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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流Mba,mpa,mpacc联考英语语法介词.精品文档. Mba,mpa,mpacc联考英语词汇介词【mba加油站】一、介词的定义和分类介词又叫前置词，一般置于名词之前，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词与其他句子成分的关系。介词按构成可以分为简单介词、复合介词和短语介词:介词按意义可以分为表示地点的介词、表示时间的介词、表示方式的介词、表示原因的介词等。1.简单介词简单介词是由一个单词构成的介词。如about， above, across, against, along, among,around, at, before, behind, be
2、low, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, down, during,except，for， from, in, inside, like, of, off， on, over, near, past， round, since,through, till，to，towards， under，until， up, with, per，plus， via, despite， inc1uding, considering, regarding,concerning 等。2. 复合介词复合介词是由两个介词构成的。如throughout， withi
3、n, without, into,upon 等。3. 短语介词短语介词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的介词。如: according to, along with， apart from， as for, as to, because of, by means of, due to, except fo民far from. for the sake of. inspite of, instead of, out of, previous to, with regard to 等。二、介词短语的语法功能介词不能单独使用，但可以和其他词类或成分构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语
4、补足语、宾语，有时也可以作主语或同位语。1.介词短语作定语A friend in need is a friend indeed.She seems to know the solution to the problem.2. 介词短语作状语In all probability, he will decline your invitation.I arrived at the concert hall in good time.He lives somewhere in this neighborhood.3. 介词短语作表语His absence is due to the rain.The
5、 decision is of great importance to us.4. 介词短语作宾语补足语When he came to, he found himself in the hospital.Please sit down and make yourself at home.5. 介词短语作介词的宾语A cat appeared from under the table.He didnt come back until after midnight.6. 介词短语作主语From infancy to manhood is an impontant period.From here
6、to there is a short distance.7. 介词短语作同位语He works all day, that is to say,from 8 am to 8 pm. 三、常见（短语）介词的用法辨析1. at, in, on 表示时间的区别at 表示点时刻可以和小时、时刻、节日名称等连用in 表示段时刻可以和年、月、季节、上午、下午等连用on 表示特定的时间，可以和周、日、节日、上午、下午、晚上等连用。at seven oclockl2:25am/midnight/dawn/noon/breakfast/Christmas/Easterin 2010/March/spring/
7、the moming/the late afternoonon Monday/ April 5/New Years Day/Christmas Eve/a cold night/Friday moming2. till, until, to(1)在from.to.结构中， to可以和till， until 互换使用。He stayed from Monday to/till/until Friday.The street is full of traffic from morning to/till/until night.(2) 在表示离某一事情还有多少时间，把.推迟到某一时间时，可以用to
8、或till。It is only half an hour to/till supper.He postponed the visit to/till next week.(3) until 为正式用语，可用于句首; till 是口语用法，一般不能用于句首;与瞬间动词连用时， till, until 要用于否定结构。I waited until/till l0 oclock, but he didnt come.Until last month, I knew nothing about it.He didnt come back until/till midnight.Id like to
9、stay here (up) until/till Christmas.3. in， at， on 表示地点和位置的区别( 1 ) at 表示空间的一点; in 表示在某一范围、空间内。I met her at the bus stop.They arrived at the village at noon.She is still living in New York.There are 1,000 seats in the theater.He will be at the theater at 8:30.(2) 把某个机构看作一个机关或组织时用at ，看作一个具体的地方时用in。She
10、is at Oxford. (她在牛津大学读书。)She is in Oxford. (她在牛津居住。)(3)门牌号码前用at; road 前用on; street 前用in 或on。Alice lives at 103 Wall Street.The accident happened in/on this street, not on that road. 4. under与below， beneath, underneath, over，above， on(1) on 和undemeath 互为反义词，表示某物紧贴在另一物之上(下) ，即两者相接触。There is a magazine
11、 on the desk.There is a piece of paper underneath the dictionary.(2) over 和under 互为反义词，表示物在另一物正上(下)方表示的是一种垂直概念，一般没有接触的含义。Lets have a rest under the tree.The water flows under the bridge.There is a bridge over the river.The lamp hung over the table.(3) above 和below 互为反义词，表示物在另一物之上(下) ，既不表示两者相接触，也不表示垂
12、直概念。The plane is flying above us.The sun has sunk below the horizon.(4) beneath 表示某物在另一物之下既可以指垂直和不垂直的概念，也可以表示上下相接触，可以和under ， below, undemeath 互换使用。She was standing beneath/under a tree.Beneath/below the mountain was a sea of forest.The mans body was buried beneath/underneath a pile of leaves.5. exc
13、ept, but, besides, except for, apart from( 1 ) except, but 可以互换使用，表示除去，不包含强调不包括在内一般表示同类之间的关系。They all passed the exam except/but Tom.She saw nothing except/but snow.(2) besides 表示除了还有飞强调包含在内。Besides Mary, there are maoy others atteodiog the meeting.Besides John, there will be five of us for dinner.【
14、注意】当besides 和否定词连用时，可以和except 互换使用。She has no relatives besides/but/except ao old aunt.No one writes to me besides/but/except you.(3) except for 也表示除. .之外指对某种基本情况进行部分细节的修正，表示不同类之间的关系。Your composition is good except for several spelling mistakes.The room is empty except for a few chairs.The road was
15、empty except for a few cars.( 4) apart from 可以和except， but, besides, except for 互换使用。Apart from/Except for his nose, he is quite good-looking.He had to one to take care of him apart from/besides/but/except his uncle.Apart from/besides injuries to his face, one of his legs was broken.6. between, amon
16、g, amid(st)这三个介词都表示在之间。( 1 ) between 用于指两个或两个以上各自独立的人或物，用于表示两个以上之间时，实际上仍是指其中一个与其他中间一个之间的关系。What is the difference between A and B？The city lies between a river and hills.Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.The boy has already knowo the difference between gases, solids aod liq
17、uids.(2) among 用于指三个或三个以上作为整体的人或物，通常表示在同类中。The Yangtze is among the longest rivers in the world.I was among the last persons to leave.The soldier was found among the dead.(3)表示地位基本相同的共有，共同;分配等概念时，用between 可以指两者或两者以上。指两者以上时， between 和among 同义。The cake was divided between/among the children.They four
18、settled the question between/among them.Between/Among the three companies, the project was fmished on time.( 4) amid(st)可以指三个或三个以上的人或物，但通常表示在异类中。 amid(st)后面还可以接表示质量、性质的抽象名词， among 不可以。The soldier was found amidst the dead.Amidst confusion, he forgot to say goodbye.He felt his way amidst the darkness
19、.7. because of, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of( 1 ) because of, owing to, due to, on account of 的意义基本相同，都可以表示因为、由于的意思，构成的介词短语在句中作状语或表语。Because of ，owing to，due to，on account of the heavy rain, he was late for class.His illness was because of/owing to/due to/on account of his bad habits.(
20、2)thanks to 表示的原因侧重于幸亏，多亏的意思，构成的介词短语在句中只能作状语，不能作表语。Thanks to your timely help, we fmished the work on time.Thanks to the bad weather, the meeting was cancelled.8. across, through, along, up, down( 1) across 表示从表面通过，指从一端到另一端形成十字交叉穿过through 则表示从物体中间穿过，通过的是三维空间along 表示沿着一条线平行行进。He walked along the road
21、.The river was frozen， so they could go across the ice.They hoped to walk through the forest before sunset.He swam across/through the river.(2) up 和down 互为反义词， up 表示由下而上，在高处，从乡下到城市、从南方到北方、从沿海到内地、从市区到住宅区， down 表示的意思正好相反。The car was running up/down the hill.The town is stuated upldown the river.She we
22、nt up north for summer.They have gone down to the country.She will go down the coast for her holidays.Henry lived up town and came down town every day.(3) 在不明确具体的方向而只表示沿路、街、巷行进时， up 和down 可以互换使用，相当于along。He saw an old man walking slowly along the road.I took my dog for a walk along the river.9. in,
23、during, for( 1 )表示在.期间时， during 和in 通常可以互换，但during 后接特指的名词，in 既可接特指的名词，也可接泛指的名词。They lived abroad during/in the war.What did you say during/in my absence?Some birds fly to the south in summer.(2 )表示在(某事)进行过程中的某一时间时，只能用during ，与during 连用的名词有visit， meal, concert, service， voyage, stay 等。The phone rang
24、 during the meal.He met his old friend during his visit to HongKong.Her husband was taken to hospital during the night.(3) during 可以指一段不大确定的时间， for 则表示一段具体的时间，指某一动作持续多久。后接由the whole 引起的表示时间的名词短语时，二者可以互换。When did he die? -During the last war.How long did you live there? -For about three years.He stay
25、ed there for/during the whole summer.10. in， afterin，after 都可表示. .之后。(1) in 后接段时表示从现在某一时刻为起点的将来一段时间后，常用于将来时态; after 后接段时表示从过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后，多用于一般过去时态。You wi11 feel better in a few days(=by the time a few days have passed).After a few days(=After a fewd days had passed) I felt much better.Shell be le
26、aving in an hour.She left after an hour.(2) in 不能和点时刻连用。After 可与点时刻连用，既可用于一般过去时态，也可用于将来时态。They started working after 10 last night.A new treaty will be signed after the first of March.四、常见介词惯用短语的意义1. above 构成的惯用短语above all 最重要的是 above/over ones head 难以理解above/beyond/without price 价值连城 above/beyond r
27、eproach 无可厚非above suspicion 无可怀疑2. at 构成的惯用短语at a loss 迷惑，茫然 at a price 以高价at cost 按成本价 at first g1ance/sight 乍一看at (ones) ease 放松，舒适 at hand 在手头，在附近，即将发生at home 自由，无拘束 at intervals 间或，时而at large 自由的，详细的 at least 至少at (ones) leisure 清闲，方便 at length 终于，详细地at most 至多 at ones convenience 方便时at peace 平静
28、 at random 随意，任意at rest 静止，安宁 at sbs service 随时帮助某人at sea 在海上，茫然 at war 交战中at will 随意 at work 在工作3. beyond 构成的惯用短语beyond words 难以言表 beyond/above comprehension 无法理解beyond /past hope 毫无希望 beyond betief 难以置信beyond control 难以控制 beyond dispute 无可争辩beyond comparison 无可比拟 beyond/without doubt 无可怀疑beyond de
29、scription 难以形容 beyond/out of recognition 难以辨认4. by 构成的惯用短语by chance/accident 偶然，意外地 by day/night 白天(夜间)by degrees 逐渐地 by hand 以手工，传递by heart 凭记性 by mistake 弄错by name 名叫 by request 应要求by turns 轮流地，逐个地5.for 构成的惯用短语for all虽然，尽管 for fun 取乐，开玩笑for good 永久，永远 for life终身for sale 待售 for short 简称，简写for sure/
30、certain 无疑 for the time being 暂时6. in 构成的惯用短语in addition 另外 in all 总共，总计in (full)bloom (草本植物)开花 in blossom (树木)开花in brief/short 简而言之 in chorus 同时，一起in conclusion 最后 in debt 欠债in disguise 伪装的，假装的 in broad daylight 光天化日in due course 在适当的时候，最终 in doubt 不肯定的，怀疑的in eamest 认真地 in essence 本质上in fact 事实上 in
31、 fashion 流行，时髦in flower 处于开花期 in force 大量的，有效的in full 全部地，全面地，无省略地 in fun 取乐，开玩笑in general 一般来说 in hand 随时可用，在控制下in haste 匆忙 in love 恋爱in luck 走运 in operation 生效in order 妥当的，能用的 in other words 换言之in part 部分地 in particular 尤其in print 已出版，可买到 in progress 进行中in public 公开地，公然地 in ruins 破旧不堪in secret 偷偷的
32、，暗地的 in shape 健康in stock 有货 in tears 流泪in time 及时，迟早 in touch 有联系in trouble 处于困境 in turn 一次地in use 在使用中 in vain 徒劳的 7. on 构成的惯用短语on(the) average 平均 on business 因公on display/show/view 在展示 on duty/watch 值班on frre 着火 on guard 警戒on hand 现有，随时可用 on holiday/vocation 在度假on leave 在休假 on parade 在游行，接受检阅on pu
33、rpose 故意 on sale 出售，上市on service 在服役 on strike 在罢工on the air 广播 on the alert/watch 警惕，提防on the contrary 相反 on the increase/decrease 在增长(减少)on the run 逃跑，忙碌 on the spot 当场，在现场on the way 在途中 on trial 在试验中 8. out of构成的惯用短语out of control/hand 失去控制 out of danger 脱险out of date/fashion 过时，不流行 out of debt 不
34、欠债out of luck 不走运 out of necessity 出于必要out of order 出故障，不正常 out of patience 不耐烦out of pity 出于同情 out of place 不适当out of practice 疏于练习 out of print 绝版out of season 未上市，不当令 out of sight 看不见out of shape 变形，不健康 out of step 不一致out of stock 缺货的 out of the ordinary 不正常，特殊out of trouble 摆脱麻烦 out of work 失业9.
35、 to 楠成的惯用短语to ones advantage 对某人有利 to ones disappointment 使人失望to ones face 当某人面 to ones joy 使人高兴to ones regret 使人后悔 to ones relief 使人欣慰to ones satisfaction 使人满意 to ones shame 使人惭愧to ones surprise 使人吃惊 to ones taste 合胃口to some extent/degree 在某种程度上 to the contrary 相反10. under 构成的惯用短语under age 未成年 unde
36、r attack 遭到攻击under consideration 在考虑中 under construction 在建设中under control 在控制中 under development 在研发中under discussion 在讨论中 under examination 在审查中under fire 遭到射击 under investigation 在调查中under repair 在修理中 under sail在航行中under treatment 在治疗中 under way 在进行中五、常见介词短语用法辨析1. on time, in time, in good timeon
37、 time 意为按时，准时; in time 意为及时、迟早; in good time 意为尽早，提前。The train pulled in on time.They were just in time for the last train.In time you will forget him.Let me know in good time if you need any help.2. out of question, out of the questionout of question 意为毋庸置疑”，一般作状语; out of the question 意为不值得讨论的，不可能的
38、”，一般作表语。He is out of question the best student in the c1ass.A new bicyc1e is out of the questionwe cant afford it.Its out of the question to ask him to help.3. at a time, at one time, at timesat a time 意为依次，每次；at one time 意为“曾经，一度”，与一般过去时连用；at times意为有时，偶尔，与一般现在时连用。Please come in one at a time, not
39、all together.They used to be good friends at one time.At one time Nigeria was a British colony.I like Bob, but hes very annoying at times.4. in the corner, on the corner，around the cornerin the comer 指在室内的角落；on the comer 指在街道的拐角处；around the comer指在附近或即将来临。She saw a man sitting in the corner of the r
40、oom.There is a bookstore on the corner of the street.His house is just around the corner.Christmas is around the corner.5. to/in/at/on the+方位名词+of+地点名词in 表示在界内，有在其中的意思；to 和at 表示在界外，有在其外的意思;on 表示交界。Japan lies to/at the east of China.Japan lies in tbe east of Asia.China is boarded on the north by Russ
41、ia.North Korea is on the east of China.6. on the air，in the airon the air 意为广播，发表广播演说的 ；in the air 意为在流传中，未确定的。The president went on the air at 8 p.m. last night.The statement frrst went on the air last week.Rumors have been in the air.Our plans are still in the air.7. in the sun, under the sunin th
42、e sun 作状语，意为在阳光下; under the sun 用于加强语气，意为天底下，在世界上、到底，究竟。He sat in the sun reading a novel.What under the sun did you mean?He is the last person under the sun that I want to see.8. in a way, in the way, on the wayin a way 意为在某种程度上; in the way 意为妨碍，使人不便; on the way 意为在途中。In a way, we have already take
43、n the first step.I am afraid your car is in the way.I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.You had better be on the way soon.9. in turn, in returnin turn 意为依次，逐个地或转而，反过来 ; in return 意为作为回报。The girls called out their names in turn.Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.What do we give them in return?He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.10. in a word, in word, in wordsin a word 意为总而言之; in word 意为表面，在口头上; in words 意为用语言。In a word, he has tried his best.He is a friend in word only.She cant express her idea in words.