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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流市政道路工程地质勘察研究.精品文档.市政道路工程地质勘察探讨【摘 要】介绍了市政道路工程地质勘察的目的以及决定勘察任务的因素,具体阐述了市政道路工程地质勘察流程,包括前期准备、各阶段勘察内容及工程地质勘察报告,以期指导相关人员正确进行工程地质勘察,为设计施工提供准确的地质资料。【关键词】工程地质勘察；目的；任务；规范运用道路是建在地面以上的，地面以下土层的分布，土质的疏松、强度，地下水的深度等都会影响到道路的安危。所以，为了确保道路地基设计的准确性，就必须有道路沿线的地质资料作为科学依据。只有对道路沿线的地质资料有个全面的了解、准确把握才能更
2、好的对道路地基进行设计。1 工程地质勘察的目的工程地质勘查的主要目运用坑深、触探、钻探等勘查手段和方法，对在建工程的场地进行调查研究分析，道路（包括广场、停车场）地质勘察，应对沿线各地段路基的稳定性和岩土性质作出工程地质评价，并为路基设计、确定路基设计回弹模量和适宜的路面结构组合类型、路基压实、防护与加固，路基排水设计以及不良地质现象防治等提供工程地质依据和必要的设计参数，并提出相应的建议,为工程设计和施工提供所需的地质资料。2 市政道路工程地质勘察前应具备的条件及决定勘察任务的因素道路勘察前必须取得下列图纸和资料：应具备附有标明坐标、道路走向、桩号和现状地形的道路工程总平面布置图，或附有标明
3、坐标和现状地形的广场、停车场工程总平面布置图。应知道道路的类别，路面设计标高、路基宽度、选用的路面结构组合类型和排水方式，以及地下埋设物概况等。另外，应知道沿线各地段路复杂程度及道路所在场地地质条件的研究机当地道路工程经验。3 市政道路工程地质勘察主要任务3.1 可行性研究勘察阶段主要采用收集资料、现场踏勘、调查等手段，了解场地的地层、构造、岩性、不良地质作用和地下水等工程地质条件；当拟建工程场地地质条件复杂时，尚应进行必要的勘探、测试工作；对拟建场地稳定性和适宜性做出初步评价，为城镇规划、工程建设项目的选址及工程建设项目技术经济方案比选提供依据。3.2 初步勘察阶段除通过收集有关工程经验、场
4、地地质资料外，应通过一定勘察手段，初步查明场地的地质构造、地基土结构和岩土工程性质、不良地质作用等，初步分析和评价场地稳定性、地基基础类型，为建（构）筑物总平面的合理布置、基础类型的选择、对不良地质作用的治理及详细阶段勘察的重点内容提供依据3.3 对简单场地及地基且无特殊要求的建设工程，当建筑物平面布置已经确定，且已掌握场地或其附近已有岩土工程资料时，可合并勘察阶段，进行一次性详细勘察。3.4 详细勘察应通过勘探、测试、试验、分析和统计等手段，为设计、施工提供详细的场地岩土工程勘察资料和岩土设计参数；对基础形式、地基处理、边坡治理、基坑支护工程、工程降水、地震效应、不良地质作用的防治、水土对建
5、筑材料的腐蚀性等作出分析、评价和建议4 市政道路工程地质勘察规范运用过程4.1 钻孔布置 ：平面布置市政规范规定，应沿道路中线布置，当道路宽度较大时，宜在道路两侧交错布置占孔。当路基岩土条件复杂时应布置横剖面。我认为在路堑、陡坡路堤（经常是半挖半填路段），须进行支挡工程的地段应布置横剖面，具体布置可参考”边坡工程规范”。4.2 勘探孔孔距 ：在一般情况下可按道路性质布孔，布孔时应注意两点，一是每个地貌单元，不同地貌单元的交界处均应布置勘探孔。同时在微地貌和地层变化较大地段予以加密。此处的地貌单元指平原（堆积地貌）岗地（剥蚀堆积地貌），丘陵山区（剥蚀地貌），微地貌指平原中的，河漫滩，低平原，高亢
6、平原等，岗地中的坳沟岗地等。二是规定有机质垃圾，疏松的杂填土，未经沉实的近期回填土及软土分布地段应查明其分布范围，勘探孔距宜控制在2040m。4.3 勘探孔孔深 ：原地面或设计地面标高（挖方地段）以下23m，规定为原地面以下5m，或挖方地段为设计路面下4m。规范同时规定当为有机质垃圾、疏松的杂填土，未沉实的近期填土，软土和可液化层时孔深应适当加深或钻穿该土层；当高路堤地段孔深应满足地基承载力、变形计算、稳定性分析评价要求及地基处理要求。路堑，陡坡路堤，支挡工程孔深也应满足上上述要求。总的说来道路工程钻孔的特点是：1、所有钻孔都必须取样；2、市政钻孔应封孔；3、多数钻孔应量测水位。4.4 取样与
7、试验 ：（1）、地基土与路基土 。市政规范规定桥涵，室外管道，堤岸工程等划分地基岩土应与现行建筑地基础规范一致，对道路路基土应执行城市道路设计规范。地基土的概念大家已很清楚。主要说一下路基土。什么是路基，路基是路面的基础，承受由路面传来的行车荷载，它又分为路床、路堤。路床又分为上部0.3m，称做上路床，0.30.8m，称下路床。0.81.5m称上路堤，1.5m以下称下路堤，需要指出的是，路堤是填方路基，当为挖方路基，或以后地面为路面标高时就不存在路堤而只有路床存在。 对于路基土也就是路床及路堤部分土的定名及试验方法均应遵照现行公路土工试验规程。路堤土来自取土场，如进行取土场勘察时应遵照上述规程
8、办理。路基土下面的土分类规范没有说，我想应该称地基土，按目前习惯似乎可以按建筑地基规范的规定来执行；（2）、取样间距与测试 。市政规范规定在原地面或设计地面以下1.5m范围内每间隔0.5m取一个样（公路规范是0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0m取样）。采取的土样应做颗粒分析，天然含水量和液塑限，以便划分路基土类别和土基干湿类型，干湿类型的划分按路床顶面以下0.8，深度内平均液性指数按大于1.00，为过湿，0.751.0为潮湿类型，0.50.75为中湿类型，小于0.5为干燥类型，须要指出的是公路规范规定应按平均稠度指标来判定，二者有不一致之处。4.5 工程地质勘察报告 ：首先是文字部分 ：（1)勘查
9、工作的任务和概况；（2)是否存在影响建筑物地基不稳情况存在及其影响程度；（3)工程场地的地质土层结构、强度及各土层物理力学性质；（4)低下水位的深度、水质情况、变化情况及对建筑材料的腐蚀程度；（5)在地震设防区划分场地类型和场地类别，并判别饱和沙土及粉土；（6)对建筑地基基础方案进行分析，提出经济可行的设计方案意见，尤其对地基设计和施工中需注意的地方检出建议；（7)当工程需要时,尚应提供:深基坑开挖的边坡稳定计算和支护设计所需的技术参数,论证其对周围已有建筑物和地下设施的影响;基坑施工降水的有关技术参数及施工降水方法的建议;提供用于计算地下水浮力的设计水位。 二是图表部分 （ 1)勘探点平面布
10、置图;（ 2)工程地质剖面图、综合工程地质图或工程地质分区图; 3)土的物理力学性试验总表。重大工程根据需要,绘制综合工程地质图或地质分区图、地质柱状图或综合地质柱状图和有关试验曲线。结束语：市政道路工程地质勘察工作任务艰巨，必须明确其目的，克服各种因素，运用规范施工，为设计施工提供准确的地质资料。为市政道路工程的发展奠定坚实的基础。参考文献1韦俊行. 欧家村水电站工程地质勘测工作中的教训与启示j. 水力发电, 1990, (02)2邱贤荣. 浅论地质勘测各阶段技术要点分析j. 中国水运(下半月), 2008, (08)3刘涛,甄星灿. 某高层建筑工程质量事故实例分析与加固处理j. 建筑结构学
11、报, 2002, (024谭东林,段永强. 市政道路工程地质勘察探讨. 岩土工程界. 2008年 第10期（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline
12、to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplin
13、ary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and
14、 the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the
15、implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focu
16、s. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals,
17、adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Se
18、cretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading ca
19、dres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is co
20、ncisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme
21、is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of th
22、e situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prom
23、inent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and
24、 the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regul
25、ations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations
26、made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times he
27、ld a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the
28、 central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office o
29、f the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Pa
30、rty of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the
31、Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the ba
32、sic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteri
33、stics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific,
34、 awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eigh
35、th session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations es
36、tablished for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific req
37、uirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive init
38、iative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on verti
39、cal gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insi
40、st on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, orga
41、nization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes,
42、 major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-dis
43、cipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions o
44、f . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party memb
45、ers, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand,
46、 easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consis
47、ts of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, stron