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1、精品名师归纳总结中考英语总复习阅读懂得专项详解-中考真题透视1讨论近几年全国各省市中考英语试题，我们发觉“阅读懂得”题出现出这样几个特点：题材新奇，原汁原味，趣味性强。贴近生活实际，极具可读性。反映社会热点，富于时代气息。题目设计奇妙，匠心独运。考查才能综合化。选材广泛，信息量大。所涉及内容包罗万象，不仅涉及生活百科，自然科学，而且也触及天文的理，异域风情等。兵法有云：知彼知己，百战不殆。下面就从2003 年全国重点省市中考英语试题中精选出具有代表性、 权威性的试题， 并辅之以解题思路点拨。信任将对同学们决胜中考大有裨益。1 “挑选填空”式Passage 1In the summer of 1
2、978 an English man named Steven was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. Theflattened wheat formed 形成 a circleabout six meters across .Aroundthis circlewere foursmaller circles of flattened wheat.Three years lat
3、er a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger nearly 15 meters across . That same year , another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land one large circle between two smallcircles. During the following ye
4、ars, farmers in England found circles in their fields more and more often.The circles are called “ crop circles ” because they usually appear in fields of wheat or corn.The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing,and the farmers can later harvest it. Farmers
5、always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September. What causes the crop circles.At first, people thought that some kids were making them as a joke, or that farmers weremaking them to attract tourists.In fact,
6、in 1991, two men said they made the circles themselves, but many scientists don t believe them. People tried to copy them: They tried to make circlesexactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldn t do it. They couldn t enter a field wheat without l eaving tracks, and they couldn t flatten
7、the wheat without breaking it.Several times people reported seeing stranger objects near the fields where crop circles laterappeared. Many people believe that these crop circles are the messages sent by living things from outer space外层空间 or the marks left by their spaceships.Scientists who have stud
8、ied the crop circles try to find out what causes them. In the summerof1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part ofEngland where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment最新高科技设备. The equipment worth1.8 milliondollars got nothing.But one night,as the scientists w
9、ere watching a field,cropcircles formed in the field behind them, which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.When Steven discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “ It was just likesomething that had landed in the field from the air
10、 and gone back up again. I don t know what to make of these things.”Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia. Experts from all over the world have studied them, and they say what Steven said: They don t know what to make of these things.1. Which picture is probably
11、the one formed in the field behind the scientists.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. “ Flattened wheat” means .A. broken wheat B. lying wheatC. harvested wheat D. growing wheat3. The passage is mainly about something .A. that is done by living things from outer spaceB. that cannot be solved but found all ar
12、ound the worldC. that cannot be made clear or understoodD. that is discovered and copied by the farmers选自 2003 年北京西城区试题【解题思路点拨】这篇阅读材料属于难度较大的拉档题，介绍了“庄稼圆圈”这个尚未 掀开的世界之谜。1978 年，一位名叫Steven 的英国农夫在麦田里发觉倒伏的小麦形成的一个直径 6 米的大圆圈， 而且在它的四周仍围围着四个小圆。后来， 其它农夫间续发觉类似情 况，只不过圆的大小和分布不同而已。据目击者称，“庄稼圆圈”通常在6 月至 9 月份显现，且在早上被发觉
13、。更让人感到惊奇的是，倒伏的小麦并未折断，仍在连续生长。有人推测这是外星人所为， 或许是他们的飞船留下的痕迹。后来，在日本、美国和俄罗斯等国家也发觉了“庄稼圆圈” 。科学家们使用最新的设备进行了跟踪调查和讨论，结果一无所获。1. A。解答此题， 必需依次弄清田的里留下的圆圈的外形。1978 年发觉的是中间有一个直径约为6 米的大圆，四周分布着4 个小些的圆。即如图B 中的样子。三年后另一农夫发 现的几个直径约为15 米的大圆，他们几乎差不多大，即如图D 所示的那样。就在同一年，又有一个农夫发觉三个圆，一个大些，另两个小，大圆在小圆的中间，如图C 所示。而科学家身后的圆圈与别的都不同，由此可以找
14、到答案A 。2. B。只有真正懂得短文所述的内容之后，才能判定出短语“ Flattened wheat”的准确意思。实际上， 文中第三自然段中“The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing, and the farmers can later harvest it. ”一句已对此短语的意思有所示意。由这几句话，可知小麦既不是折断了的，也不是在生长的，更不是已收成的小麦。3. C。短文中提到很多人信任这是外星人所为Many people believe that these
15、 crop circles are the messages sent by living things from outer space or the marks left by their spaceships. ，但是他们并没有证据。因此A 项不对。虽然很多的方都发觉过“庄稼圆圈”，但并不是在全世界都有，短文中列举了三个国家。故B 项不对。短文中提到有的农夫声称是他们干的，但也予以了否定。由此，C 项是正确答案。通盘考虑全篇的意思，人们不懂得为什么麦田里会显现这种现象，科学家们也没有弄清缘由。短文的最终一段说的也是这个意思。Passage 2Winter is dangerous bec
16、ause it s so difficult to know what is going to happenand accidents take place so easily. Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting 融解 snow, waiting ahead 前面 to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road.Rule Numb
17、er One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly 平稳的 . Sudden movementscan make a car very difficult to control. So every time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on th
18、e seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn t spill 溅 it.Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the furtherdown the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you may be drivingmore quicklythan you think.Generally,
19、allowtwice of your usual stopping可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all time and you will not get into trouble.选自 2003 年上海市试题 1.The writer tries to in this passage.A. show his dislikes
20、about bad winter weatherB.give information about winter weather C.ask people not to drive in winterD.advise people about safe driving in winter 2.People can after reading this passage.A. find out about the weatherB.get some information on driving lessons C.learn about better drivingD.decide which is
21、 the best season for traveling 3.According to the passage, the writer thinks that .A. people should not drive in the snowB. drivers should think more about problems in winter drivingC. people drive too fast in winterD. winter drivers should stop their cars less4. In the passage he writer talks about
22、 a cup of coffee .A. to show how important smooth movements areB. to ask the drivers to bring some soft drinks with themC. to tell the drivers to be more relaxedD. to show how it an be spilled5. Which of the following is NOT true.A. Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.B. Fog and melting sn
23、ow often cause car accidents.C. The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.D. In winter you should drive your car with great care. 6.Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the passage.【解题思路点拨】这篇说明文的大体意思是：由于受山顶上充满的大雾或者融雪下面的冰等等因素的影响，冬季是易发生事故的危急季节。为了行驶安全，要遵循两个原就：一是平稳驾驶。加速或煞车时，动作要尽可能的轻缓
24、一些。二是提防可能会发生的任何事情。路面上的雪越多，就应当把视线放得更远些。当路面显现潮湿，有雪、冰等情形时，将车停下来所需要的时间是不同的。随时预备掌握车辆的运行，驾驶员就不会遇到麻烦。1.D. 依据文中的 “Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is”和“Rule Number Two is to pay attention to”这两句句不难看出，短文的主要内容是就如何在冬季安全驾驶这一问题，向司机们提出的两点建议。故答案为D 。2.C.考虑到安全问题， 作者提出了在各种恶劣天气条件下开车的留意事项。读完本文后，人们自然可以更好的驾驶自己的汽车
25、了。所以答案是C。3.B. 由短文所表达的内容可知，作者教给人们如何在冰雪上谨慎驾驶及如何平稳的煞车。由此，可以将A 、C、D 三项予以排除。此题的答案亦可直接从“Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. ”一句中判定出来。4.A. 作者在短文中说到平稳驾驶时，让人们启动、停车或加速、减速时，动作要轻缓。并举了一个例子，即在座位上放一杯热咖啡，以溅不出来咖啡为宜。用这个例子借以告知人们平稳驾驶的重要性。5.C.A 、B两项的意思在短文的首段可以找到。由短文大意可知，冬季是交通事故简单发生的季节，因此冬季开车应特殊当心，故
26、D 项也是正确的。实际上，由“Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice.”可以排除C 项。另外，通过常识，也可以判定C 项煞车后，车在冰上向可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结前滑行的距离与在平常路面上是一样的是明显错误的。6.B.短文主要是讲如何在冰雪天气里安全驾驶的。由此可将C 项前方有交通事故，减 速慢行 和 D 项前方修路， 谨慎驾驶 挑选掉。 而文中也
27、没有提及A 项前方有雾， 减速慢行 所表达的意思。故答案非B 莫属。Passage 3Four men who would become fathers were in a hospital waiting room while their wives werein labor 分娩 . The nurse arrived and proudly said to the first man,“ Congratulations, sir. You re the father of twins. ”“ What a coincidence 巧合 . I work for the Minnesota
28、 Twins Baseball teams.”Later the nurse returned and congratulated the second father on the birth of his triplets 三胞可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结胎.“ Wow. That s unbelievable. I work for the 3M Company.”An hour later, the nurse returned to congratulate the third man on the birth of his quadruplets可编辑资料 - -
29、 - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结四胞胎 . Surprised,he only could answer, “ I dont believe it. I work for the Four Seasons Hotel. ”After this, everyone turned to the fourth man who had just fainted 晕. The nurse ran fast to his side. As he slowly came to himself, they could hear him speak in a very low voice over andover
30、, “I should never have taken that job at 7-Eleven. I should never have taken that job at7- Eleven. I should never have taken that job at 7- Eleven.”1. Why were the fathers there.A. They were waiting for their wives.B. They were seeing doctors.C. They were waiting for their babies to be born.D. They
31、were working at men nurses there.2. Which of the following is true about the third man.A. He thought the nurse made a mistake.B. He was very surprised at the nurse s words.C. He didn t want to have these babies.D. He should never have worked at 7-Eleven. 3.Why did the fourth man faint when he heard
32、what the nurse told the third man.A. Hew was afraid of having so many babies.B. He was seriously ill.C. He was too excited.D. He was very glad to have 7 babies. 4.At least how many babies would be born according to the story.A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 14.选自 2003 年湖北省黄石市试题【解题思路点拨】这个趣味短篇表达了这样一件事：四个男子在产房外等
33、待各自的妻子生孩子。结果，在 the Minnesota Twins 棒球队效力的男人的妻子生下了一对双胞胎。在 the 3MCompany 上班的男人的妻子生下了三胞胎。而在四季旅社工作的男人的妻子生下了四胞胎。听到护士的介绍之后，那个在7-Eleven 公司做事的男人晕了过去。原先，联想到前三人的工作单位和他们的妻子所生孩子的数目，第四个人生怕自己的妻子生下七个孩子。等他清醒过来之后，不住的唠叨，“我真不该在7-Eleven 上班。”读罢全文，让人捧腹大笑。1. C。短文首句的意思是“在一所医院的候诊室里，四个即将做爸爸的男人等待着各自的妻子分娩 孩子的降生 。”所以答案是C。2. B 。
34、“ Surprised, he only could answer”一句是解题的依据。由于这个人在四季旅社工作， D 项明显是错误的。此人的话语中也没有表达C 项的意思。综合考虑上面两个人的经受，及“ I don t believe it. I work for the Four Seasons Hotel.”可知 A 项也不能入选。3. A 。假如是很兴奋拥有七个孩子的话，第四个人就不至于说出“ I should never have taken可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结that job at 7-Eleven. ”这句话。这个人是在听到第三就消息的时候才晕倒的，并不是
35、病得厉害。由“ As he slowly came to himself” 清醒过来 也可以将B 项排除。依据这个人一再重复的那句话，不难估计出他是可怕拥有那些么多的孩子。4. B 。依据前面三个人的经受，第四个人便依次类推，认为自己的妻子会生下七个孩子。假如事情真的巧合的话，或许会是这样。 但依据生活常识，这个人的妻子至少会生下一个妻 子，算上已经降生的九个孩子，总共是十个。所以答案非D 莫属。此题是一道考查同学推 断才能的好题目，但选项设计不够合理，通读全文就会很简单排除前三个选项。所以假如将四个选项设计成：A. 9. B. 10. C. 11. D. 16.这样会增加题目的困惑性，更能考
36、查同学的规律 推理才能。Passage 4Itis sometimes said that the Englishare politepeople. Thiscan make life difficult for foreigners. Suppose a foreign boy asks an English girl to go out with him and she says,“If I finish my work, I ll meet you in the cafe at 7 o clock. ” Is she saying“ yes” or“ no” tohis invitati
37、on.In grammaticalterms, she is usingthe conditionalstructure.Byusing the conditional, speakers of English can avoid giving a “ yes ” or “ no ” answer to a question. It enables peopleto be diplomatic. If the girl doesnt want to go out with the boy, she won t turn up at the cafeS. hewill let him under
38、stand she is still working. If she wants to go out with him, but doesnappear too easy to catch, she has achieved that with her reply. But in this case, as she uses the first conditional that shows probability; she is quite likely to turn up at the cafe. Being polite can makelife very difficult.The c
39、onditional is often used by people in the news politicians, for example who wish to avoid speaking out their ideas. This is very importantif they are on their way to discuss an agreement. No one wants to give away his or her points before he or she starts. A governmentspokesman might say to a group
40、of workers,“ If we could pay you more, we would.” The usethe conditionalhere makes roomforargumentalthoughthespeaker isusingthesecond conditional form, which shows improbability. So it is unlikely the workers will get their rise.“ If” is a small word, which appears often in the English language. It
41、can show politeness,reported speech and conditionals such as the First - probability - if I can come to your party, Iwill; the Second - improbability - if I saw you tomorrow, Id give you the book; and the Third - impossibility meaning it is too late to change something that has happened - if you hav
42、e told me, I would have helped you.注： conditional structure表示条件的句式avoid 防止diplomatic动听的achieve 达到politician政客1. The using of the conditional can make a speech .A. clearerB. QuickerC. more politeD. more exciting2. Which of the following is true according to the passage.A. Language used in the news sh
43、ould make room to argue.B. Usually English girls are not easy to catch.C. English people never speak out their ideas in public.D. The word“ if ” can show different meanings.3. In the passage, “ If we could pay you more, we would.” probably means .A. the workers will make more moneyB. the spokesman d
44、oesn t give any promiseC. the spokesman keeps his wordD. the workers problems aren t difficult4. This passage is mainly talking about .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. the conditional in communicationB. how to invite a girl in BritainC. British people and their lifeD. some language points in daily English
45、选自 2003 年北京海淀区试题【解题思路点拨】这篇夹叙夹议的小品文难度颇大。短文就条件句在人际交往中的运用 这一内容绽开。 在日常生活中，英国人是很讲礼貌的，他们通常使用表示条件的句式，以便使说出的话更委婉些。条件句的使用当然能使双方都不失风光，但它实际上非但不能使谈话 的内容更加清晰，而且使得生活变得困难起来。条件句通常为政客所用，这样可以给他们的谈话留有商议的余的。文章最终讲到“if ”这个词的众多含义，它不仅表示委婉和可能性，仍能表示不大可能，甚至表示不行能。1. C。短文首句就说英国人很有礼貌。在接下来的其次自然段中，作者举例说明白英国人使用条件句的目的，那就是为了使自己的谈话委婉些
46、。考虑到“as she uses the first conditional that shows probability.”和“ Being polite can make life very difficult.”这两句话的含义， 可知条件句的使用并不能使谈话的内容更加清晰。恰恰相反， 它使得生活变得困难起来。由此，困惑性较大的A 项可予以排除。2. D 。由短文第三自然段所举的例子，可以推断出作者对政客们的这种做法是持否定态度的，所以选项A 是错误的。选项B 仅仅从短文中举的一个例子就得出结论，未免太片面了些。而 C 项所讲的意思以偏概全，也是不合文意的。短文第四自然段具体说明白 if 一词的不同含义， 它不仅仅可以表示礼貌， 用在间接引语中， 而且也可以表示可能性、 不大可能， 或者不行能。故 D 项是正确的。3. B 。由“ The use of the conditional here makes room for argument although the speaker is using the second conditional form, which shows improbability.”这句话，可以看出条件句的使用给政客们