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1、精品名师归纳总结美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁 部分 Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions1. Why did Franklin write his Autobiography.Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life a
2、nd would like to repeat it2. What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed.His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3. How
3、 did he arrive in Philadelphia.First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia,he arrived there about eight or nine ok, on the Sundcaloycmorni
4、ng and landed at the Market Street wharf.4. What features do you find in the style of the above selection.It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision言简意赅 . The narrative is lucid易懂的 , the structure is simple, the imagery is homely朴实的 .Unit 2 Edgar Allen PoeQuestions1.Who is th
5、e narrator. What wrong does he want to redress. Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him. 2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar.He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare a
6、ndvaluable sherry wine.Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3. What happens to Fortunato in the end.He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.4. Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as c
7、ontrasts.Poe uses color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dresses the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresors masked motives.The color schemes here represent the irony of Fortu
8、natos death sentence.Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just because a cask of Amontillado.This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity酗酒） . He lost himself on hearing the wine.At the same time, he was cheated by h
9、is enemy, which reflected his ignorance.When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and arrogant.He was easily confusedby the superficialphenomenaand failed to watch out for others. He couldn t tolerate that others were stronger than him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结For
10、 example, Montresor always stimulated him with Luchresi who was good at connoisseur（ 鉴赏） in wine. Under the impulse of vanity, he fell into Montresor s terrible trap.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结In fact, he was careless and foolish and didn He looked down upon Montresor and others.find that the dangetr w
11、as approaching him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He didn t realize his foolishness until the death was coming.Talking from the appearance, Monstresor was a well-educated and“ kind” businessman. He enjoyed the honor and respect in the city. But in fact, he was an evil and awful person.His inner feelings we
12、re so cruel that they even made people tremble. Under his rich appearance was the dirty soul and despicable character.We couldn t see any glorious virtues in his mind. Instead, his heart was cold and dark.It was the revenge that threw Montresor into the deep evil valley.unit 4 Nathaniel HawthorneQue
13、stions :1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 .No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their“ Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine
14、, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sinthe notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Gardenof Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized lifeWhat is
15、 the implication of the description of the roses.The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast mans activities.The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Natures kindness to the condemned; for his tale, hesays, it will provide either a“ sweet moral blossom” or else so
16、me relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2. Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her. The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval.Several of the women
17、 begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges.One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3. What has happened to Hester.As a young woman, Hester married an e
18、lderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live.While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl.The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter
19、 A so elaborate.It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin.In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the“ sin ” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child.And althoughshe can hardlybelieve her present“ realities, she t”ak es themas theyare rathertha
20、n可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结resisting them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character.ThroughoutThe Scarlet LetterHesteris portrayedas an intelligent,capable.It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit5 Herman MelvilleQuestio
21、ns1. What are the stories Ismael tells about Moby Dick.Ishmael compares the legend of Moby Dick to his experience of the whale.He notes that sperm whale attacks have increased recently and that superstitious sailors have come to regard these attacks as having an intelligent, even supernatural origin
22、.In particular, wild rumors about Moby Dick circulate among whalemen, suggesting that he can be in more than one place at the same time and that he is immortal. Ishmael remarks that even the wildest of rumors usually contains some truth.Whales, for instance, have been known to travel with remarkable
23、 speed from the Atlantic to the Pacific;thus, it is possible for a whale to be caught in the Pacific with the harpoons of a Greenland ship in it.Moby Di ck, who has defied capture numerous times, exhibits an“ intell（ige狠nt毒m）aligninityhis”attacks on men2. Why does Ahab react so violently against the
24、 white whale. First, he lost one of his legs because of the white whale.Second,He considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale，because he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil.Ishmael suggests that Ahab is“ crazy” and call him“ a raving luna
25、tic.” Do you agree with him. Why or not.Ishmael describes Ahab as mad in his narration, and it does indeed seem mad to try to fight the forces of nature or God.3. What narrative features can you find in the selected chapter.In the selected charpter, Melville employed the technique of multiple view o
26、f his narrative to portray Moby Dick to achieve the effect of ambiguity and let readers judge the meaning.Unit 7 19thCentury American Poets1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow 1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song.The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen
27、by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again.He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem.The images of arrow and song here
28、 may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem.The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact t
29、hat each day brings us nearer to death.We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of Footprints on the sand of time line 28. The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman 1Ones Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about ones self.It is an exaltati
30、on of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy.Physiologyis a science thatdeals withthefunctionsandlife processofhumanbeings,whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the ap
31、pearance of aperson.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of the Modern Man.He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.(3) O Captain. My Captain.1. Why is the word Captain capitalized throughout the poem.In this p
32、oem the word“ Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem. Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad.They welcome the ship returning from its hard
33、 trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3. Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie 1. What things are needed to make a prairie. In what sense can one really do it.Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.2. H
34、ow can revery alone create a prairie. The prairie stays in ones mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success counted sweetest by those who neer succeed.Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are the purple host.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结T
35、he so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is he in the last stanza. Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3) Im Nobody.1. Who are the pair of us and they in this poem.The pair of us refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and they refers to the public, especially those in power.2. W
36、hat does an admiring bog really mean. line 28.It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem.The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be nobody or somebody. Explain your reasons.Differe
37、nt persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit 8 Mark TwainQuestions1: Why do you think Mr.Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories.From Mr.Wheeler s behavioarnsd contents of his narration wecan know heis so eager to tellthesestories.First, when I a
38、sked him to tell me something about W.Smiley, he“ backed me into a cornerblockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative” . And during the process o telling his stories, he never paid any attention to othersresponse to his story and just went on telling whatamused him. At
39、 last when the listener felt boring and wanted to leave, Mr.Wheeler even didnt notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.Question2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories. No. the audience does not showany interest in Mr.Wheeler stories. In fact, the narrator
40、 was very feverish about his stories, but ,in the eyes of the listener,the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As aneducated man, the listener couldnt understand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never botherhimself to understand it. So after the long time
41、of Mr.Wheeler solo naurrdaiteionnceangdotwhen the a a chance, he fled away.Question3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor. Why. How do you interpret their interactions. The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor.During the
42、 intercourse,the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative wihout a little smiling talking about the animals and the things like ,while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories.It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without a
43、intersection.Andtheirinteractionwasacompletefailureaccordingtoourcommonsenseaboutcommunication.But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain.Unit 14 FScott Fitzgerald1. Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called“ the great
44、 ” . Why.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（ 1） I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to begreat or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love andDaisy thathe could do anythingto get Daisy back:he did shady busines
45、s to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy s attention; he could take the blame for a deaththat he did not cause.（2） In this respect, he is muchgreater than his contemporaries. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasnt the girl he loved anymore
46、. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everythingon his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. He wasnt sober enough to be great. 2.Does “the green light” Gatsby believed in exist in reality.Why or why not .（1） I think the green light does not exist in reality. Because the green
47、 light which situated at theend of Daisy s East Egg dock and barely visible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby s unattainabledream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsbys quest for Daisy back isdoomedtobe impossible.Daisy livedin a materialworldwithoutbeingreal,wherepoor ghost s, breathing dream like air.（2） A