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1、精品名师归纳总结高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词情态动词的语法特点1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期望或估量某事的发生。2） 情态动词除 ought和 have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。比较 can 和 be able to1） cancould 表示才能。可能过去时用 could,只用于现在式和过去式could 。 be able to 可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soo
2、n.他很快就能告知你消息了。2）只用 be able toa. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示胜利的做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用 could 。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.留意： could 不表示时态1）提出委婉的恳求, （留意在回答中不行用could）。- Could I have the television on
3、.- Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 2）在否定,疑问句中表示估量或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。比较 may 和 might1） 表示答应或恳求。表示没有把握的估量。may 放在句首,表示希望。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结May God bless you.He might be at home.留意： might表示估量时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成语： may/might as well ,后面接不带 to 的不定式,意为 不妨 。If that is the case, we m
4、ay as well try.典型例题Petercome with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will答案 B.表可能性只能用 may.此句意可从后半句推出。比较 have to 和 must1) 两词都是 必需 的意思, have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请
5、来。客观上需要做这件事 He said that they must work hard.他说他们必需努力工作。 （主观上要做这件事）2) have to 有人称、数、时态的变化,而must 只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定结构中：dont have to 表示 不必 mustnt 表示 禁止 ,You dont have to tell him about it. 你不肯定要把此事告知他。You mustnt tell him about it. 你肯定不要把这件事
6、告知他。must 表示估量1) must 用在确定句中表示较有把握的估量,意为 肯定 。2) must 表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的估量时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一成天, 肯定累了。（对现在情形的估量判定）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He must be working in his office.他肯定在办公室工作了。比较：He must be staying there. 他现在确定呆在那里。 He must stay the
7、re.他必需呆在那。3) must 表示对已发生的事情的估量时,must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。4) must 表示对过去某时正发生的事情的估量,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。-Why didnt you answer my phone call.-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定估量用 cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, h
8、e cant be home yet.假如汤姆五点才离开这儿, 他此时肯定仍未到家。表示估量的用法can, could, may, might, must皆可表示估量,其用法如下：1）情态动词 +动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情形的估量,此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2）情态动词 +动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情形进行估量。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。3）情态动词 +动词
9、完成时。表示对过去情形的估量。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 的是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4）情态动词 +动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的估量。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈肯定始终在找你。5）估量的否定形式,疑问形式用cant, couldn
10、t 表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克肯定仍没有找回他的车,由于早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。留意： could, might 表示估量时不表示时态,其估量的程度不如can, may。情态动词 +have+ 过去分词1) maymight have + done sth, can could have + done sth表示过去,估量过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may might have been hurt seriously in the car accident
11、. Philip can could have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的估量,语气较强,具有 确定 , 谅必 的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应当做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了 。You ought to sho
12、uld have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away. （事实上已扔了。 ）ought to 在语气上比 should 要强。4) neednt have done sth 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineednt have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth本准备做某事I would like to have
13、 read the article, but I was very busy then.should 和 ought toshould 和 ought to 都为 应当 的意思,可用于各种人称。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结-Ought he to go.-Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由should（应当）、had better 最好）、must（必需）渐强。had better 表示最好had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do
14、 sthIt is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth 表示与事实相反的结果,意为原来最好 。You had better have come earlier.would rather 表示 宁愿 would rather do would rather not dowould rathe r than宁愿 而不愿。仍有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner 都表示 宁愿 、 宁可 的意思。If I
15、 have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题-Shall we go skating or stay at home.-Whichdo.A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather答案 B 。此题考查情态动词rather 的用法, woul
16、d rather +do sth意为 宁愿 ,此题为疑问句, would提前,所以选 B。will 和 wouldwould rather do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结would rather not dowould rather than宁愿 而不愿。仍有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner 都表示 宁愿 、 宁可 的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go
17、home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题-Shall we go skating or stay at home.-Whichdo.A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather答案 B 。此题考查情态动词rather 的用法, would rather +do sth意为 宁愿 ,此题为疑问句, would提前,所以选 B。情态动词的回答方式问句确定回答否定回答Need you .Yes, I must. No,I neednt Mu
18、st you ./dont have to.典型例题1） -Could I borrow your dictionary.-Yes, of course, you.A. mightB. willC. canD. should答案 C.could 表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示确定的语气,答应某人做某事时,用can 和 may 来表达,不能用 could 或 might 。复习： will与 you 连用, 用来提出要求或下命令。should 与 you 连用,用来提出劝说。2） -Shall I tell John about it.-No, you. Ive to
19、ld him already.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt答案 A 。neednt 不必, 不用。 wouldnt将不 , 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、 不能。 shouldnt不应当。此题为不需要,不必的意思,应用neednt。 3） -Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结-.A. I dontB.I wontC. I cantD. I havent答案 B.will既可当作情态动词,表恳求、建议、也可作为实义动词表 意愿、意志、
20、决心 ,此题表示决心,选B。带 to 的情态动词带 to 的情态动词有四个： ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上 have got to ,=must, be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以留意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month.She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to se
21、e a heart specialist at once.ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词帮助。典型例题Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told答案 A 。由于后句为过去时,告知隐秘的动作又发生在其前因,此的应用过去完成时, 但它在情态动词ought to 后,所以用 have。比较 need 和 dare这两词既可做实义动词用, 又可做情态动词用。 作为情态动词, 两者都只能
22、用于疑问句, 否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必需带to,而 dare 作实义动词用时 , 后面的 to 经常可以被省略。1) 实义动词： need（需要 , 要求）need + n. / to do sth2) 情态动词： need,只用原形 need 后加 do,否定形式为need not。Need you go yet.Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被动含义： need, want, require, worth（形容词） 后面接 doing 也可以表示被动：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结need doing = need to be done可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载