建筑十书 英文版.doc
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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流建筑十书 英文版.精品文档.The Project Gutenberg EBook of Ten Books on Architecture, by VitruviusThis eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and withalmost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away orre-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
2、includedwith this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.orgTitle: Ten Books on ArchitectureAuthor: VitruviusRelease Date: December 31, 2006 EBook #20239Language: EnglishCharacter set encoding: ISO-8859-1* START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE *Produced by Chuck Greif, Melissa Er
3、-Raqabi, Ted Garvin andthe Online Distributed Proofreading Team atVITRUVIUSTHE TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURETRANSLATED BYMORRIS HICKY MORGAN, PH.D., LL.D.LATE PROFESSOR OF CLASSICAL PHILOLOGYIN HARVARD UNIVERSITYWITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND ORIGINAL DESIGNSPREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OFHERBERT LANGFORD WARRE
4、N, A.M.NELSON ROBINSON JR. PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTUREIN HARVARD UNIVERSITYCAMBRIDGEHARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESSLONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORDOXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS1914 COPYRIGHT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESSCONTENTSLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSINDEXPREFACEDuring the last years of his life, Professor Morgan had devoted mu
5、ch time and energy to the preparation of a translation of Vitruvius, which he proposed to supplement with a revised text, illustrations, and notes. He had completed the translation, with the exception of the last four chapters of the tenth book, and had discussed, with Professor Warren, the illustra
6、tions intended for the first six books of the work; the notes had not been arranged or completed, though many of them were outlined in the manuscript, or the intention to insert them indicated. The several books of the translation, so far as it was completed, had been read to a little group of frien
7、ds, consisting of Professors Sheldon and Kittredge, and myself, and had received our criticism, which had, at times, been utilized in the revision of the work.After the death of Professor Morgan, in spite of my obvious incompetency from a technical point of view, I undertook, at the request of his f
8、amily, to complete the translation, and to see the book through the press. I must, therefore, assume entire responsibility for the translation of the tenth book, beginning with chapter thirteen, and further responsibility for necessary changes made by me in the earlier part of the translation, chang
9、es which, in no case, affect any theory held by Professor Morgan, but which involve mainly the adoption of simpler forms of statement, or the correction of obvious oversights.The text followed is that of Valentine Rose in his second edition (Leipzig, 1899), and the variations from this text are, wit
10、h a few exceptions which are indicated in the footnotes, in the nature of a return to the consensus of the manuscript readings.The illustrations in the first six books are believed to be substantially in accord with the wishes of Professor Morgan. The suggestions for illustrations in the later books
11、 were incomplete, and did not indicate, in all cases, with sufficient definiteness to allow them to be executed, the changes from conventional plans and designs intended by the translator. It has, therefore, been decided to include in this part of the work only those illustrations which are known to
12、 have had the full approval of Professor Morgan. The one exception to this principle is the reproduction of a rough model of the Ram of Hegetor, constructed by me on the basis of the measurements given by Vitruvius and Athenaeus.It does not seem to me necessary or even advisable to enter into a long
13、 discussion as to the date of Vitruvius, which has been assigned to various periods from the time of Augustus to the early centuries of our era. Professor Morgan, in several articles in the Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, and in the Proceedings of the American Academy, all of which have been
14、 reprinted in a volume of Addresses and Essays (New York, 1909), upheld the now generally accepted view that Vitruvius wrote in the time of Augustus, and furnished conclusive evidence that nothing in his language is inconsistent with this view. In revising the translation, I met with one bit of evid
15、ence for a date before the end of the reign of Nero which I have never seen adduced. In viii, 3, 21, the kingdom of Cottius is mentioned, the name depending, it is true, on an emendation, but one which has been universally accepted since it was first proposed in 1513. The kingdom of Cottius was made
16、 into a Roman province by Nero (cf. Suetonius, Nero, 18), and it is inconceivable that any Roman writer subsequently referred to it as a kingdom.It does seem necessary to add a few words about the literary merits of Vitruvius in this treatise, and about Professor Morgans views as to the general prin
17、ciples to be followed in the translation.Vitruvius was not a great literary personage, ambitious as he was to appear in that character. As Professor Morgan has aptly said, he has all the marks of one unused to composition, to whom writing is a painful task. In his hand the measuring-rod was a far mi
18、ghtier implement than the pen. His turgid and pompous rhetoric displays itself in the introductions to the different books, where his exaggerated effort to introduce some semblance of style into his commonplace lectures on the noble principles which should govern the conduct of the architect, or int
19、o the prosaic lists of architects and writers on architecture, is everywhere apparent. Even in the more technical portions of his work, a like conscious effort may be detected, and, at the same time, a lack of confidence in his ability to express himself in unmistakable language. He avoids periodic
20、sentences, uses only the simpler subjunctive constructions, repeats the antecedent in relative clauses, and, not infrequently, adopts a formal language closely akin to that of specifications and contracts, the style with which he was, naturally, most familiar. He ends each book with a brief summary,
21、 almost a formula, somewhat like a sigh of relief, in which the reader unconsciously shares. At times his meaning is ambiguous, not because of grammatical faults, which are comparatively few and unimportant, but because, when he does attempt a periodic sentence, he becomes involved, and finds it dif
22、ficult to extricate himself.Some of these peculiarities and crudities of expression Professor Morgan purposely imitated, because of his conviction that a translation should not merely reproduce the substance of a book, but should also give as clear a picture as possible of the original, of its autho
23、r, and of the working of his mind. The translation is intended, then, to be faithful and exact, but it deliberately avoids any attempt to treat the language of Vitruvius as though it were Ciceronian, or to give a false impression of conspicuous literary merit in a work which is destitute of that qua
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