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1、2022-5-221Henry Fielding (1707-1754)nHenry Fielding: an overviewnFieldings MasterpiecenThe story of The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingnTom Jones, his character2022-5-222 Life ExperienceDrama-theatre-newspaper-law-novelNovelsJoseph Andrews (1742)约瑟夫安德鲁斯Jonathan Wild the Great (1743)大伟人乔纳森维尔德Tom Jo
2、nes (1749)汤姆琼斯Amelia (1751)阿米莉亚PlaysThe Welsh Opera (1731)威尔斯歌剧Don Quixote in England (1734)堂吉诃德在英国Pasqin (1736)巴斯昆The Historical Register for the Year (1732）一七三六历史记事2022-5-223Henry Fielding: an overviewnthe greatest novelist in the eighteenth centurynthe greatest novelist of the eighteenth centuryn
3、 the father of the English realistic novel2022-5-224Fielding as a PlaywrightnFieldings dramatic theory and practice were in conformity with the theory of “a return to nature” and the principle that the stage should be “a school of morality” in the Enlightenment period.2022-5-225Analysissome 40 chara
4、ctersTom Jonesgood-naturedfrank and openkind, disinterested(无私的无私的)imprudence(轻率的轻率的)Blifilvillain, selfish, malicious, hypocriticalSophiaideal, good qualities, gaiety(快乐快乐), candour(坦率坦率), brave,courageWesternbarbarian(残暴的人残暴的人)autocrat (专横的人专横的人)PartridgeJack-of-all-tradessimple, faithful good-nat
5、ured,a little whimsical (想入非非的想入非非的)BridgetMr. Allworthy2022-5-226The story of Tom JonesnThe novel tells the story of an illegitimate child, reared by squire Mr. Allworthy, who lives on his estate together with his sister Miss Bridget, a prudish spinster. nOnce, arriving home from a trip to London,
6、Mr. Allworthy is surprised to find a baby in his bedroom. He adopts the foundling and names him Tom. Shortly afterwards Miss Bridget gets married to a certain Captain Blifil, and gives birth to a boy. Young Blifils parents die and the orphan is left in the care of Mr. Allworthy who brings him up tog
7、ether with Tom. 2022-5-227The story of Tom JonesnTom has grown up to be a jolly, open-hearted and handsome young man. He gets involved in several fleeting love affairs. But his light-heartedness gives way to serious love when he meets Sophia, the daughter of a neighboring Squire Western. Young Blifi
8、l, contrary to Tom, is sly and faithless. Having an eye to his uncles money, he bears a secret hatred of Tom, fearing lest the legacy should fall into his hands. He blackens Tom in Mr. Allworthys eyes. Deceived by Blifils backbiting, Mr. Allworthy banishes Tom from his home. 2022-5-228The story of T
9、om JonesnSophias father, Squire Western, infuriated upon learning of his daughters attachment to the foundling, threatens to marry her off by force to the rich heir, young Blifil. Then the scene is shifted to London, where all the main characters are thrown together, each in pursuit of his own inter
10、ests: Sophia flees to the capital fearing the very idea of marriage to hateful Blifil; Squire Western follows his daughter; 2022-5-229The story of Tom Jonesnyoung Blifil, accompanied by his uncle, is there in search of Sophia; Tom takes his way to London, accompanied by the schoolmaster Partridge, a
11、 simple, lovable man. Tom and Sophia travel independently, ignorant of each others plans. Their journey is filled with many exciting incidents. Toms imprudence leads him into various love affairs and adventures, some of which endanger his very life. 2022-5-2210The story of Tom JonesnBlifil, intent o
12、n ruining his rival, spares no pains to secure a conviction for Tom, who is supposed to have killed a man in self-defense. However, Blifils intrigues are laid bare, and the angry Mr. Allworthy expels him. At the same time the old gentleman learns from his attorney of a letter addressed to him by his
13、 sister Bridget on her death-bed. It has been maliciously withheld by Blifil, as it contains her confession that Tom Jones is her illegitimate son. 2022-5-2211The story of Tom JonesnMr. Allworthy, rejoiced at this news, reconciles with Tom, and makes him his heir. Sophia forgives Tom his youthful mi
14、stakes and squire Western consents to Sophias marriage to Tom. All ends happily. 2022-5-2212ThemesnA. The stories is about human nature. Fielding saw both sides of human nature: the good and the bad. It is human nature to err. And a man who errs may reform and be redeemed so long as he has a good he
15、art, while those who are wicked by nature are beyond redemption.nB. The story gives a panoramic view of the 18th century English life with scores of different places and a whole gallery of characters. Fielding attacked social injustice, hypocrisy, vice and corruption in the government and defended t
16、he rights and dignity of the poor and the unfortunate.2022-5-2213The features of the booksnA. Structure:a. The book follows the form of “comic epic in prose”. It is well-balanced and carefully planned. (in the country-on the road- in London). The story absorbs the features of family novel (Richardso
17、n), novel of incidents (Defoe) and picaresque novel (Swift).2022-5-2214nNovels of incidents mainly reveals the action of the characters or events, not the characters. The plots are loose but flowing. The novel focuses on the funny and adventurous events. nPicaresque novel emerged in Spain in 16th ce
18、ntury. The typical story concerns the escapades（胡作非为） of a social outcast who lives by wits and shows a long succession of his adventures. Picaresque fiction is realistic in manner, episodic in structure (that is, composed of a sequence of events), and often satiric in aim.2022-5-2215Characterizatio
19、nn40 characters nAll the characters are true to life.nTom：upright, frank, kind-hearted, sometimes be very rash and commit rather serious errors, particularly in his relations with women, yet who is always ready to help others and never tries to harm anyone for his own benefit.nBlifil: pretends to be
20、 extremely moral and selfless, but actually be always thinks up tricks and imposes them on the other people.2022-5-2216nSophia: with sufficient courage and independence to defy the bad world. Her character and behavior were rather advanced for her time, when the compulsory marriage was universally p
21、revailing.n Partridge is a Jack-of-trades. He is a simple, good-natured but a little whimsical fellow, and a very faithful companion to Tom.The ways of characterization: contrast& dialogue2022-5-2217Fieldings theory of realism nThe exact observation and study of real life, was the basis of his work.
22、nThe centre of his working philosophy was Man, common earthly Man with his earthly interests, needs and passions, which should be studied and portrayed in action, in clashes and in development.2022-5-2218The “father of the English novel”Some FeaturesMethods of Tellng a StorySatireA Master of StyleEducational Function directly by the authorHumorousto instruct/correct; grimto lash the evils of the ruling classa faithful picture of life;sound teaching woven into textureeasy, unlaboured and familiar, vivid and vigorous