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1、精品名师归纳总结2021 中考英语：短文填空题 12 选 10答题指导与练习一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空， 其特点是将一篇短文中的假设干个词抽出后，要求考生依据短文的意思， 在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。 它是测试同学们懂得才能及对词汇、 语法和习惯用法等的把握情形的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其缘由是考点不明确：凡涉及英文的懂得、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文的理、历史人文、科技进展、旅行广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容和语法的词或词组。但凡课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范畴，各种介词、 副词和习惯用法也会经常
2、考到。特别对于长句子，特别要留意其结构，要精确的分析句子成分。在做综合填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，懂得的精度就越高。依据其难度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。二、短文填空解题思路1. 跳过空格，通读短文，明白大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，明白全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，估量全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判定词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境， 结合所学过的学问，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再依据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，
3、再依据词语搭配和语法规章，判定所填的词的正确形式。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯摸索。可从上、下文内容是否和谐一样、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必需重新推敲考虑。三、做短文填空题的留意之处1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容动身，前后上下联系起来考虑， 防止“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中查找线索，从中得到提示和启示，帮忙确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可防止想当然的任凭乱填。3. 填词时应留意词形，不行简洁的都填原形词。假设空格内填的是名词，要
4、考虑其单复数形式 ;假设填的是形容词或副词，就要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如假设填的是动词，就要特别留意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，仍要考虑其首字母的大写。4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，仍要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能答应有多个正确答案， 但只能选择其中一个填入，由于完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。1Pass use open close with break help so other another pleasant doAme
5、rican people like to say“ Thank you ” whenever othersthem or saysomething kind to them. People of many countries do, too. It is a very good habit习惯.You should say“ thank you ” when someoneyou the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the doorfor you, when someone says you haveyo
6、ur work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful.“ Thankyou ”isnot onlybetween friends, but also between parents and children,brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “ Excuseme” isshort sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody
7、wants to walk past you touching you.It s not polite toothers while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “ Excuse me ” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make anynoise before others.Let s all learn to say“Thank you ” and “Excuse me” .
8、2Snow rain become get from lose write put in care wet dryOnce Einstein 爱因斯坦 was waitingfora friendon a bridge. Whilewaiting,he becamein thought 陷入深思 . It began. The rain kept on for some time. When Einsteinout a piece of paperhis pocketsomething down, the paper wasand then he knew that it was rainin
9、g. His clotheswet from可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结the rain. But after he the rain.the paper into his pocket, he again forgothe was standing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too in their studies.3Ask like for cut soon have pass past why mee
10、t if agreeA barber理发师 was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结him. The barber wasto give him a shave 刮脸 and the child a haircut 理发 After the man had his shave, he told the barber that he wouldto go down thestreeta drink while the barberthe boy s hair.
11、 The man also promised the boy that he would be back.It took the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hourand the boy was still kept waiting. In the end the barber asked the boyhis father was away so long.The small boy toldthe barber that the man was not his father at all.He said h
12、e him in the street and was askedhe would like to have a haircut. He and followed the man here for a haircut.4Quick food much when kitchen so such send bring still surprise manyMany years ago, an English familywere livingin China. One evening an importantChinese officercame to visitthem. It got late
13、r and later, and hedidn t go, so the hostess 女主人 invited him to have dinner with them. But she had very littlein thehouse, so shewent to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. He said,“ It is all righ You will have a very good dinner.” they all sat down to eat, the lady was verybecause there was
14、 very good food on the table.After the dinner, the hostess ran to theand said to the cook,“ How do you madea good meal in half an hour. ”“ I didn t make it, madam, ” he said, “ Ione of the servants 仆人 to the Chinese officer s house, and heback the Chinese officer s dinner.”5Third long arrive still n
15、ow to pass begin after something hour otherBob was tired of waiting for his sister s plane to. The plane should have come at halfthree P.M. and now, sevenlater, Bob waswaiting.There had beentimes for him to hear the explanation 说明 why the plane was late from可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结the loudspeaker. t
16、he firsttime,Bob had to eat. The second timehe可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 to walk in the airport飞机场 from one end to. By the third time hewas tired and hungry.“ Howwill this go on. ” Bob said to himself.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6Big call without more little in house out come weather just windowBefore win
17、dows were used , oldin Europe欧洲 and Britain were very dark.There great rooms were highonlyone hole on the roof 房顶 to let the smoke fromcooking fire. Later, people began to make the holesto have more light and air in their homes.The first English window wasa small opening in the wall. It was cut long
18、 to let in aslight as possible, and narrow狭窄 to keep out the bad. But more wind than light wouldin if the window was cut long. This is why it was “The wind s eye”. And the word “” comes from two ancient 古代的 words for“wind ” and “ eye” .7While many know hear in each empty both care across before safe
19、Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road.of these people are old people and children.Oldpeople are often killedbecause they can t see or very well.Children are often killed because they are not. They forget to look and listen before theythe road.A car or a bus can t stop if
20、it is going very fast, it will travel many metresit stops. Some people don t always understand this. Theythink a car can stopa fewmetres. It is difficulttohow fast a car moving.The onlyway to cross the roads is to lookways, right and left. Then if the roads are, you can cross them.8Good slow study m
21、ust strong play watch say return mean need hardWhat is best way to study. This is a very important question. Some students often study veryfor long hours. This is ahabit习惯 , but itis not a better way to study. A good studenthave enough sleep, enough food, enough rest. Every day youto take a walk orb
22、asketball or table tennis or sing songs. When youto your studies, you will find yourselfthan before and you ll learn more.Perhaps we canthat learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We that like Chinese medicine, the effects成效 of your study comebut surely. Learn every day and effects will c
23、ome just like Chinese medicine.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9They, careful, be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decideI am eighteen years old this year. I1a pupil before and now I m a university student. My mother was my first teacher when I was very little. Then, I had three2teachersin different
24、 schools. Now Miss Williams is one of my university teachers.I have never expected that I will be a teacher one day. I am a shy girl and I am afraid of 3before many people. I do not know4to say. But I willbe a teacher tomorrow. Tomorrow morning.I made this5just two weeks ago. Miss Williams, my Engli
25、sh teacher, told me there was a teacher job, just for two weeks in this summer. She asked if I6be interested. I wanted to make some money, so I said ”yes” to her . At once I regretted but it was too late to7my word back.There are about twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They know very littl
26、e English. I have8read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the lessons are very simple, in9 too simple. I do not know what to do with these few simple words and sentences. I will read the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me, and then ask them to read it10. That will be about ten minute
27、s. What shall I do next. 1 We can t stop an earthquake 的震 , but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy毁坏 whole cities. First, it is not a 1 .idea to build houses along lines where 2. of the earth s plates板块 join together. Second, if you think there 3.be anearthquake, it is better to build h
28、ouses on rocks , not on 4. Third, you must make the houses as 5.as possible. Weak buildingswillfall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. Scientists are 7.that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco旧金山 . They call it“ The Big One” . However, people today are
29、 still building more 8. The population in and around San Francisco is 9. ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10.there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. 2 forget, bring， mend，beside， luck ，pick ，same， differently, I，every , stop， each Mr. Brow
30、n had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1himbroken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3to take an umbrella with him that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbre
31、lla standing 4the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5up the umbrella as he often did during his journeyby train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6by the man. He said angrily, “ That s7 . ”Mr. Browns face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the b
32、ig shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said,“ You ve mended them very well.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas,“ You ve had a 10man was in the same seat.day,” he s
33、aid.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name say 3 A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. out to him,“ What are you growing , Grandpa.” The old man 2 .for a moment, then said, “ Swim over 3.I ll
34、tell you.” The farmer didn t like the 4. of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5.the old man wasdoing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. in his ear,“n mI y7.m planting peas i .”“ You should have shouted. I would have 8.quite clearly on that side. ” Said the farmer.“ Oh, no, I woul
35、dn t 9.that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. my peas.” 4 telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cat s first winter. One evening it was1.when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2.it every
36、where and shoutedits name, but she did not find it, 3.she telephone the police and said, “ I have 4. a small black cat. Has 5.found one.”“ No ，madam, ” said the policeman at the other end, “ But cats are really very 6.animals. They sometimes live for days inthe snow, and when it melts 融解 or somebody
37、 finds th em, they are quite 7.”Mrs Andrews felt 8.when she heard this.“ And , ” she said, “ Our cat is very 9. She almost talks.” The policeman was getting tired,“ Well then,” he said“ Why don t you put your 10.down. Maybe she is trying to telephone you now. 5 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结tell, hear, li
38、sten to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other, way , instructionHere are some old ways to sending messages.An Egyptian埃及人 put his ear to the ground. He 1 .the horses comingthis way. He ran to 2.his people .He was a 3.That was one way for Egyptians to send messages.People in 4.countries sent m
39、essage, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5.Much 6., some armies 军队 kept many pigeons鸽子 .These pigeons always 7.back. When a soldier was sent far away from his own 8., he mi
40、ght take a pigeon along. He could tie a message to the bird s leg. It would fly back 9.thesoldier s message. These are shown ways to send messages. Can you think orfem1o0. . 6 before, discover , fast, in, come, watch , so, fastly, it, ago , shine, not canLight travels at a speed速度 which is about a m
41、illion times 1 .than that of sound. 2.one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers, but sound travels only 340 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by 3.the start of a running match. Ifyou stand far away fromthe starter发令员 , you can see smoke 4.fromhis gun5.the sound reaches your e
42、ars. The fast speed of light produces some strange facts. The nearest star is 6.far away that light which you can see from it tonight started to travel to you four years 7.at a speed of nearly two million kilometers every minute. The lightfrom some of tonight s started on 8.journey towards you even
43、before you were born. So,if we want to be honest 老实 , we 9.say ,“ The stars are shining brightly tonight.” We have to say, “ The stars look nice. They were 10.four years ago but their light has just reached our earth. ”happy, interest, problem, never, get away, eye, run , tire, have, miss ,catch, th
44、ink 7 Aman was sitting in the doctors office. He was tellingthe doctor about his 1 . .“ I like football, Doctor. ” He said, “ Please help me. My life has 2.been可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结a good one since I became 3.in football and it is getting worse and worse. I can t even4. from it in my sleep. When
45、I close my 5. , Ithe fomotobuatllthfielde ainnd6.after a flying ball. When I wake up, I m more 7. than I was before I went to bed.What am I going to do.” The doctorcskaat nbda said, “ First of all, you 8. to do your best not to dream 做梦 about football. Before you fall asleep, try to 9. about somethi
46、ng else. Try to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars. ”“ Are you crazy 疯了 .” the man shouted, “ I ll 10.the ball . ” 8 other, move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, friend , carry , trouble, friend You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. Inthe desert we can 1.stones. We can