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1、会计学1动词动词(dngc)不定式高考总复习用不定式高考总复习用第一页，共23页。 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To persevere means victory! 注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语(kuy)中，常采用先行中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：代替主语，而把不定式后置： Its a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 注：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某
2、些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：注：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如： It took us five hours to get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.第1页/共23页第二页，共23页。第2页/共23页第三页，共23页。1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would
3、be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示引导的名词性从句表示(biosh)，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：，后面的不定式说明其内容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter.
4、 My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，如：，如： All we have to do is push the button. The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. All I could do was send him a telegram. 第3页
5、/共23页第四页，共23页。1“动词动词 + 带带 to 的不定式结构的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：。这类动词常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如：等，例如： Ive arranged to meet
6、him at ten oclock. I didnt expect to find you here.2“动词动词 + 疑问词疑问词 + 带带 to 的不定式结构的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。等。 疑问词（也称连接代疑问词（也称连接代/副词副词(
7、fc)）有：）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如：除外），如： I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I havent decided whether to sell it or not. We must find out what to do next / where to put it.第4页/共23页第五页，共23页。注注 ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先
8、行：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：，把不定式后置，例如： I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.注注 ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合只有在个别场合, 即在含有即在含有(hn yu)否定意义的带有介词否定意义的带有介词 except 或或 but (=except) 的结构中才能
9、这样用，例如：的结构中才能这样用，例如： He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. The child did nothing except weep. She can do anything but sing. He will do anything for you except lend you money. They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive. 注意不定式符号的省略问题！注意不定式符号的省略问题！ 第5页/共23页第六页，共23页。1不定式作定语通常只能放在被
10、修饰的名词之后，如：不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如： Its time to go to bed. He is not a man to bow before difficulties. Have you anything to declare? She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening. I want to get something to read during the vocation.2能带不定式结构作宾语能带不定式结构作宾语(bny)的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：的动词，转
11、化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如： I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight. She promised not to do that again. She made a promise not to do that again.第6页/共23页第七页，共23页。3某些能带不定式结构作状
12、语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如： He was obviously anxious to go. His anxiety to go was obvious.4不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如： He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不
13、及物动词，它后面(hu mian)应加上必要的介词，如：应加上必要的介词，如： She has a lot of things to attend to. The nurse has five children to look after. Lets first find a room to put the things in.5有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前加上有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前加上for + 名词词组，如：名词词组，如： Heres a book for you to read. He gave orders for the visito
14、rs to be shown in. 第7页/共23页第八页，共23页。 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰不定式结构可以作状语，修饰(xish)动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。第8页/共23页第九页，共23页。第9页/共23页第十页，共23页。第10页/共23页第十一页，共23页。 有时，不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当于一个并列限定动词词组，这种不定式结构也表示结果，如：有时，不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当于一个并列限定动词词组，这种不定式结构也表示结果，如： She woke early to find
15、 it was raining. He got home to learn that his father was ill. 这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点：这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点： 不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定动词词组，如：不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定动词词组，如： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. He arrived late and found the others had gone home. 不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。不定式根据是
16、否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。 He left his native country (,) never to return. He returned home (,) to find his father lying sick in bed. 不定式所表示的结果往往含有不定式所表示的结果往往含有“令人意想不到令人意想不到(y xing b do)”的意味，其中以的意味，其中以“使人不愉快的结果使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。（有时也可以表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果），如：较为常见。（有时也可以表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果），如： He went home to find his old frie
17、nd George waiting for him.第11页/共23页第十二页，共23页。 不定式之前有时可以加上不定式之前有时可以加上only或或but only，以加强语气，如：，以加强语气，如： He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似，这时，须根据注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似，这时，须根据词汇词汇(chu)意义认真加以区别，试比较：意义认真加以
18、区别，试比较： He arrived late to find the others had gone home. ( = He arrived late and found the others had gone home.) He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert. ( = He arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.) He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. He went to the station to inqui
19、re about the times of trains. ( = He went to the station in order to inquire about the times of trains.)第12页/共23页第十三页，共23页。 Dont force yourself to write when you have nothing to say. He believed the earth to be a globe. Did you see a young man enter the house?1只能只能(zh nn)用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词：用不定式结构作宾语补足语
20、的动词： 表示表示“希望希望”“愿望愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：等心理状态的动词，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, encourage, trust 等。等。 What do you desire me to do? The director preferred her to act the old lady. 含有含有“让让”“允许允许”“促使促使”“致使致使”等祈使意义的动词，如：等祈使意义的动词，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。等。 We
21、mustnt let this happen again. His father put him to mind the sheep. 带有带有“请求请求”“恳求恳求”等感情色彩的动词，如：等感情色彩的动词，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。等。 He begged me not to tell his father about it. She was always worrying her father to take her to Paris.第13页/共23页第十四页，共23页。 含有含有“建议建议”“劝告劝告”等意义等意义(yy)
22、的动词，如：的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。等。 He urged us to accept the compromise. The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out. 含有含有“命令命令”“强迫强迫”“禁止禁止”等意义等意义(yy)的动词，如：的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。等。 He required us to keep it a
23、 secret. The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days. I warn you not to do that again. 其他还有：其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。等。 He promised to teach me to swim. We should train them to make use of reference books. We are waiting for the train to sto
24、p.第14页/共23页第十五页，共23页。第15页/共23页第十六页，共23页。第16页/共23页第十七页，共23页。例如：例如：Who heard him say that? They invited us to go there this summer. 如果不定式所表示如果不定式所表示(biosh)的动作在谓语所表示的动作在谓语所表示(biosh)的动作之前发生，这个不定式就要用完成式，如：的动作之前发生，这个不定式就要用完成式，如： Im glad to have seen your mother. (cf. Im glad to see you. )1构成复合谓语，如：构成复合谓语，
25、如： He is said to have written a new book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.) The enemy was reported to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.) She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)第17
26、页/共23页第十八页，共23页。2在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语，如：在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语，如： You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.) Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.) She was very glad to have done something for th
27、e people.3在某些动词后作宾语，如：在某些动词后作宾语，如： He pretended not to have seen me. I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.4有时还可以有时还可以(ky)作主语、定语或构成复合宾语，如：作主语、定语或构成复合宾语，如： It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village.（主语）（主语） So you are the one to have cleaned all these rooms.（
28、定语）（定语） They thought it a pity not to have invited her.（复合宾语）（复合宾语） She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work. （复合宾语）（复合宾语） 第18页/共23页第十九页，共23页。1构成复合谓语，如：构成复合谓语，如： They are said to be building another bridge across the river. They seem to be getting along quite well. I happened to be going
29、 that way too.2在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如：在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如： We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.3在某些动词后作宾语，如：在某些动词后作宾语，如： He pretended to be listening attentively.4有时有时(yush)可以作主语或状语，如：可以作主语或状语，如： I am glad to be working with you. (状语状语) Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语主语) 第19页/共23页第二十页，共23页。第2
30、0页/共23页第二十一页，共23页。1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语作定语(dngy)： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.第21页/共23页第二十二页，共23页。第22页/共23页第二十三页，共23页。