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1、definite structure,英语阅读需要掌握的关键句,Everynot和Allnot结构，Everynot表示不见得每个都是；Allnot表示不见得所有都是的意思。Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen .,2 may as well notas结构，此结构可译为与其不如不。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.,have only todo结构，此结构表示只须（消）就能的意思。We have only to turn
2、 to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.,not (no) unless句型No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.,betterthan句型Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
3、,as it were是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是好像，可以说等。Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it, feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.,复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently f
4、ind myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.,notany more than为：不能，正如不能。One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by re
5、ading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.,9Bythatasitmay是Letitbethatasitmay的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是虽然如此，尽管这样。Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsb
6、usinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.,10ifatall是一个由if引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为即将，即使等。Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.,11由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecor
7、ners.,12 rangefromto结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.,13 theway结构Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.,复杂宾补结构Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentof
8、sensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.,某些分隔结构1）动词短语相关部分被分隔（当makeuseof，takenoticeof，payattentionto，等动词短语变成被动语态时）。Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.,2）双重定语引起的分隔。Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescien
9、tificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.,16 tobedoingwhen是一个句型，多译为某人正在做时，突然。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10oclock,whenaverybig,verytallman,acco
10、stedthemanddemandedtheirpurses.,17tooto句型ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.,18somuchthat句型ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwitham
11、istylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.,19 when引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为当的时候，它还有许多种译法。Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteri
12、tistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.,20notbecause，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins.,21sothat,suchthat是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见Thetruthis,th
13、atinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.,22 bydoing结构。这个结构的意思是通过（做），但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupport
14、thestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.,23下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning.,whatof句型Icannotsayofmyselfwhat
15、JohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.,英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think（believe）时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.,tohavenot(as)tosee
16、中的不定式也有否定意味。Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.,Itoccurredtosb.that意为突然想到，Itdawnedonsb.that.突然想起等。从句是想起的内容。Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.Itoccurredtometha
17、tifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.,Itfollowsthat=Ithappensasaresult常常被译为由此可见，因此，从前，可以推断等等。Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexi
18、st.,thatsallthereistoit，意思是也不过如此而已。可根据上下文视情况处理。IfImtouched,Imtouched-thatsallthereistoit.,Thechancesarethat是一句型，译为有可能。Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtolinger.,Feel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不
19、大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.,某此以no,nowhere,never,notbout,notany,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。InevergopastthetheatrebutIthinkofhislastperformance.,某些用choicebetween,toknowbetter,whetheror,shouldhaveavoided(或donebetter)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更
20、好的做法Thenwearefacedwithachoicebetweenusingtechnologytoprovideandfulfilneedswhichhavehithertobeenregardedasunnecessaryor,ontheotherhand,usingtechnologytoreducethenumberofhoursofworkwhichamanmustdoinordertoearnagivenstandardof ,某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。Thecountryhadgrownrich,itscommercewaslarge,andwealthdidit
21、snaturalworkinmakinglifesofterandmoreworldly,commerceindeprovincializingthemindsofthoseengagedinit,修饰成分（包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等）多而长。AcrossthecourtfromtheManhattanapartmentthatIhaveoccupiedforthepastfewyearsisadogthatoftenhurlsinsultsintothedarkness,afewofwhichmydogrefusestoacceptandmakesatartreply.,一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。Ofcourse,nobodywashurtthistime,becausewehadallbeentodinner,noneofusbeingnovicesexceptingHastings;andhehavingbeeninformedbytheministeratthetimethatheinvitedhimthatindeferencetotheEnglishcustomthehadnotprovidedanydinner.,