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1、2018年6月英语六级真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayon the importance of building trust between teachers and students.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Part II Lis
2、tening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：2018年6月大学英语六级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank fo
3、llowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than on
4、ce.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidssaytheyvediscoveredthattheGreatPyramidofGizaisnotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.Thispyramidistheoldestoftheworld sSevenWonders.Thepyramidsexactsizehas (26)_ expertsforcenturies,asthemorethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstonesthatoriginallycovereditwere(27)_
5、longago.ReportinginthemostrecentissueofthenewsletterAERAGRAM,which (28)_ theworkoftheAncientEgyptResearchAssociates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving(29)_ of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the
6、 eastside of the pyramid to be a30)_ of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most31)_ him, however, isnt how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so dose to32)_ . We can only speculate as how the Egyptians could have la
7、id out these lines with such(33)_ using only the tools they had,Dash writes. He says his 34)_ is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only (35)_ away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west ofduenorth,
8、while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)an amount thats tiny but similar, archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)chroniclesB) completeC) established D) fascinates E) hypothesisF) maximum G) momentum H) mysteriously I) perfectJ)precisionK)puzzledL)remna
9、ntsM)removedN)revelationsO)slightlySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mor
10、e than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA Parents of teenagers often view their childrens friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the
11、power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B In a 2005 study,
12、psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computeri
13、zed driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of ris
14、ky driving when their peers were in the roomand the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. The presence of peers makes adolescents and
15、 youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks， Steinberg and Gardner concluded.DYet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were mor
16、e apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd s influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brains keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.EIn a 201
17、1 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振）to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow li
18、ght or speed on through the crossroad.F The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words,rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates
19、 them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latestexperiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a comp
20、uterized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.GThe results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior，learned fas
21、ter from both positive and negative outcomes，and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they re on their own， Steinberg says. And this finding
22、could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.HMatthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect，suspects that the human brain is especially sk
23、illful at learning socially significant information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially rele
24、vant cues ( for example，trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a s
25、ocial motivation.IThe study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of theirinformational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their so
26、cial meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortexpart of the brains social networkeven as traditionalmemory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in social
27、ly motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in schoolpotentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers.JIf humans are generally geared to recall details about one anothe
28、r, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is notor not onlya way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is a
29、ctually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their br
30、ain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.KYet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social，Lieberman lays out a number of ways to
31、 do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a
32、social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.LAnd although anxious parents may not welcome the no
33、tion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends.Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that-enables progress and creativity, wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many
34、 young people are especially unwilling to take risks at schoolafraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thingas long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.
35、注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Itisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpickingupsociallyimportantinformation.37.Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentsthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.38.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.39.Theurgeof
36、findingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescentsgreaterattentiontosocialinteractions.40.AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagerslearning.41.Teenagersparentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.42.Activatingthebrainssocialnetworkinvolvedinsociallym
37、otivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.43.Thepresenceofpeersintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteensbrains.44.Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowithgreateraccuracyanddepth.45.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.Sect
38、ion CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line thr
39、ough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies：the rice-eating giant apple snail, and ri
40、sing sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the con
41、tinents most important rice-growing areas. As sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分）is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising str
42、ategy has become to harness one foe againstthe other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner Project Neurice are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency
43、that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.The project has two sides，says Xavier Serrat，Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid-to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has
44、 given the project greater urgency. Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆），but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snails presence
45、 in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when.Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice theyve bred
46、. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europes other two main rice-growing regionsalong the Po in Italy, and Frances Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effor
47、t, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that
48、incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组）.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A)It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47 what may be the