《精品英语六级长篇阅读真题-5.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《精品英语六级长篇阅读真题-5.doc（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、英语六级长篇阅读真题-5因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面给大家整理的六级阅读理解真题供参考，以下是小编给大家整理的英语六级长篇阅读真题-5 ，希望可以帮到大家Data sharing: an open mind on open date A It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaini
2、ng acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a crisis incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or t
3、o identify large-scale trends.B the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,sci
4、entists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more
5、journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.C one key challenge facing young scientist
6、s is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement s benefits such as opportunities for m
7、ore citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.D some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been esp
8、ecially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an ,badge to articles tha
9、t clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.E funders, too, are increasi
10、ngly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in l
11、ondon, alopen data from their grant recipients.F but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head s grant may have no choice if their
12、 supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.G some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career. Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a li
13、ngering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.H researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. with my institution and teaching load, i don t have postdocs and grad students , says terry
14、mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. the stakes are higher to share data because it s a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.I researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated ma
15、terials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.J the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom h
16、ead selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. i ve heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, says ram. the concem seems to be that open advocates don t spend their time being as productive as pos
17、sible. Kan open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don t . there a new area to navi
18、gate- are you cool with the fact that i ll want to make the data open? -when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, she says.L despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object
19、identifier(DOI)is assigned.Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software
20、or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.M many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). sa
21、ys ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resotResearch secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. the two cases i m familiar with didn t involve open data or code, he says.N Open science also offers junior res
22、earchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others data. he says that more openness in science could help
23、 to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists requests for data.O communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. whenever you start a project wi
24、th someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.p in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition-a crucial com
25、ponent of success. the thing you are searching for reputation says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,. to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a
26、 largerphere, outside the communities you know- is a net win. 36. astronomer david hogg doesn t think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them38. some psychology
27、joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation41. data sharing enables scientis
28、ts to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint researc
29、h project44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.2018年6月英语六级阅读理解-4附翻译 因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面是给大家提供的阅读理解范文供参考，以下是小编 大学英语阅读真题及答案 因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面给大家整理的大学阅读理解真题供参考，以下是小 英语六级阅读理解真题卷及答案-2 因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面是给大家提供的阅读理解范文供参考，以下是小编 2018年6月英语六级阅读理解-3 因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面是给大家提供的阅读理解范文供参考，以下是小编第 10 页 共 10 页