2017同等学力英语基础三:英语句子四大功能和五大句子结构(共7页).doc

上传人:飞****2 文档编号:17113373 上传时间:2022-05-21 格式:DOC 页数:7 大小:105KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
2017同等学力英语基础三:英语句子四大功能和五大句子结构(共7页).doc_第1页
第1页 / 共7页
2017同等学力英语基础三:英语句子四大功能和五大句子结构(共7页).doc_第2页
第2页 / 共7页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《2017同等学力英语基础三:英语句子四大功能和五大句子结构(共7页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2017同等学力英语基础三:英语句子四大功能和五大句子结构(共7页).doc(7页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2016同等学力英语基础三本课主要内容:四大功能五大句子结构名词性从句课堂巩固练习2016同等学力英语基础三(1):一、Functions (根据句子的作用,我们常把句子分为以下四大功能)1. 陈述句( Declarative Sentence ):陈述事实,表达观点 e.g. I did not sleep well last night. He went to London to pass his holiday.I like to play football. 我喜欢踢足球。Guangzhou is located in the south of China.

2、广州位于中国的南部。2. 疑问句( Interrogative Sentence ):对某一事实或观点提出疑问,或就交流中某一特定对象提出疑问。(1)一般疑问句:通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“yes”或“no”。 e.g. -Are you a student? -Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?(2)特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 常见疑问词:when/ where/ why/ what/ who/ which/ how 特点为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。 e.g. Wha

3、t do you like? 你喜欢什么?What are you interested in? 你对什么感兴趣?Who likes to drink coffee? 谁喜欢喝咖啡?注意:How much+不可数名词,How many+可数名词,问时间长短用 how long, 问频率用 how often。 e.g.How much water is there in the cup? 杯子里有多少水?How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?How long do you want to stay at home? 你想在

4、家待多久?How often do you go home? 你多久回家一次? I often go home every other week. 我常常隔周回家一次。 every other 每隔一个every other month/week/day 每隔一月/周/天every two years 每隔两年(3)反义疑问句:又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。前肯后否,前否后肯,回答形式要统一。 e.g. It is fine today, isnt it? 今天天气很好,不是吗? It isnt fine today, is it

5、? 今天天气不好,是吗?(4)选择疑问句:提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。 e.g. Are you interested in coffee or tea? 你是对咖啡感兴趣还是对茶感兴趣?- Which ice cream do you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?你喜欢哪种冰淇淋,巧克力、香草还是草莓? -I like chocolate ice cream.我喜欢巧克力冰淇淋。3. 祈使句( Imperative Sentence ):主要是用来表达命令、建议、请求等意思的句子。 e.g.Stand up, please! 请起

6、立!Be quiet, please! 请保持安静!Lets have a break. 我们休息一下吧!注: 有时候个别祈使句可以细分为祈愿句。e.g. God bless you! 上帝保佑你。 Long live Chairman Mao! 毛主席万岁! May you succeed! 祝你成功!4. 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence) what 感叹的对象是名词: what + a(n) +(形容词)+单数名词+主语+动词! 或 What +(形容词)+复数名词+主语+动词! how 感叹的对象是形容词: How + 形容词或副词+主语+动词! 或 How + 形容词

7、+a(n)+单数名词+主语+动词!e.g. What a nice day it is today! 今天是多么好的天气啊!How nice a day it is today! 今天天气多么好啊!What a lovely girl she is! 她是个多么可爱的姑娘啊!How lovely the girl is! 这个姑娘多么可爱啊!How interesting the book is! 这本书多么有趣啊!How fast the train runs! 火车跑得多么快啊!How hard the workers are working! 工人们工作得多么努力啊!2016同等学力英语

8、基础三(2): 二、Structures (五大句子结构)1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):由一个(组)主语和一个动词(或一个动词短语)所组成,不含从属分句的独立分句。 e.g. I am a student. 我是个学生。I am from Shanghai. 我是上海人。He likes to drink coffee. 他喜欢喝咖啡。Tom and Mary often play together.汤姆和玛丽经常在一起玩耍。2. 并列句(Compound Sentence) (1)用并列连词连接并列分句:and,but,or,for e.g. I was going to

9、write, but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。 Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你就能通过考试。(这里的and不能用then代替,因为then是副词,但可以改为“and then”)Tom likes football, but I hate it. 汤姆喜欢踢足球,但是我讨厌它。(这里的but不能用however, however不能单独出现在逗号后接一个句子) Study hard, or you will fail the exam. 努力学习,否则你就不能通过考试。 (2)

10、用分号连接并列分句 e.g. This book is very expensive; however, its worth it. 这本书很贵;却很值。3. 复合句(Complex Sentence):主句+从句 从句: 从属于主句的句子;所有从句在句子当中都要充当主句的某一个成分;所有从句前面都要有引导词。e.g. He found what he had been looking for. 他找到了他一直在寻找的东西。(主句+宾语从句) Ill never forget the village where I spent my childhood. (主句+定语从句) 我永远也忘不了我度

11、过童年的那个村庄。 She has been happy since she got married. 她婚后一直很幸福。(主句+状语从句)4. 并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence) (1) 复合句 + 简单句: e.g. Say you are sorry, and Ill forgive you. 你道歉,我就原谅你。 (2) 复合句 + 复合句: e.g. You may ask him to help if you like, but I think you had better do it yourself. 如果你愿意你可以找他帮忙,但我认为你最好还是自

12、己来做。2016同等学力英语基础三(3):5. 分词短语+主句 或 独立主格结构+主句分词短语包括现在分词短语和过去分词短语(1) 一般式: Doing +宾语/Done, 主谓宾(2) 完成式: Having done+宾语, 主谓宾/ Having been done, 主谓宾e.g. When we finish the class, we are going to take some drink. 可以变成分词短语形式:Step1:主/被动关系取决于该分词与主句中主语的逻辑关系 (包括主谓关系和动宾关系),主谓关系用v-ing形式,动宾关系用过去分词done。Step2:一般式或完成式

13、取决于主句中的谓语动词,如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,分词短语就用一般式;如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时且两个动词之间有先后关系,这时分词短语就用完成式。上面的例句可以改为:Finishing the class, we are going to take some drink. 上完课之后,我们打算喝两杯。分词短语一般用来表达时间、条件、原因、伴随等概念。e.g. Having finished the class yesterday, we went to play football. 昨天下课后,我们去踢足球了。 Written in a hurry, this book

14、is full of mistakes. 由于写的匆忙,这本书中错误百出。Listening to some music, we are taking English class. 我们一边上英语课,一边欣赏音乐。(表伴随)独立主格结构: 一旦分词短语的逻辑主语和主句中的主语不一致时,就可能带上自己的逻辑主语,于是就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。(独立主格结构存在的原因:根据英语构句原则,如果两个句子之间要使用逗号连接,中间就需要连词来连接,如果没有连词就只能牺牲一个句子让其谓语变成非谓语结构,于是这整个句子就变成了独立主格结构

15、。)e.g. The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。(表示时间)The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。(表示条件) There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。(表示原因) All flights having been cancelled, the passengers had to go home by train yesterday. (表示原因)所有航班已经取消,乘客们只好坐

16、火车回家。英语复合句特点复合句是由主句从句构成,它是英语学习中比较复杂的句子结构。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子,它是主句中一个句子成分;另外从句必须由引导词即关系代词或关系副词引导。从句的种类有很多,但根据其性质和作用可以分为:名词性从句,形容词性从句(即定语从句),副词性从句(即状语从句)三大类。1. 名词性从句:即从句在整个句中起名词作用,分别可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(1) 主语从句:注意主句的谓语动词一般用单数。e.g. That the earth goes around the sun is well-known t

17、o everybody. = It is well-known to everybody that the earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳转是众所周知的事情。 Whether he will come to the meeting is up to his boss. (此时不能用if )Who will come to the dinner remains a question.What you have said is convincing.How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled peo

18、ple for centuries. 古埃及人是如何建造的金字塔让人们困惑了几个世纪。同时,需要注意主语从句的一些常见句型。如:It is reported thatIt must be pointed out that.It is likely that.It is a good thing that.It happens that.2016同等学力英语基础三(4):(2) 宾语从句e.g. He believed that walking under a ladder brings bad luck. 他认为从梯子下走过会带来坏运气。 We can learn what we do not

19、 know from TV programs. 我们可以从电视节目里学到自己不知道的知识。Your success will depend on how you present yourself. 你的成功将取决于你如何表现自己。 I wonder if/whether you can help me. 我想知道你是否会帮我。(3) 表语从句e.g. The assumption is that things will improve. China is not what it used to be. The doctors dilemma is whether he should tell

20、a lie to the patient. 医生的难处在于他是否应该对病人说谎。(4) 同位语从句:同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成,引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有:news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等, 同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。e.g. Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe i

21、s that of light. 爱因斯坦得出的结论是宇宙中最大速度是光速。There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.有充足的证据证明该城市的犯罪率在上升。The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.我们的足球队最终击败了朝鲜队这一消息令球迷们欢喜若狂。比较:The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radi

22、o.这个使球迷们欣喜若狂的消息是来自收音机。 练习:1. - Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? - _. A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionary D. Yes, both解析:本题选C。考查选择疑问句。选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种,其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes或no。句意:你是打算去借一本字典还是杂志呢? 字典。2. He seldom has l

23、unch at school, _? A. hasnt heB. has he C. doesnt he D. does he解析:本题选D。考查反意疑问句,当陈述部分含有no,few, never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere, nothing等否定意义的词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式提问,用什么提问由句子谓语动词的形式决定,该句谓语动词为实义动词has,has lunch 表示“吃午餐”,时态为一般现在时,这时候要用助动词do来提问,这里主语为第三人称单数he,所以用助动词does。句意:他很少在学校吃午饭,是吗?3. _ wake up your sister,

24、 Ben. She needs a good sleep. A. DontB. Doesnt C. ArentD. Cant解析:本题选A。考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头,其否定形式为Dont +动词原形,故选A项。句意:不要叫醒你姐姐,本。她需要好好睡一觉。4. The beginning of the movie was boring, _ the end was amazing! A. butB. and C. soD. or解析:本题选A。考查并列句。首先这是一个并列句,并列句需要借助并列连词或是分号来连接,并列连词包括and、but、or和for等,由boring和amazing可

25、判断前后两句为转折关系,所以要选but。句意:这部电影的开头很无聊,但结尾很惊艳!5. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. whatB. that C. whyD. whether解析:本题选B。考查表语从句。本题中从句跟在be动词was后面,且后面句子完整不缺任何成分,根据句意应选that。句意:狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生

26、活。6. _ an answer from the committee, he was worried. A. Having not gotB. Getting notC. Not having gotD. Having not been got解析:本题选C。考查分词短语。分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,从逻辑上来讲,应该是由于先没有收到委员会的答复,后担心,因此空缺处应该填入一个完成式,故选C项。句意:由于还未收到组委会的答复,他很担心。7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _. A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze解析:本题选D。考查独立主格结构。首先hair为不可数名词,后面接的动词应该用单数,排除C项;逗号前面是一个完整的句子,由于没有引导词并且英语中逗号不能连接两个句子,排除B项;逻辑主语her long hair与分词动作flow 是主谓关系,所以用现在分词表示主动,故选择D项。句意:照片上的女孩笑得甜甜的,长长的头发在微风中飘扬。

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 教案示例

本站为文档C TO C交易模式,本站只提供存储空间、用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。本站仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知淘文阁网,我们立即给予删除!客服QQ:136780468 微信:18945177775 电话:18904686070

工信部备案号:黑ICP备15003705号© 2020-2023 www.taowenge.com 淘文阁