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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上环 球 卓 越2006同等学力申硕英语水平全国统考考前辅导基础班阅读讲义（内部资料 翻印必究）主讲：初 萌电 话：010-/21网 址：地 址：北京市海淀区人民大学北路金桥写字楼102室（本讲义仅供环球卓越学员内部使用）06同等学力英语辅导阅读部分讲义基础班教学目标：在2个月的学习后，学员能够：l 熟练掌握阅读中出现频率较高的1,000词汇l 阅读中重要的句式结构：名扩、从句、并列、倒装、比较、强调等l 能够分析最基本的篇章结构类型：两面型、例证型、果因型、定义型、How型等教学方式：l 采用精读的方式进行语言输入部分，学生要到课听讲，做笔记l 复习巩固方面，学生要完
2、成每课后面的练习，运用所学的知识l 进行期中、期末考试，加强学员学习的热情l 语言输出方面，能够利用所学的句型翻译简单的句子l 能够写出和话题相关的短文第一单元：两面型文章Passage 1With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) murder, while others mai
3、ntain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that its is of questionable eff
4、ectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.For example
5、, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the
6、 criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murder.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their be
7、lief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been
8、imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the
9、 death penalty is vetoed (否决)，innocent people will be murderedsome whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.1. The principal purpose of the passage is to _.A. speak for t
10、he majority B. initiate a veto of death penaltyC. criticize the government D. argue for the value of the death penalty2. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between _.A. the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyB. the effects of execution and the effects of isolationC. the
11、 importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyD. executions and murders3. The authors response to those who urge the death penalty for all degrees of murder would most likely be _.A. negative B. friendly C. supportive D. hostile4. In the passage the author is primarily concerned with _.A.
12、 analyzing a problem objectively B. settling a disputeC. supporting a position D. describing an event5. It can be inferred that the author thinks that _.A. the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayB. the second type murders (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to d
13、eathC. the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceD. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated课后练习：Exercise 1: exceptionexceptionalcontroversialissuetissuepursuesuepenaltyeffectiveeffectaffectefficientsufficientproficientmaintaincon
14、tainretainstainentertainsustainconvinceprincipalprincipleadvanceopposecomposepurposedepositproposesupposepunishmentbrutalextremethemeschemeviolentplotbutcherrelativeconvictionoverwhelmingreinforceconsistentlyconstantpersistinsistconsistassistimposeremainariserisearousesharpexecutioninnocentdecentrec
15、entliteralliteratureExercise 2:1.John makes the plans; Dick _ them. A) does B) executes C) carries out D) comes true2.The man who murdered his wife was _ by shooting, according to law. A) punished B) executed C) arrested D) captured3.Mr. Brown, the head of the visiting team, is a high-level _ of IBM
16、. A) executive B) senior C) leader D) chief4. _ more care or youll cause the accident. A) Be B) Execute C) Exercise D) Make5.At the end of his trial, he was _ of murder. A) convicted B) convinced C) sentenced D) condemned6.It is said that the fingerprints found on the rifle will be used to _ him. A)
17、 charge B) accuse C) convict D) sue7.The point in _ by correspondence is not whether we should do it but whether we can do it. A) argument B) debate C) dispute D) controversy8.He was driving very fast because he was _ of the fact that there was a speed limit. A) innocent B) aware C) ignorant D) sure
18、9.You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant10.Medical care reform has become this countrys most important public health _ A) question B) stuff C) matter D) issue11.He _ that the house be repaired. A) propos
19、ed B) imposed C) opposed D) composed12.John has insured all his properties to protect them _ losses from damage or destruction. A) at B) against C) with D) on13.Consumer groups are _ against higher prices. A) protecting B) protesting C) opposing D) objecting14.We are writing to the manager _ the rep
20、airs recently carried out at the above address. A) with the exception of B) with the purpose of C) with reference to D) with a view to15.Without guidance, we could not _ with the chapter, so we had to pause for the teacher. A) pursue B) pursuit C) persist D) push16.The vocabulary of any technical di
21、scussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field _. A) in view B) in case C) in effect D) in question17.The soldiers _ the flag every morning outside the barracks A) rise B) arouse C) arise D) raise18.China dishes _ heat longer than metal pans do. A) retain B) sustain C)
22、remain D) maintain19.Last year the advertising rate _ by 20 percent. A) raised B) aroused C) arose D) rose20.He has paid the _ for his crime with 10 years in prison. A) punishment B) debt C) penalty D) creditor21.These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A) to
23、that B) besides that C) in that D) except that22.They had a fierce _ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago. A) debate B) clash C) disagreement D) contest23.He has a _ of her own in everything. A) style B) pattern C) fashion D) model24.Although A
24、sian countries are generally more _ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India. A) conservative B) confidential C) comprehensive D) consistent25.It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A) c
25、onsistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual26.These figures are not consistent _ the results obtained in previous experiments. A) to B) with C) for D) in27.I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his _. A) candidate B) opponent C)
26、 alternative D) participant28.Most of the soldiers considered the guerilla force to be a formidable _. A) rival B) match C) opponent D) counterpart29.Im pleased to have the _ to visit your country. A) opportunity B) occasion C) possibility D) fate30. The committee is totally opposed _ any changes be
27、ing made in the plans. A) of B) on C) to D) against31. Mary _ shopping on Sunday because the streets are full of people. A) is strongly opposed to doing B) strongly opposes against C) strongly against D) is strongly opposed to do32. The local residents _ building the new hotel because of the great c
28、ost. A) opposed B) opponent C) objected D) against33.Having almost run out of money, we were reduced _ in a cheap hotel. A) to staying B) to stay C) staying D) for staying34.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, _ the color of his skin. A) with the exception of B) in the
29、 light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of35.The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one _ the other. A) emphasizing B) reinforcing C) multiplying D) increasingExercises 3With the exception ofEqual rightDeath penaltyOf + n.Reordered historyBe capable ofIt is one thingbut anotherIn th
30、e style ofIn the first instanceBe isolated fromThe latterBe open toNo coincidenceIn effectExercises 4除了最受争议的话题死刑提出观点（4个）值得信赖的证据主要观点反对者提出的观点非人性的惩罚野蛮社会极端的个体暴力犯罪在暴怒中实施谋杀相对的程度与社会隔离死刑的价值还有争论绝大多数一直执行每100人有4个谋杀犯谋杀率本可以这是一个生死的问题生效无辜的人们保护生命值得辩论高速增长Exercises 5名扩的测试1) 请写出名扩的6种形式2) 请翻译如下的短语关于小明的消息只有毛主席能知道的消息中国足球
31、队输球的消息小明传播关于校长的消息将要获知的消息已听说的消息3) 请指出下面段落中的名扩，并标出谁修饰谁In their day-to-day business, professionals whose work involves language in some way or another often face problems that seem to have no immediate or obvious solution within the habitual practices which demarcate their professional expertise. One a
32、venue open to those who find themselves in this position is to have recourse to the discipline of linguistics. It is the belief that linguistics can offer insights and ways forward in the resolution of problems related to language in a wide variety of contexts that underlies the very existence of th
33、e discipline usually called applied linguistics.插入语的测试标出如下句子的插入成分，并指出是什么结构在作插入成分例1：If they were to do this, the professionals directly involved would become, even if only temporarily, applied linguists.特殊句型 There is evidence thatwhile句 While is could be argued with some conviction并列成分：请标出下面的句子的并列成分例
34、1：This is in contrast to linguistics, where association with particular schools of thought or theories tends to exert considerably greater centripetal force.例2：Applied linguistics can (and should) not only test the applicability and replicability of linguistic theory and description, but also questi
35、on and challenge them where they are found wanting. 例3：In other words, if the relationship between linguistics and its applications is to be a fruitful partnership and neither a top-down imposition by theorists on practitioners nor a bottom-up cynicism leveled by practitioners against theoreticians,
36、 then both sides of the linguistics/applied linguistics relationship ought to be accountable to and in regular dialogue with each other with regard to theories as well as practices.Exercise 6Hire an inexperienced worker with low salary or an experienced one with high salary?Passage 2In the USA, 85%
37、of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. In the many states which still have the death penalty, some use the electrical chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection.The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for
38、shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else.The pro-hanging lobby uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital punishment. First, there is t
39、he deterrence theory, which argues that the potential murderers would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, go back to being unarmed.The other two arguments are more suspect. The idea of retribution demands that crimi
40、nals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.The arguments against the death penalt
41、y are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: the deterrence figure do not add up. In Britain, 1903 was the record for executions and yet in 1904 the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were
42、correct, the rate should have fallen.The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a mater of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.1. T
43、he passage is mainly about _.A. the argument in favor of the death penaltyB. the argument against the death penaltyC. the argument about the reintroduction of the death penaltyD. the argument about the abolition of the death penalty2. All of the following death penalty methods are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT