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1、会计学1高中英语语法高中英语语法动词动词(dngc)ing形式形式的用法的用法第一页,共41页。Have you ever seen these signs?parking, spitting, littering, smoking-ing forms第1页/共41页第二页,共41页。1. 动词动词-ing形式的构成形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加是在动词末尾加-ing 形式构成形式构成, 因此又叫动词的因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。形式。如如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式否定形式: not+ -ing 构成构成2. 动词动词-ing形式不能
2、单独作谓语形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和没有人称和数的变化数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有还有时态和语态时态和语态(y ti)的变化。的变化。3. 动词动词-ing形式由动词加形式由动词加-ing变化而成变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以在句中可以作主语、宾语等。作主语、宾语等。第2页/共41页第三页,共41页。主语主语(zhy)宾语宾语(bny)定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语第3页/共41页第四页,共41页。一、动词一、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态表示经常的、习
3、惯性的动作或状态, 谓语谓语(wiy)动词通常用单数。如:动词通常用单数。如: 1)Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2)Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 3)Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 4)Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 第4页/共41页第五页,共41页。2. -ing形式作主语时常后置形式作主语时常后置, 此时须
4、用此时须用it作形式主作形式主语语, 用形容词或名词作表语。用形容词或名词作表语。常见常见(chn jin)的名词或名词短语有的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等等; 形容词有形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。等。归纳归纳: 常用常用-ing形式形式(xngsh)作主语的句型有:作主语的句型有:It +be +a waste of time doing It is/was no good/use doing It is/
5、was hardly/scarcely worth doing It is/was worth/worthwhile doing There is no doing.无法无法; 不允许不允许第5页/共41页第六页,共41页。做做无意义无意义第6页/共41页第七页,共41页。Try to tell the meaning of each sentence.第7页/共41页第八页,共41页。注意注意: There is no need to do sth 没必要没必要(byo)做某事做某事, 在此句式中在此句式中to do 不可换为不可换为doing.There is no need to tel
6、l her. 提示提示: 当动名词用作主语时当动名词用作主语时, 其逻辑主语由其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1)My sisters being ill made me worried.2)Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.第8页/共41页第九页,共41页。动名词与不定式做主语时的比较:动名词与不定式做主语时的比较:动名词表示的动作通常是一个动名词表示的动作通常是一个(y )习惯性的长期进行习惯性的长期进行的动作的动作, 不定式则通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。不定式则
7、通常表示动作的一次性或短暂性。e.g.1)Teaching English is my job.2)Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.3)To reach there on time is my task.第9页/共41页第十页,共41页。二、动名词用作宾语二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。动名词作宾语有两种情况。1. 只能后接只能后接-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词(dngc), 常见的有常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, d
8、elay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。等。e.g.1)I cant avoid going2)Have you considered looking for one special friend?3)People couldnt help laughing foolish man第10页/共41页第十一页,共41页。2. 既可接既可接-ing
9、和和to do作宾语的动词作宾语的动词, 常见的有常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget,remember, hate等。等。A. 在在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后,等动词之后,用用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是只是(zhsh)侧重侧重点有些不同点有些不同, ing表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作, to do表示具体的一次性动作。表示具体的一次性动作。B. 在在 begin/start, continue之后之后, 用动名词和用动名词
10、和不定式不定式, 意义没有什么不同意义没有什么不同, 尤其是当主语是尤其是当主语是人的时候。人的时候。 第11页/共41页第十二页,共41页。C. 在动词在动词forget, remember, regret之后之后, 用用动名词与不定式意义动名词与不定式意义(yy)不同。不同。-ing 表示动作已经发生表示动作已经发生,-to do 表示动作还没发生;表示动作还没发生;I remember posting the letterIll remember to post the letterI shall never forget seeing the famous writerDont for
11、get to write to your motherI regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your advice第12页/共41页第十三页,共41页。D. 意义各不相同意义各不相同try to do (设法设法(shf) mean to do (打算打算, 有意要做有意要做) try doing (试试试试) mean doing (意思是意思是, 意味着意味着)be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不
12、住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事E. go on doing 继续做一直继续做一直(yzh)在做的事在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。接着做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。停下正在干的事去干另一件事。第13页/共41页第十四页,共41页。3. 在介词后接动名词作宾语在介词后接动名词作宾语1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face3
13、) She was very interested in working for our company注:下列短语中的注:下列短语中的to都是介词都是介词, 所以动词所以动词(dngc)要要接接-ing形式形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。等。 第14页/共41页第十五页,共41页。第15页/共41页第十六页,共41页。第16页/共41页第十七页,共41页。2. ing 形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名
14、词之放在所修饰的名词之后后, 并且在意思并且在意思(y s)上相当于一个定语从句。上相当于一个定语从句。1)They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2)The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3)Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is sw
15、imming in this river will be fined. 第17页/共41页第十八页,共41页。, 第18页/共41页第十九页,共41页。第19页/共41页第二十页,共41页。第20页/共41页第二十一页,共41页。2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 表示表示(biosh)感觉和心理状态的动词感觉和心理状态的动词, 常见的有常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。 a. We saw a light burning in the w
16、indow. b. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. c. Can you smell anything burning? d. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. e. I didnt notice him waiting.第21页/共41页第二十二页,共41页。2) 表示指使意义的动词表示指使意义的动词(dngc), 常见的有常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如:等。如:I wont have you d
17、oing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.第22页/共41页第二十三页,共41页。3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形式形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别: 前者前者(qin zh)表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行, 而后者表示而后者表示(或强调或强调) 动作从开始到结束的全过程。如动作从开
18、始到结束的全过程。如:We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室我们走过教室, 看见老师在做实验。看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间只在走过教室的刹那间, 看见老师正在做实验看见老师正在做实验)第23页/共41页第二十四页,共41页。 五、-ing形式作表语 -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后, 用来泛指某种动作或行为, 以说明主语的身份(shn fen)、性质或情况。1) Her hobby is painting. 2) My job is looking after the
19、 children.3) His concern for his mother is most touching.4) She was very pleasing in her appearance.第24页/共41页第二十五页,共41页。六六.现在分词现在分词(fn c)作状语作状语现在现在(xinzi)分词作状语时分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在否则不能用现在(xinzi)分词作状语。分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化但要注意它的各种形式变化:
20、主动形式主动形式(xngsh) 被动形式被动形式(xngsh) V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式第25页/共41页第二十六页,共41页。e. g. 1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. (听见和进入两个动作同时发生听见和进入两个动作同时发生)2) The building being built now is our new library. (being built为现在分词的被动形式为现在分词的被动形式, 表示表示(b
21、iosh)动作正动作正在进行之中在进行之中)3) Having done the work, he went home. 主动主动(zhdng)形式形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般一般(ybn)式式完成式完成式第26页/共41页第二十七页,共41页。现在分词在句中作状语现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语修饰谓语(wiy)动词或整动词或整个句子个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语表目的地
22、状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语通常用不定式表目的地状语)。第27页/共41页第二十八页,共41页。1)Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.1表时间表时间(shjin)状语状语第28页/共41页第二十九页,共41页。2表原因表原因(yunyn)状语状语1)Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go
23、to school.2)Being a student, you should study hard.=Since you are a student, you should study hard.第29页/共41页第三十页,共41页。 3 表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语: 作伴随状语的分词作伴随状语的分词表示的动作表示的动作, 必须是主语的一个动作必须是主语的一个动作, 或是与谓语或是与谓语所表示地动作所表示地动作(或状态或状态)同时同时(tngsh)发生发生, 或是对谓语表示或是对谓语表示的动词的动词(或状态或状态)作进一步地补充说明。作进一步地补充说明。1) He sat
24、on the sofa, watching TV.=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.2) 他们他们(t men)笑着谈着走进了教室。笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.Laughing and talking第30页/共41页第三十一页,共41页。4 表结果表结果(ji gu)e.g. 1) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her
25、 younger brother.2) The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song第31页/共41页第三十二页,共41页。5 表条件表条件(tiojin)1) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find a way._, you will see a white house.2) Walking ahead第32页/共41页第三十三页,共41页。6 与逻辑主语与逻辑主语(zhy)构成独立主格
26、构成独立主格: 1) I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard2) All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 3) Time permitting, well do another two exercises. *有时有时(yush)也可用也可用with (without) +名词名词(代词宾格代词宾格) +分词形式。分词形式。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 7 作独立成分作独立成分: 1) Ju
27、dging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 第33页/共41页第三十四页,共41页。1. What made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music concert. A. Losing B. Because of losing C. To lose D. Because I had lost 2. I cant imagine _ that with them. A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing A考考你考考你D 第34页/共41页第三十五页
28、,共41页。3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 4. _ is forbidden inside the park. A. To cycle B. We cycle C. Anyone cycles D. Cycling BD第35页/共41页第三十六页,共41页。5. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same offic
29、e. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 6. The old lady needs _. A. look afterB. to look after C. looking after D. being looked afterCC第36页/共41页第三十七页,共41页。1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your Engl
30、ish will be improved. 2. He has promised _(come) to my birthday party.3. I hate _(tell) lies!4. I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer. I forgot _(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.readingto cometelling/to tellgoingto tell第37页/共41页第三十八页,共41页。1. 出国旅行是很激动人心的。出国旅行是很激动人
31、心的。2. Travelling abroad is very exciting.3. 2. 在这儿在这儿(zhr)等是没用的等是没用的, 我们走吧。我们走吧。4. Its no use waiting here. Lets go.5. 3. 我记得在哪里见过他。我记得在哪里见过他。6. I remember seeing her somewhere.Translation 第38页/共41页第三十九页,共41页。4. 我后悔没听你的劝告。我后悔没听你的劝告。I regret not following your advice.5. 帮助别人帮助别人(birn)就是帮助你自己。就是帮助你自己。Helping others means helping yourself.For more exercises, click here.第39页/共41页第四十页,共41页。第40页/共41页第四十一页,共41页。