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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -英语句子成分及句子结构句子结构 -五种简洁的基本句型1. 主语 +不及物动词如 Shecame.Myhead aches.2. 主语 +及物动词+宾语如 She likesEnglish.3. 主语 +系动词+表语如 Sheishappy.4. 主语 +双宾动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语如 Hegave Johna book.5. 主语 +宾补动词+宾语 +宾语补语如She makes hermotherangry.Theteacherasked metireadanewspaper.英语句子基本构成成分:主
2、语:可以作主语的成分出名词 (如 boy),主格代词(如 I ,we, he, she,they ),数词、动词不定式,动名词等。最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动 词不定式 。主语一般在句首。1名词作主语English is very important.英语是很重要的。The studentsall love their English teacher.这些同学都爱他们的英语老师。2代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。3动名词作主语Watching TV too muchis bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。I
3、t s no urseegretting it.懊悔是无用的。4动词不定式 短语作主语To seeis to believe. 眼见为实。It is necessaryto master a foreign language.把握一门外语是很必要的1可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都表达在动词的变
4、化上,一般在主语之后。( 1)及物动词作谓语We shouldhelp each other. 我们应当相互帮忙。All of the students like the novel. 全部这些同学都宠爱这本小说。( 2)不及物动词作谓语You rderiving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。The teachercame in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。( 3)连系动词作谓语He looksworried.他看起来很担忧。The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。4 复合谓语: 由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:You
5、 may keep the book for two weeks. 由助动词加动词原形 ,现在分词 ,过去分词构成。如:Do you speakEnglish? They are working in a field. He has caughta bad cold.留意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一样。宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后, 一般同主语成分一样, 不同的是构成宾语的代词必需是 ”代词宾格 ”如: me, us, him ,her ,themI like Chinese food. 我宠爱中国菜。I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。I enjoyed t
6、alking to you. 我和你谈话很兴奋。He wantedto have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。We hopedthat you would stay for a few days.我们期望你能多待几天的。直接宾语和间接宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人, 一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如:He gavemesome ink. 他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher toldusan interesting story.老师给我们讲了一个好玩的故事。间接宾语直接宾语2可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下
7、载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -表语:与连系动词连用, 构成系表结构, 说明主语的身份或特点, 一般由 形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:The flower is beautiful.They arebrother and sister. 他们是兄妹。Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲 65 岁。The poor boy wa
8、smyself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.你只需从机场打个的即可。My favourite sport is swimming.我最宠爱的运动是游泳。定语:定语为句子的次要成分, 起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为 前置定语和后置定语 。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词 短语或句子充当。如: 1 His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。(代词)2) Mr. Green hastwo sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。(数词)3)
9、The girl under the treeis Kate. 在树下的那个女孩是凯特。 (介词短语)4) I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。5) This is a green cup.这是一个绿色的杯子。 (形容词)6)The peoplehere are very friendly.(副词)这里的人们特别友好。7) Would you like something to drink. 你想要些喝的东西吗?(不定式)8) A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。( V-ing)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结
10、9) The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted(.送往委员会的建议被接受了。过去分词)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10) Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green.(定从) 你熟悉站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、的点、方式、缘由、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很敏捷,常见情 况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首。修饰形容词或副词 时,通常位于被修饰的词之前。的点状语一般须在时间状语
11、之前。一些 表示不确定时间(如: often)或程度(如: almost)的副词状语通常位于 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。(1) 时间状语3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上 5:30 起床。Hearing the news, they
12、 felt very excited.听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。Jim went to Shanghai yesterday. 时间状语,句末(2) 的点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。I met him in the street. 的点状语 (3) 程度状语He is quite young. (修饰 adj.,放在 adj.前)(4) 目的状语We ll go to the beachfor a picnic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He took some change from his pocket to b
13、uy a newspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.她早早的起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。Please do it as I told you. 请按我告知你的去做。(6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never l
14、ose heart.无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心。(7) 条件状语If you don t work hard, you ll fall behind the others.假如你不努力学习,你将落后于别人。Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.假如赐予更多的关怀的话,这些花将长得更好。(8) 缘由状语We didn t go to the pabrekcause of the bad weather.由于天气不好,我们没有去公园。Because he was il,l he didn t go to school
15、.4可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -由于病了,他没有去上学。(9) 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风是如此的猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行。He left early, so that he caught the train.他早早的离去, 结果因此赶上
16、了火车。(10) 相伴状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.这位医生匆忙离去,胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students老.师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群同学。补语:补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。1) WecallherXiao L i.(名词)宾语 宾语补足语2) Youmust keepthe
17、roomclean and tidy. (形容词)宾语宾语补足语3) Johnaskedmeto help him with his Chines.e (动词不定式)宾语宾语补足语4) Iwill havemy haircuttomorrow. (过去分词)宾语宾语补足语5) Wesawthe boyplaying basketballon the playground just now. (v-ing)宾语宾语补足语6) Rain makesplants grow. 雨水使植物生长。(动词原形) 宾语宾补留意: 后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, c
18、hoose 等,后跟形容词 作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式 作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词 如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, sound,等,使役动词 如 let, have, make 等,动词不定式不带 to。英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型 1: Subject 主语 Verb 谓语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不行以直接接宾语 。常见的动词如: work, sing, swim, fish, jump,5可编辑资料 - - - 欢
19、迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。 如: 1 Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2 The accidenthappenedyesterday afternoon. 3)Springis coming.4) We have lived in the c
20、ity for ten years.5) The sun was shining.太阳在照射着。二、句型 2: Subject 主语 Link. V 系动词 Predicate表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的身份、特点等。其系动词一般可分为以下两类:1表示状态。 这样的词有: be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, kee等p 。如:1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些着急。3) The dinner smells good.
21、午餐的气味很好。2表示变化 。这类系动词有: become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:1) Spring comes. It isgetting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越温和。2) The treehas grownmuch taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。3) His face turned red.他的脸红了。三、句型 3: Subject主语 Verb 谓语 Object 宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词 , 所谓及物动词, 就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语 ,其宾语通常由名词 、代词、动词不定式 、动
22、名词或从句等来充当。例:1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. 代词当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮忙。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day(.她准备在即将到来的 “五一”外出旅行。4) She likes watching TV.(动名词) 她宠爱看电视。5)I don t knowwhat I should do next. 从句我不知道下一步该干
23、什么。不定式)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结留意:英语中的很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。6可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -四、句型 4: Subject主语 Verb谓语 Indirect object间接宾语 Direct object 直接宾语 这种句型中, 直接宾语为主要宾语, 表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的
24、,在句中不行或缺, 常常由表示 “物”的名词来充当。 间接宾语也被称之为其次宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大, 多由指 “人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结如: 1 Her father bought her a dictionaryas a birthday presen她t.一本词典作为生日礼物。2) The old man alwaystells the children storiesabout the her
25、oes inthe Long March.老人常常给孩子们叙述长征途中那些英雄的故事。3) Sandygave the dog some food.桑迪给狗喂了些食物。上述句子仍可以表达为:爸爸给她买了可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1)Her father bought a dictionary for heras a birthday present. 2)The old man alwaystells storiesabout the heroesto thechildren in the Long March.3)Sandy gave some food to the
26、dog.五、句型 5: Subject主语Verb 动词Object 宾语 Complement补语 此句型的句子的共同特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语仍不能表达完整的意思,必需加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语 有规律上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语 。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等。或者表示 让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:1)You should keep the roomclean and tidy. (形容词)
27、 你应当让屋子保持洁净洁净。2) They painted the door green.形 容词 他们把门漆成绿色。3) We made himour monitor.名词我们选他当班长。4) What makes him think so. (动词原形)他怎么会这样想?5) His father told him not to play in the street.不定式 7可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结
28、资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -他父亲告知他不要在街上玩。6)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketbal.l现在分词 7) I saw a cat running across the road.现在分词 我观察一只猫跑过了公路.8) Yesterday I had a picturetaken with two Americans. 过去分词 昨天我跟两个美国人合了张影。9)I found it difficult to learn English.(形容词。 It 充当形式宾语, to l
29、earn English 是真正的宾语。) 我发觉学英语很难。简洁句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词,后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语,不及物后无需连。及物又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见。仍有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间。Exercises:指出以下句子中划线部分的成分。1We all study hard atEnglish.A.主语B.谓语C. 宾语D.表语 2Betty likes her new bike very much.A.主语B. 谓语C.宾语D. 表语 3My brother is a policeman.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语 4Wer
30、e you at homelast night.A. 定语B.状语C.宾补D. 表语 5Winter is the coldestseason of the year.A 定语B. 状语C.宾补D.表语 6He often walks in the park.A. 定语B.状语C.宾语D. 表语 7Mary asked meto help her yesterday.A. 定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - -
31、欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -8He bought me a nice present last week.A. 宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补 9His parentsare doctors.A. 宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语 10I ll get you somteea now.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补 11My mother told us an interesting storylast night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补 12He has read the book twice
32、.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语 13They seemedunhappy when they heard the news.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语 14Do you have somethingto eat .A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补 15We made himour monitor.A.宾语B.定语C. 状语D. 宾补Exercises:指出以下句子的基本类型1They are listening. 2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday prese
33、nt. 5I painted the wall white.6The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day. 7They arrived at six o clock.8The map is on the wall 9Children often sing this song. 10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures. 12I find him a lovely boy.9可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料
34、名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -请朗读以下句子,划分以下句子的成分,并指出他们分别属于简洁句中的哪种。1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people t
35、o return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops don t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.10可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载