(chnj)高考高考) A. to have played B.
22、to play C. to be played D. to be playing11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are trying _ their products more competitive. (2002上海春季上海春季(chnj)高考高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having madeB A 第23页/共37页第二十四页，共37页。)D C 第24页/共37页第二十五页，共37页
23、。 14. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone15. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D. to have been studying16. It is said
24、 in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. what to do with it B. what to do it with C. what to do with D. to do what with itD A A 第25页/共37页第二十六页，共37页。17. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken. A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having str
25、uck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike18. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing19. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. restD A C 第26页/
26、共37页第二十七页，共37页。20. Last summer I took a course on _.A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made21. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat22. The flu is believed _ by viruses that
27、 like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (04) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have causedA C C 第27页/共37页第二十八页，共37页。23. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be break
28、ing24. The tools in the workshop are not allowed _. A. taking out B. to take out C. to be taken out D. being taken outB C 第28页/共37页第二十九页，共37页。25. The dam _ by the year 2010, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed D. to be completed26. Here we found little snow
29、, as most of it seemed _ blown off the mountain. A. to have been B. to be C. that it was D. that it had beenD A 第29页/共37页第三十页，共37页。27. He said such a thing ought _ to happen. A. to be not allowed B. not to be allowing C. not to have allowed D. not to be allowed28. She told me that her proposal neede
30、d _ into consideration. A. to take B. to be taken C. to be taking D. to have takenD B 第30页/共37页第三十一页，共37页。29. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Adudon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set upC 第3
31、1页/共37页第三十二页，共37页。30. Large sums of money _ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures. A. have spent B. have to be spent C. have to spend D. spendB 第32页/共37页第三十三页，共37页。1. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京北京(bi jn)卷卷) A. to welcome B. welco
32、ming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed高考高考(o ko)链接链接C 第33页/共37页第三十四页，共37页。2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西江西(jin x)卷卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained3. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to stru
33、ggle _. (07浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heardD A 第34页/共37页第三十五页，共37页。4. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海上海) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused5. The news reporters h
34、urried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. (2004福建福建) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. toldC B 第35页/共37页第三十六页，共37页。6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (1992 全国全国(qun u) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking7. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to _. (1988 全国全国(qun u) A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat onA B 第36页/共37页第三十七页，共37页。