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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中考英语常见动词辨析.精品文档.龙文教育个性化辅导授课案教师：_刘凯歌_ 学生杨涛 时间：_10_年_5_月_9_日_段 第_次课一、授课目的与考点分析：中考常见动词辨析二、授课内容：误 She laid down and soon fell asleep. 正 She lay down and soon fell asleep. 析 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下： lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词) lie (躺) lay， lain， ly
2、ing (不及物动词) lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying 误 Please rise your hand. 正 Please raise your hand. 析 rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。 误 I like to swim very much, but I dont like swimming this afternoon. 正 I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. 析 like作为喜
3、欢讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词像讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。 误 Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice? 正 Stop! Did you hear a strange voice? 析 hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someo
4、ne calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于看的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。 误 Did you watch some film recently? 正 Did you see some film recently? 析 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。 误 Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling. 正 Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling. 析 hang有两个含义，
5、挂，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung; 绞刑，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。 误 How long can I borrow this book? 正 How long can I keep this book? 析 借在英文中有三个词， 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library? 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you. 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it
6、? 误 We have won your class. 正 We have beaten your class. 析 win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game. 误 I left my key. 正 I forgot my key. 正 I left my key at home. 析 leave是丢下，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。 误 Oh! Its raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you. 正 Oh! It
7、s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you. 析 bring为带来如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为带走，fetch为去某处取什么回来，如：Please fetch some coffee for us 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如： take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脱下 takeout 拿出 take place 发生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 ta
8、ke a seat 坐下take ones place 替代 take a look 看看 take ones turn 轮流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急take ones time 慢慢来 take ones temperature 测量体温 误 The policeman reached his gun. 正 The policeman reached for his gun. 析 reach作到达讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 830但作伸手去拿，则要用reach for some
9、thing。作为到达讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有： get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车 get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达 get ready for=be ready for get on well with 与人相处融洽 get 加比较级为变得如何，例如： get colder and colder. 误 This dictionary spent me five dollars. 正 This dictionary
10、cost me five dollars. 析 英文中的花费有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book. 误 In summer I always sleep with the windows opened. 正 In summer I always sleep wit
11、h the windows open. 正 I always sleep with the windows closed. 析 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。误 Please wait a minute. Im having on my clothes. 正 Please wait a minute. Im putting on my clothes. 析 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a
12、new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当穿衣讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldnt dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white. 误 My computer cant begin. Could you find someone to help me? 正 My computer cant
13、 start. Could you find someone to help me? 析 begin与start均可指开始，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car cant start. There must be something wrong with it. 作为旅途开始讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road. 误 Im very glad
14、 because I have founded my lost key. 正 Im very glad because I have found my lost key. 析 find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词建立，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 误 Please. Lets speak in English. 正 Please. Lets speak English. 正 Please. Le
15、ts talk in English. 误 Can you speak it English? 正 Can you say it in English? 析 英文中说有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
16、误 Can you say Japanese from Chinese? 正 Can you tell Japanese from Chinese? 析 tellfrom为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。 误 Excuse me, did I step on your foot? 正 Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot? 析 excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。 误 Would you care for to swim with us? 正 Would you care to swim with u
17、s? 析 care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作照顾讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有： ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备 thank somebody for something 为某事
18、向某人道谢。 误 Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it. 正 Do you understand it? Yes, I got it. 析 understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为到达讲时是不及物动词，如：Ill get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下： belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着get to 到达 refer to 谈到 sti
19、ck to 坚持lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望agree to 同意 误 The meat has gone badly. 正 The meat has gone bad. 析 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。 误 The teacher said the earth moved around the sun. 正 The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 析 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是
20、过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。 误 Ill come to see you as soon as Ill be back. 正 Ill come to see you as soon as I am back. 析 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back. 误 I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not. 正 I want to know whether you wil
21、l come to my party tomorrow or not. 析 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow youll come here or not. 误 What did you do at eight last night? 正 What were you doing at eight last night? 析 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing cloth
22、es from eight till noon last Sunday 误 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didnt go with them, because I have seen it before. 正 My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didnt go with them because I had seen it before. 析 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动
23、作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：Ive learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去) 误 Im feeling well now. 正 I feel well now. 析 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want
24、表示感情的动词：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear 表示状态的词：belong, own 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste 误 When have you done this work? 正 When did you do this work? 析 when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。 误 This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries. 正 This is our new English tea
25、cher. He has been to many foreign countries. 析 have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。 误 I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 正 I have kept this book for two weeks. 析 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun. 但要讲When I got to the cinema the f
26、ilm had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。 I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。 I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。 I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。 My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。 My father has b
27、een dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。 误 Have you understood the lessons? 正 Do you understand the lessons? 析 有些动词不易用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道) 误 It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939. 误 It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939. 析 在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。课后巩固计划：1、复习所学知识点2、准备下次阶段测试学生对于本次课的评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字：_教师评定：1、学生上次作业评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差2、学生本次上课情况评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 教师签字：_教师评语：六、家长意见及建议 家长签字：_七、主任审核批复 教导主任签字：_ 龙文教育教务处制