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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流浅谈沥青混合料摊铺和碾压在高速公路施工中的应用.精品文档.福建农林大学本科（函授）毕业论文论文题目：浅谈沥青混合料摊铺和碾压工艺在高速公路施工中的应用 学 院： 交 通 学 院 专业年级： 土木工程 学 号： 091291013 姓名： 黄 文 义 指导教师、职称： 谢 成 新 副 教 授 目 录摘要11沥青混合料路面的摊铺11.2 施工操作实务 21.3摊铺阶段 32沥青混合料路面的碾压43沥青砼路面摊铺和碾压过程中的常见病害和防治措施43.1表面波浪43.2接缝不良 53.2.1纵缝53.2.2横缝53.3发裂53.4推移64结束语75
2、参考文献 7浅谈沥青混合料摊铺和碾压工艺在高速公路施工中的应用摘要：沥青混合料的摊铺和碾压是影响沥青路面性能的重要因素之一,本文试从沥青混合料的推铺和碾压这两道路面施工的关键工序的质量控制,对提高我市高速公路沥青路面质量进行初步的探讨和归纳。关键词：沥青混合料 摊铺 碾压 工艺 应用 沥青混合料的摊铺和碾压作业直接影响到各级公路沥青路面的工程质量。为提高沥青混合料的摊铺和碾压的作业水平。采用合理的工序和科学的工艺在沥青混凝土路面的现场施工是十分重要的。本文结合自身工作实践对高速公路沥青混合料的摊铺和碾压工艺在总结经验的基础上,就如何保证和提高施工质量、施工工艺等方面应把握的关键环节作一些探讨。
3、引言：我国的高速公路路面结构型式大部分是以半刚性基层为主的沥青混凝土路面，在已建成的京福、浦南、武邵高速公路中，除结构物外，均采用沥青混凝土路面，如何保证沥青路面能适应未来日益增长的交通强度的需要，使之保持良好的路况，沥青混合料摊铺阶段是保证路面达到设计要求的厚度、密实度和良好的平整度。而良好的摊铺工艺才是确保各项指标实现的关键。本文以武邵高速公路路面一标段沥青路面的施工过程,探讨质量控制的要点。1 沥青混合料的摊铺1 1施工准备阶段1 1 1下承层的准备在铺筑沥青混凝土混合料时,它的下承层无非是基层,连接层或面层的下层,虽然在下承层完成之后,已进行过检查验收,但在两层施工的间隔,很可能由于某
4、种原因形成下承层的不同程序的破损,形成坑槽,起伏,失稳,在这种情况下,如果不对下承层进行处理,修补,即使面层摊铺的很平整,在碾压后仍会出现与基层相似的情况,形成缺陷的积累与传递。1 1 2施工放样施工放样包括标高测定与平面控制两项内容,平面控制的主要目的是放出摊铺的平面轮廓线或设置导向线.标高测定的主要目的就是为摊铺机的自动找平装置确定一个准确的基准面(线),在确定这个基准面(线)时,首先确定下承层表面高程与原设计高程相差的确切数值,其次通过设定基准面(线)来纠正摊铺层到设计标高值或保证其摊铺厚度.常用的基准面(线)的控制方法有基准线钢绞线法,滑撬法和悬浮梁(平均梁)法以及非接触式浮动基准.(
5、1)钢绞线法:当下承层高低不平,边侧又无平坦的基准面参考时采用此法.(2)滑撬法,悬浮梁(平均梁)法:此法适用于下承层较平整或有平整,坚实的基准面如路缘石等作参照,由摊铺机自行携带,大量节省了人力,减少了人为的外界干扰,完全按照现场的实际情况进行自行补偿作业,形成路面的小平,行车更加舒适,只是一次性投入造价较高.(3)非接触式浮动基准:是近年出现的新的找平系统,该系统不仅可使沥青摊铺机的摊铺质量得到较大的提高,而且由于系统本身的特点,使沥青摊铺机的工作效率,应用范围得到了一定的改善.目前,我国引进的主要分为多点激光扫描找平系统和多声纳平均梁找平系统两种型式.1 1 3摊铺设备的选择摊铺设备是沥
6、青路面施工机械中结构,功能,工况等最复杂的机械设备,在实际应用中很多问题值得探讨.选择内容主要有:(1)摊铺机形式的选择.(2)摊铺机的宽度和速度的选择.(3)摊铺机的振动和振捣系统选择.(4)选择性能卓越的摊铺机.1 1 4车辆的运输要求运输亦是沥青混合料摊铺的关键环节,车辆组织的好坏直接影响到摊铺能否连续.一般为了保证在运输过程中较少的热量损失,要求采用较大吨位的运输车辆.主要配置原则是保证沥青拌和设备能连续生产以减少能耗,提高拌和设备出料稳定性.1 2 施工操作实务1 2 1下承层的处理工艺在进行各结构层施工时,严格按照规范要求,紧抓施工现场的质量控制,后期的养护,保护,严把质量关,保证
7、各结构层的内在质量与外观质量,力求平整,坚实,标高合理,为面层的施工创造一个良好的基础条件.1 2 2施工放样和控制在施工放样确定基准面(线)时,路面底基层上层,基层,沥青底面层,利用摊铺机走钢丝的方式来控制各结构层的标高和平整度;沥青中,上层利用摊铺机走雪撬的方法来控制.无论用何种方法控制,在施工过程中,同时应确定专人对厚度,平整度进行跟踪检测.1 2 3摊铺机结构参数的调整和控制在摊铺前根据施工要求需调整和选择的摊铺机结构参数有:熨平板宽度和拱度,摊铺厚度与熨平板的工作仰角,布料螺旋与熨平板前缘的距离.1 3 摊铺阶段此阶段是影响摊铺层质量(特别是平整度)的主要因素,包括熨平板的预热,摊铺
8、机的作业速度,摊铺机供料机构的配合,接茬的处理等方面.1 3 1熨平板的预热每次摊铺前应对熨平板进行预热,但加热熨平板不可火力过猛以防过热,可根据现场实际情况采用间断式加热.1 3 2摊铺机的工作速度摊铺机的工作速度对摊铺机的工作效率和摊铺质量影响极大.现代摊铺机都具有较宽的速度变化范围,从零值到每分钟数十米之间,可进行无级调节,如果摊铺机时慢时快,时开时停,将导致熨平板受力系统平衡变化频繁,对平整度产生很大影响.合理的摊铺速度可根据混合料供给能力,摊铺宽度和厚度求得.根据各参数变化,可列出一张相应摊铺速度的关系表以供参考.1 3 3摊铺机供料机构的配合摊铺机供料机构,包括刮板输送器和向两侧布
9、料布料螺旋,两者的工作应相互密切配合,工作速度匹配.1 3 4接茬处理在摊铺机的施工过程中,绝大多数情况下会出现纵,横接茬,如果处理不好,显而易见会对路面的平整度产生直接的影响.1 3 5确保摊铺工作的连续性合理确定拌和,运输能力,保证摊铺机缓慢,均匀,连续摊铺.公路沥青路面施工技术规范中明确要求摊铺过程中不得随意变换速度或中途停顿,任何速度的变化必将会导致摊铺厚度和平整度的变化,应尽量避免出现摊铺机料车多时加快速度而料车少时放慢速度等料的现象.因此,在施工现场建立一个集权式的多工种多部门协调指挥机构是确保摊铺质量的首要条件.2 沥青混合料路面的碾压沥青砼碾压阶段的工作目标是保证路面结构层达到
10、设计要求的压实度和良好的平整度.而碾压是关键工序,在良好摊铺工艺施工的基础经过充分的碾压才能确保路面的平整度和密实度.根据我们多年来的实践经验认为应从压实设备,压实温度,压实程序和压实常识等诸方面综合分析,才能达标.2 1压实设备的选型和组合目前,沥青路面施工最常用压路机有静作用光轮压路机,轮胎压路机和振动压路机.在实际的施工生产中选择压路机种类,大小和数量时,应考虑摊铺机的生产率,混合料特性,摊铺厚度,施工现场的具体条件等因素.2 2碾压工艺良好的沥青路面质量最终要通过碾压来体现,如碾压中出现任何质量缺陷,必将前功尽弃.影响碾压效果的因素主要有碾压组合是否合理,碾压温度的高低,操作规范性以及
11、有无专人指挥.由于碾压方式不准确或操作手操作失误导致混合料纵,横向推移的现象时常发生,合理的碾压工艺和准确的碾压操作是提高路面质量的重要手段.2 2 1合理确定碾压方式压路机的压实程序为初压,复压,终压,而初压的目的就是为了整平与稳定混合料,同时为复压创造条件,是压实的基础,复压的目的是使混合料密实,稳实,成型,终压的目的是为了消除轮迹,所以严格的压实程序,有利于保证碾压质量.3 沥青砼路面摊铺和碾压过程中的常见病害和防治措施目前,由于轴载和交通量的不断增大对沥青混凝土路面提出了更高的要求,要求路面平整,无车辙,热稳性高,弯沉小.沥青混凝土混合料铺筑质量的优劣,直接影响着路面的使用寿命.我们认
12、为表面波浪,接缝不良,碾压发裂和推移是沥青混凝土路面摊铺和压实过程中存在的主要病害.3 1表面波浪在沥青混凝土混合料铺筑过程中如形成表面波浪,首先导致路面平整度的降低,影响公路的服务能力和行车的舒适性;其次降低了路面密实度,相应地孔隙率增大,影响路面的长期使用性能,减少了路面的使用寿命.表面波浪有短有长,形成原因也各有不同.防止表面波浪形成的关键因素是:尽可能保持摊铺机熨平板前方的混合料数量和劲度的一致.混合料数量的控制:正确安装进料器活门;在摊铺机向前移动过程中,保证刮板输送器和螺旋推运器边疆输送混合料的时间不少于90%,最好是连续运转.严格将混合料的温度,级配,液体含量控制在允许范围以内,
13、藉以控制混合料的劲度.在施工过程中,操作人员应严格按规程操作,并随时注意观察和检测,消除人为因素和机械因素造成的表面波浪.3 2 接缝不良沥青混凝土路面接缝不良,会导致接缝两侧标高不一,路面倾伴,在行车作用下,易发生颠簸或造成沥青混凝土路面松散,如伴随压实不足,在重交通作用下,易造成接缝处面层过度磨损,且不良的接缝是透水的,水分经不良接缝下渗,则会给路基,路面造成更大破感坏.3 2 1纵缝沥青混凝土路面纵向接缝不良,易导致新旧摊铺车道标高不一或接缝处混合料松散。对于纵向接缝防治措施主要有:两台摊铺机同时摊铺,达到路面全宽进行热接缝,热接缝能够得到一个良好接缝,但目前除高速公路外一般公路设备力量
14、达不到这种程度。要用1台摊铺机铺筑一个良好的纵缝,最重要的是:摊铺机熨平板与原摊铺面层的重叠要正确,如果熨平板与冷面层的重叠宽度为35cm,在接缝外摊铺足够的混合料即可保证接缝紧密.材料重叠太多形成隆起,重叠太少形成沉陷,应进行少量的耙平工作,刮回冷路面上的混合料.3 2 2横缝不良的横向接缝造成车辆行驶颠簸或路面倾斜。对于横向裂缝防治措施主要有:为了铺筑一条平整的横缝,摊铺时应调整好预留高度,控制不好的可采用相应高度的垫块,摊铺机从横缝处离开向前实施摊铺之前,熨平板必须适当拉紧并放置在垫块上,使导熨平板处于正确的标高位置,即可避免在接缝处产生跳车现象或形成沉降,倾斜.在摊铺过程中,摊铺机螺旋
15、送料器应连续传动,两侧应保持有不少于送料器高度2/3的混合料,摊铺速度均匀,缓慢,连续.熨平板运行平稳,不上下浮动,铺筑的路面就不会使车辆颠簸,倾斜.摊铺机驶离横缝之后,用搂耙清除接缝范围内过量的混合料,碾压时按要求先横斜向碾压再纵向碾压.3 3发裂发裂是指短的横向裂纹,多发生在沥青混凝土的保护层或中间层次中,这些裂纹在摊铺过程中一般是看不到的,通常出现在碾压第一遍或第二遍之后.沥青混合料碾压发裂影响压实度和路面孔隙率,碾压不实造成的孔隙率增大会降低路面的使用寿命.处理发裂问题的方法是,改善沥青混合料的特性.沥青含量,含水量,拌和温度适宜,消除级配曲线在2.36mm,1.18mm和0.15mm
16、筛孔的隆起现象,特别注意砂子的用量.对开软弱的混合料,必须等混合料降到适宜的温度时才能碾压,一般情况下出现发裂后很难获得足够的密度.作为一项临时措施,在混合料的组成改变之前,可利用振动压路机或轮胎压路机进行初压,情况会有所好转.3 4推移沥青混凝土面层推移,是指混合料在道路的纵向发生位移.它可能在压实工作期间发生,也可能在交通条件下发生.在许多情况下,推移伴随着压路机初次碾压前方出现弓形波,推移也会混合料的开裂一起发生,在压路机的倒车处,特别是在靠近摊铺机的位置倒车,面层或混合料易产生推移.在实际施工时,我们通过,对发生推移的混合料进行取样,及时进行了混合料的马歇尔试验和矿料级配组成试验.从现
17、场观察和试验数据上分析,认为路面发生推移的原因主要如下:a集料级配过于密实4.75mm以上粒径材料明显偏少,即相对于面层厚度的起骨架作用的大颗粒骨料相对较少.b沥青混合料沥青含量相对较高.如某工程70cm厚的下面层沥青混合料最佳沥青用量为48%52%,而发生推移的混合料的5个样品中沥青含量有4个在51%以上,结果造成沥青混凝土路面空隙率小,沥青饱和度大,其热稳定性明显降低.从数据上看,空隙率在3%(I型沥青混凝土规范规定在3%6%范围内)左右时,路面开始略有推移,但其它技术指标在该工程中是合格的.当空隙率小于3%,沥青饱和度大于85%时,路面即明显发生推移.由此看来,沥青混凝土不是单纯地空隙率
18、越小越好,它的质量优劣是各种相互综合作用的结果.c下层顶面浮料没能清理干净,或有风沙浮尘的影响,造成路面在碾压过程中有推移大多以局部推移为特征.路在压实过程中,若发生推移现象,应现场查明原因.首先看是否是由于下层顶面浮料,浮尘造成的,如果是这样应及时清除浮料,浮尘.如发现不是由于浮料,浮尘的原因造成推移的现象,应立即停止混合料拌和,对混合料的级配组成进行检查,并适当进行调整.调整混合料级配曲线至规范规定的级配范围中线的下方,且应当降低沥青用量,并及时进行马歇尔试验,以检查新拌混合料的质量.对略有推移的沥青混合料,一般情况下是集料的时段性级配不均匀造成的,一般来说其各种技术指标基本上是符合设计要
19、求的.为保证其压实质量,可及时调整压实方式.实践证明:初压温度低时推移现象较为严重,初压如果在120130温度条件下短时间内完成,可以避免和减小推移程度.因此,这种情况下,较高温度下短时间内完成初压,是提高压质量的最佳方式.防止混合料推移的最好办法是,提高混合料在压实时的内在稳定性.为此可以采用降低混合料流质的含量;提高集料颗粒之间的内摩阻力;改变集料级配以及提高混合料中多角的碎石颗粒含量的方法,来提高混合料内在的稳定性.如果在压实设备下面层有推移的趋势,则面层基本上是不稳定的,在交通条件下,这些混合料通常会在纵横两个方向连续发生变形.沥青混合料在施工期间的推移,是其在交通荷载作用下缺乏足够耐
20、久性,发生路面推移的前兆.4 结束语沥青混合料在铺筑过程中出现缺陷的问题很多,但主要是摊铺机本身和混合料缺陷的因素,使用良好的混合料和摊铺及压路设备,正确适宜的操作,克服不良人为因素可取得良好的铺筑效果。5 参考文献1公路沥青路面施工技术规范(TTJ03294)2高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面(沙庆林1998)3道路施工技术(宣国良,李晋三1999)4筑路机械与施工机械化(期刊)5压实与摊铺(美卓载纳派克公司2002)（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long
21、time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positi
22、ve advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bo
23、ttom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the p
24、arty; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to
25、 the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience
26、, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the p
27、artys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations
28、of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the a
29、ctual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline l
30、aw, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision,
31、 in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, m
32、ore than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serio
33、us responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness
34、in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinpin
35、g, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin
36、 study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respecti
37、vely held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and g
38、rassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministrie
39、s and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, att
40、racting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chin
41、a formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Se
42、ssion of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding ind
43、ependent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinp
44、ing pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed ou
45、t that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the