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1、精品名师归纳总结一时态：一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,常常性的动作或一般性事实。u含有 be 动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be 动词移到句首Is he a teacher.Is the girl very beautiful. Are Tim and Jack students.变否定句在be 动词后面加 notHe is not a teacher.The girl is
2、not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students.确定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books.Does she like him.Does the dog like
3、bones.变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn t, 动词变为原型He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.确定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesn t.留意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat
4、.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath. Do we have any meat.Do the students like smart teachers.变否定句在主语和动词之间加don t. You don t want to have a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don t. Ye
5、s, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they don.t2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语 be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be 动词移到句首Are we having lunch.Is he reading a book.Is the dog running after a cat.
6、Are the boys swimming across the river.变否定句在be 动词后面加 not We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing.What is she doing.What is the dog doing. 必背没有进行时的
7、动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has 当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或大事,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式, am, is 的过去式为 was, are 的过去式为 were I was at the butcher s.You were
8、 a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be 动词移动到句首Were you at the butcher s. Were you a student a year ago.Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago.变否定句在be 动词后面加 notI was not at the butcher s. You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful te
9、n years ago.确定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：What did you do. 必背不含有 be 动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did , 动词变为原型D
10、id you finish your homework yesterday. Did the boy go to a restaurant.Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago.变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn t. Ye
11、s, he did. No, he didn t. Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+过去分词用法：1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和 just, usually, already, since 等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. 饱了,不用再吃了 He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了,不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.
12、 （已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了）2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Have you finished your homework. Have you been to Beijing.Have he seen the film.3) 表示开头于过去并连续到现在的动作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经受,体会：去过, 的方,做过 , 事情,经受过, 事情I have never had a
13、 bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去过, have gone to 表示去了I have been to London. 人已经回来 He has gone to London. （人仍在那里）5) 表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词
14、移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen. I have not lost my pen.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句： What have you done. What has he done.一般过去时与现在完成时的区分：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时留意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再连续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错： I ve left Beijing for 3 days.对： I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have be
15、en away from being for 3 days.5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,常常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构： 主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will move into his new house tom
16、orrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow.Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next.Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning.变否定句在助动词后面加not可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack wil
17、l not move into his new house tomorrow morning确定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句：What will you do.6. 过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构： had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold
18、the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before 引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,假如放在主句后就不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework. 变否定句在助动词后面加not She hadn fintished her homework.确定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.特殊疑问句：What had she done.7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行
19、的动作,常常用在 when, while, as 引导的状语从句中。结构： was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8. 过去将来时结构： would doShe said she would go here the next morning.二特殊句型： there be 句型, be going to 结
20、构1. Be going to 结构表示准备,预备,方案做某事结构：主语 +be 动词+going to + 动词原型I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be 动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase. Are they going to paint it.Is the father going to give the bookcase to his dau
21、ghter.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do. What
22、are they going to do. What is the father going to do. 必背2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西 某处有某物 uThere is单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组） There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the table uThere are复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there.变疑问句将be 动词移到句首Is there a book in thi
23、s room.Are there two pens on the table.变否定句在动词后面加not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table.确定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not. 三问句 ：一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,挑选疑问句,反意疑问句,挑选疑问句,否定疑问句1 一般疑问句 : 助动词 /be 动词+主语Are you a teacher. Do you want to hav
24、e a cup of tea.2 特殊疑问句 : 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What is your name.3 反意疑问句 : 确定陈述句 +否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+确定疑问部分You don t need that pen, do you.四冠词用法 ：a/an/the 的一般用法一冠词的定义 :冠词是置于名词之前对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二冠词的分类 :冠词分为不定冠词aan 、定冠词 the和零冠词三种零冠词指的是不用冠词的情形。 1 、不定冠词的用法不定冠词表示泛指定冠词表示特指不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。 a 用在以辅音
25、开头的词前an 用在以元音开头的词前。判定一个词是以元音开头仍是以辅音开头是依据读音而不是依据字母。1 .用于可数名词的单数形式前表示 一 There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。2 .表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。定冠词的用法1.用以特指某些人或某些 事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2 .用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.请把门打开。3 .用以复述上文提过的人或事物第一次提到用“
26、a 或 an”以后再次 提到用“ the ”Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animalsto look for food for him.从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他查找食物。4 .用在序数词和形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。5 .表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物the sun太阳t
27、he moon月the earth的球the sky天空the world世界6 .指由一般名词构成的专出名词the West Lake西湖the Great Wall长城the United States美国the United Nations联合国7 .表示方向、方位 in the east在东方in the west在西方 in the front在前面atthe back在后面 inthe bottom在底部atthe top在顶部 on the right在右边on the left在左边8 .表示演奏乐器时乐器的前面要加 the playthe piano弹钢琴 playthe v
28、iolin拉小提琴9 .某些固定的表达法in the morning在早上 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上go to the cinema去看电影go to the theatre去看戏all the year round一年到头 on the way to前往.去的路上五限定词： some, any, many, much2some, any 修饰可数名词或不行数名词,some 用于确定句, any 用于否定句和疑问句,注可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结意,当期望对方的答案为确定回答时用some2many 修饰可数名词, much
29、修饰不行数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a lot of,在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I don t have much money.六名词 ： 种类,复数,名词全部格1. 名词分为可数名词和不行数名词2 不行数名词无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米） 抽象的东西： love, beauty, coldness（冰冷）不行数名词有以下特点：l 不能用 a, an 修饰l 不能加 sl 和单数 be 动词或动词搭配2 可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可
30、数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规章变化的名词复数形式规章 1一般情形 +se.g. shell shells book books规章 2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾+ese.g. fox foxeschurch churches, bus buses, watch watches规章 3以 o 结尾 +s 或+ese.g. potato potatoes, Negro Negroes, hero heroes, tomato tomatoes,（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿） ,剩下一般加s, radio radios规章 4以 f, fe 结尾的,变 f, fe
31、 为 vese.g. life liveshalf halves, shelfshelves, city cities, wife wives规章 5以辅音字母 +y 结尾 , 变 y 为 i+ese.g. sky skies fly flies不规章变化的名词复数形式单数 Manwomanfootgoosetooth复数 menwomenfeetgeeseteeth 单数 childsheepdeermousefish复数 childrensheepdeermicefish 七介词（留意书上总结的词组）一、定义介词 preposition缩写 prep. ,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词（
32、或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句） 与其他句子成分的关系。 介词是一种虚词, 不能单独在句中作成分。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二、介词的用法1、表示时间的（ at、on、in 、at 、before ,after、by、 until、through 、from 、since 、within ）(1) at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。at noon在午时at night在夜间at present目前(2) on: 用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上 指具体的某一天时,一律用on sunday 在星期天on sunday morning 在星期天的上午on march
33、8在 3 月 8 日(3) in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。in 1999在 1999 年in november在 11 月份in summer在夏季in the afternoon在下午过, 后 将来时间 i think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。i heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。(4) before：在, 之前wei hua got upbefore 7 oclock this morning .今日早晨,魏华在 7点之前起床了。(5) af
34、ter：在, 之后after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull .从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。6by ：在, 前 时间 ,截止 到,by the time i arrived ,she had already gone .在我到达之前,她已经走了。7for：达, 之久 表示过了多少时间 , 可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是常常和完成时连用。florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest .弗洛沦斯常常工作 24 小时而不休息。（ 8） during ：在, 期间durin
35、g the lifetime of one man ,north america and europewill more further apart by nearly two metres .在一个人的一生期间, 北美洲和欧洲由于漂移, 其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。9 ）through ：始终, 从开头到终止可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结he ,who led the united states through these years ,was shoton april 14, 1865 ,at a theater in washington领导美国度过了这些岁月的他,于
36、1865 年 4 月 14 日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。10 ） from：从, 起 时间the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们被迫从早 7 点工作到晚 7 点。11 ） since ：自从, 以来 表示从以前某时始终到现在仍在连续 since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.从那时起,我的眼睛始终不是很好。12within:不, 超过的范畴he will arrive within an hour .他一小时内就人到。
37、2、表示的点（at 、in 、on 、under 、over 、above、below、near 、by、between、among、around 、around 、in front of、behind 、in、into 、out of、along 、across 、,through 、to 、for 、from(1) at:在某的点 表示比较狭窄的场所 atschool 上学athome在家at320 xinfudistrict在新抚区 320号at the station在火车站(2) in:在某的 表示比较宽阔的场所 she will arrive in shanghai at ten
38、.10点她将到达上海。(3) 表示的点方向的 on ,under ,over ,above ,belowon: 在, 上面,有接触面on the table在桌子上面above: 在, 上方sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。over: 在, 正上方,是under 的反义词over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。under ：在, 下面,在 , 之内the twinsistersput the basket under t
39、he tree. 这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。below：在, 下方, 不肯定是正下方 three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结jungle .3000 米以下,除了茂盛的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。(4) near ,bynear: 近的,不远的 =not far是的反义词 ,near 仍可以指时间, in the near future在不远的将来。green s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他
40、家邻近的一个小湖。by: 在, 旁边,比的距离要近juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days .朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足 6 天。(5) between ,among ,aroundbetween: 在两者之间the differences between american english and british english are not very great .美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。among:在三者或者更多的之中there are some american students amon
41、g us .在我们中间有几个美国学校。around: 围绕,在 ,.的四周,在 , 的四周they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .他们到达了四周有高山围绕的山谷(6) in front of ,behindin front of :在, 的前面there is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。behind :在,.后边are there any cows behind the house .房子后面有一些牛吗？(7) in ,into ,out ofin: 在,.之内
42、,用于表示静止的位置there are four girls in the room.房间里有 4 个女孩。into:进入, 用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run.she took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。(8) along ,across ,throughalong: 沿着go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing .沿着中山路走然后在其次个十这路口向右拐。a
43、cross: 横过 平面物体 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world .各个洲在的球表面慢慢漂移。through: 贯穿,通过the students walked through the gate with uncle wang .同学们随着王叔叔通过大门。(9) to ,for ,from到达, 的点 目的的 或方向wheres j ack. he has gone to london.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。for ：表示目的,为了 ,do you
44、 know what he comes here for .你知道他为什么来这儿吗？from：从, 的点起how far is it from london to new york.从伦敦到纽约有多远？3、表示手段和材料的介词用（ 1） with和, 在一起these plateskeep moving ,likegreatships,carryingthe continentswith them .这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断的漂移。具有,带有a person with good manners is always kind andpolite.有礼貌的人总是和和气气,彬彬有礼的。用
45、某种工具或方法he could swim with some special swimming shoes.穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。2 ）in: 表示用什么材料 例如：墨水,铅笔等 或用什么语言。表示衣着,声调特点时,不用 with 而用 in 。whats this in english.这个用英语怎么说？3 ）by: 通过, 方法,手段what do you mean by the word“island ”？ “island ”是什么意思i prefer traveling by train .我更喜爱乘火车旅行。4、其他1 ） of , fromof属于, 的,表示 ,.的数量或种类it was beginning of the term .这是学期开头的