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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上供复习用（供第二轮复习用）翻译技巧课后练习一、回答问题1.何谓翻译？（开放式问题）2.翻译的过程是什么？3.翻译是技能、艺术还是科学？（开放式问题）4.翻译的标准是什么？5.一名合格翻译工作者应具备什么样的素质？（开放式问题）6.钱钟书先生关于文学翻译的标准是什么？二句子翻译练习，注意语境对翻译选词的影响见第3章：英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词句子翻译练习：注意语境对翻译选词的影响1.After he had a row with his wife at home he had a row with his mistress on the lake.2.Needin
2、g some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.3. Lead as an element that gets into your body is absorbed into the bones and thus does harm to your health.4. Child enrolment is also affected by household size, birth order, livesto
3、ck ownership and the ability of the household to absorb economic shocks.5. You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation, and not paying much attention to the road.6. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.7. As luck would have it, there was rain on the da
4、y of the picnic.8. He made a wise choice.9. We went away, as wise as we came.10. People praised highly the heros glorious deeds.11. He had lied to me and made me the tool for his wicked deeds.12.Under the direction of the teachers, he has made great progress.13. Under the direction of Hitler and Mus
5、solini, Franco started a civil war.14. For 15 years, Dr. Neil Todd has been searching for cats. Not big cats, like lions or tigers or pumas or leopards; nor fancy cats, like overbred Persians or Abyssinians or Siamese or Angoras.15. 谁说他从不喝酒？你看，他喝起白酒来，一杯又一杯的。Keys to Exercises1.在家里同妻子吵架后，他与情人在湖上泛舟。2.
6、夜贼需要一点亮光来看东西，便蹑手蹑脚穿过房间，点亮了那盏带浅绿色灯罩的灯。3. 进入体内的铅元素被吸收进骨骼，从而对身体产生危害。4. 儿童报名入学还受到很多因素是影响，包括家庭规模、出生顺序、牲畜饲养情况以及家庭消解经济意外的能力。5. 可以看出，当时他只顾着说话，没有太注意路上的情况。6. 幸运的是，爆炸发生时，楼里没有人。7. 不幸的是，野餐的那天下起了雨。8. 他做出了明智的选择。9. 我们离开时跟进来的时候一样，仍然一窍不通。10. 人们高度赞扬这位英雄的光辉事迹。11. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他从事罪恶勾当的工具。12. 在老师的指导下，他取得了长足的进步。13. 在希特勒和墨索里尼
7、的唆使下，佛朗哥发动了一场内战。14. 15年来，内尔托德先生一直在找猫，不是大型猫科动物，如狮子、老虎、美洲狮、美15. Who says he never drinks? Look, he is really a chain drinker of spirit.三句子翻译练习，注意英译汉时的省译与汉译英时的增译 见第四章：英译汉的省译与增译1. No man is too old but he may learn.2. The boy entered the room, his coat wet through.3.When Danone decided to set up manufac
8、turing operations in Indonesia to locally produce dairy products and milk-based drinks, they invited Wahaha to join them.4. Mr. Li ordered a book and it has just arrived.5. In winter, additional trains operate directly from Goschenen to Brig on Saturdays and Sundays.6. She looks like any other littl
9、e girl in her first year at school: a smart uniform, a happy smile and a bag of books.7. While Einsten is supposed to have been so distracted by solving problems that he forgot to put on his socks, Sidis simply did not know how to dress himself properly even by the time he was an adolescent.8. She w
10、ent, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street.9. Almost 500,000 additional primary school pupils arrived to enroll on the first day of school, double the number anticipated.10. Everything is satisfying and we are confident of our success.11 大部分发展中国家独立后，在发展民族经济、改变贫穷落后面貌、
11、缩小同发达国家之间的差距等方面取得了很大进步。Keys to Practice1. 活到老，学到老。2. 男孩子走进屋里，大衣都湿透了。3. 达能决定在印度尼西亚开展生产业务，在当地生产乳制品和牛奶饮料时，邀请哇哈哈加入。4. 李先生订了一本书，现在刚到。5.冬季，美国星期六和星期日还增开从格申恩到布拉格的直达列车。6. 她看起来跟一年级其他小女孩一样：漂亮的校服、开心的笑容和装满书本的书包。7.爱因斯坦可能由于沉迷解决问题二忘记穿袜子，希迪斯甚至到了青年时代还不知如何正确穿戴。8. 她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材，迈着女人端庄的步子。9. 入学的第一天，又有近50万小学生报名读书，
12、是预期人数的两倍。10. 一切进展顺利，我们相信能够成功。11. Most developing countries have made great progress in developing their economy, shaking off their poverty and backwardness and narrowing the gap between themselves and developed countries.四句子翻译练习，注意语态转译第5章(p98)EXERCISETranslate the following sentences, paying attenti
13、on to the conversion of the voices: 1.She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct . She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 2.He was guided in his everyday life by an unshakable conviction that moral values are absol
14、ute.3.Not only politeness but reverence is demanded in church.4.I felt uneasy for the whole day as I was aroused from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning.5.It has been decided that the fund will be distributed to those who need help badly.6.If there is any confusion or mi
15、sunderstanding in the application, the patent might not be granted or the inventor might not be fully protected.7.Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.8.Selenology is founded on the data collected by shuttles.9.Governments of low-income countries must be p
16、ersuaded to give greater priority to education in their discussions with donors, and to allocate to it a greater share of the savings from debt relief. 10.To help the partners achieve their objectives in line with the new concept, marketing and sales activities in conjunction with tourist partners,
17、especially those for the Davos-Zermatt connection, will be intensified. 11.The girl is hard to get along with.12.敬请告知开户行和账户号以便我方尽快汇款。练习答案1.她告诉我男主人解雇了她，没有说明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何意义，也不许她向女主人求情。2.日常生活中他有一条不可动摇的信念，那就是：道德标准高于一切。或：日常生活中，一条不可动摇的信念指引着他，那就是：道德标准至高无上。3.教堂里不仅要有礼貌，还要有虔诚的态度。4.清晨电话铃声把我从梦中吵醒，我一天都无精打采。5.已经
18、决定将这部分资金拨给那些急需帮助的人。6.若申请中有令人费解或误解之处，则不授予专利权，也不为发明人提供充分保护。7.彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。或阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成了彩虹。8.月球学是在宇宙飞船收集到的数据的基础上建立的。或：在宇宙飞船收集到的数据的基础上建立了月球学。9.必须说服低收入国家政府在与捐助国进行商谈时，将教育放在更优先的位置，并将债务减免款中的更大份额分配给教育部门。10.为帮助合作双方按照新设想实现目标，将进一步和旅游伙伴共同举办市场推广和销售活动，尤其是与达沃斯-采尔马特路线有关的上述活动。11.这女孩很难相处。12.Your information a
19、s to your opening bank and account number would be appreciated so that the remittance could be done as soon as possible.25.Electric currents can be classified into two kinds: direct and alternating.五句子翻译练习，注意定语从句的处理第七章定语从句1.Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys,
20、 are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine. 2.Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.3.I have amassed the first-hand data which serve to prove my argument to be tenable.4.The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, w
21、ho asked the tinker, who presented not to hear.5.They also want the park to attract more venture capital, which was introduced in the Park in 2000.6.Through this initiative,3,900 children with disabilities have been successfully integrated into regular schools, where they received personalized suppo
22、rt.7.The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where the y struggle to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.8.After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.9. Before Rivera left for Mexico, he made
23、a crucial trip to Italy, where he studied the work of Giotto, Uccllo, Piero della Francesca, Mantegna, and Michelangelo.10. We illustrate the phenomenon through the example of Lenovo, which now ranks as the 3rd largest company in the world in the PC market, after the acquisition of IBMs PC Division
24、in 2004.11. Then he was seen by the first policeman, who shouted at him and began to run toward him.12. The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.13、机器翻译虽然在过去几十年有了长足的发展，但近期内还是无法完全取代人工翻译。练习答案（参考译文）1、我们的记录表明，许多年轻人，其中95%是男孩，成了电脑迷，电脑是他们生活的唯一
25、内容。2、在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种选择的。3、我所搜集的第一手资料足以证明我的论点是正确的。4、厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布立特尔关，布立特尔又叫补锅匠关，补锅匠装作没听见。5、他们还希望该工业园吸引更多的风险资本，实际上，该工业园2000年已经吸引了风险资本。6、通过该行动，3900名残疾儿童成功进入了常规学校，在那里，他们获得了个性化支持。7、前面的园子是个沙砾铺成的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青，它们在来自繁忙大街的尘烟中挣扎着生长。8、饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。9、里唯拉回墨西哥之前，去了一趟意大利，这次旅行非常重要，在那里，
26、他研究了乔托、乌切罗、皮耶罗.德拉.弗兰西斯卡、曼特尼亚和米开朗基罗的作品。10、我们以联想为例阐述该现象，因为联想自2004年收购IBM的PC分部后已成为世界PC市场的第三大公司。11、接着，第一名警察看到了他，便向他大喊，并开始向他奔来。12、大使只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。13. Machine translation, which has enjoyed great development in the past decades, cannot totally replace human translation.六句子翻译练习，注意长句的分析及翻译第八章1
27、.There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.2.Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.3.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.4.You must
28、grasp the concept of “work” which is very important in physics.5.He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.6.Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.7.Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep a
29、live their families.8.For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.9.They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.10.Ill try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, w
30、hich will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.练习答案（参考译文）1.这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢。2.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。3.我们知道,由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看的很清楚。4.你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。 5.他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要.6.尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人。 7.人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。8.对于任何机器
31、来说，如果知其输入力和输出力，就能求出其机械效率。 9.他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才.10.我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。 七句子翻译练习，注意英汉思维差异对翻译的影响第11章 英汉翻译中语序的调整1.So in 2003,Mr.Li, the CEO of TCL, met with Charles Dehelly, the CEO of Thomson , to discuss a possible alliance between the two television giants.2.As the TCL_Thomoson alliance w
32、as crumbling , Thomson announced it was acquiring an 8%stake in konka, another Chinese TV manufacturer, and one of TCLs major competitors.3.Muchs other ,less personal , problem was the cultural provincialism of the Norwegian government, but this he soon overcame.4.Time magazine of June 17,1996 devot
33、ed a good deal of its issue to discussing people who are the most influential in the country in their opinion.5.There wont be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time.6.If it works once, it can work twice.7.His escape was nothing short of a miracle.8.Herby maybe dyi
34、ng somewhere, calling out for his mum and dad, and with only strangers round him.9.北京首信股份有限公司是我国最大的移动通信终端，移动通信系数及数据通信等产品研发，生产，销售和系统集成的高新技术企业之一。10.展望未来，本公司将坚定多元化经营战略格局，在生产规模化，经营国际化，管理现代化，队伍职业化的目标指引下，努力成为一家综合型国际金融投资企业。练习答案（参考译文）1.所以，2003年，TCL的首席执行官李先生会见了汤姆逊的首席执行官查尔斯.戴利，讨论两家大型电视机公司结盟的可行性问题。2.就在TCL汤姆逊联盟
35、瓦解之际，汤姆逊宣布将收购另一家中国电视机制造商康佳集团8%的股份，而后者又是TCL的主要竞争对手之一。3.蒙克遇到的另一个问题不是个人问题，而是挪威整个环境下的文化地方主义，但他很快克服了这一难题。4.1996年6月17日的时代周刊以大量篇幅讨论他们心目中这个国家最具影响力的人物。5.一次得手，二次不愁。6.那些孩子不帮你按时将这些东西送出去，你就什么利润也得不到。7.他的逃跑是个奇迹。8.赫伯这会儿也许在什么地方快要死了，嘴里正喊着爹呀娘呀的，身边也没个亲人。9.Beijing Capital Co.,Ltd.is the largest Chinese hi-tech enterpris
36、es specialized in R&D, manufacturing and sales of communication products.10.looking ahead, we will continue to pursue our diversified operation and strive to become a comprehensive international investment company with scale business, internationalized operation, modernized and a professionalized te
37、am.九篇章翻译练习原文1 ( passage 2，page 254)1911年，在一个小县城里边，我生在一个小地主的家里。那县城差不多就是中国的最东最北部黑龙江省，所以一年之中，倒有四个月飘着白雪。 父亲常常为着贪婪而失掉了人性。他对待仆人，对待自己的女儿，以及对待我的祖父都是那样的吝啬而疏远，甚至于无情。 有一次，为着房屋租金的事情，父亲把房客的全套马车赶了过来。房客的亲属们哭着，诉说着，向着我的祖父跪了下来，于是祖父把两匹棕色的马从车上解下来还了回去。 为着这两匹马，父亲向祖父起着终夜的争吵。“两匹马，咱们是不算什么的，穷人，这两匹马就是命根。”祖父这样说着，而父亲还是争吵。 九岁时，母
38、亲死去。父亲也就变了样，偶然打碎一只杯子，他就要骂到使人发抖的程度。后来就连父亲的眼睛也转了弯，每从他的身边经过，我就像自己的身上生了针刺一样：他斜视着你，他那高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过，嘴角而往下流着。译文：In 1911, I was born in a minor landlords family in a small country town in Heilongjiang,Chinas farthest northeastern province where it snows for four months of the year.My father was so greedy that
39、he almost became inhumane. To his servants, children and even his father, he was just as miserlymazli (小气的)and indifferent, or heartless for that matter. Once due to a tenants delay in rent paying, my father detained(扣留) his carriage and horses. The tenants family knelt in front of my grandpa, plead
40、ing(恳求) for mercy with tears in their eyes. My grandpa unharnessed (解下马具) the two brown horses from the cart and gave them back to the tenant.Over this, my father quarreled with my grandpa for the whole night. “Two horses do not mean much to us,” said my grandpa, “ but they are life-blood to thepoor
41、.” But my father bickered(争吵) on. My mother died when I was 9 years old and my father became even more bad-tempered. If you accidentally broke a cup, he would keep cursing you until you shivered all over. Later even his eyes could cast crooked(弯曲) glances. Whenever I passed by him, he would eye me s
42、ideways with his arrogant look streaming down the bridge of his nose and then off the corner of his mouth, making me feel as if pricked on needles. 原文2：Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
43、 David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy& Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with five progressively(逐步) smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll, “If each of us hires people who are smal
44、ler than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy &Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what the company becomesone of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world. 译文：总是给予他人应得的荣誉
45、。不要害怕别人有更好的主意或比你更聪明。奥美国际广告公司的创始人大卫奥格威送给每一位新任命的部门经理一个俄罗斯套娃。套娃里面共有五个娃娃，一个比一个小。他的赠言放在最小的娃娃里：“如果我们每个人都聘用比自己矮小的人，那我们公司就会成为侏儒公司。如果我们每个人都聘用比自己高大的人，奥美将成为巨人公司。” 该公司恰恰成为了巨人公司世界上规模最大、声望最高的广告公司之一。原文3：Any science may be likened to a river, says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl P. Swanson. “ It has its o
46、bscure and unpretentious beginning; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids; its periods of drought as well as of fullness. It gathers momentum with the work of many investigators and as it is fed by other streams of thought. It is deepened and broadened by the concepts and generalizations that ar
47、e gradually evolved. So it is with the science of biological control in its modern sense. In U.S, it has its obscure beginning a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all,
48、but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success霍普金斯大学生物学家卡尔斯旺森教授说“每一门科学都可以比作一条河。其源头隐隐约约，并不引人注目；水流时而平缓，时而湍急；有汛期，也有枯水期。许多人从事研究工作，各种思想像支流一样注入其中，这条河势头逐渐加强。新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使得河流变得更深更宽。”现代生物控制学就是如此。一百年前，这门科学在美国创立时，源头可谓隐隐约约。当时，农民备受某些昆虫之苦。人们第一次尝试引进昆虫的天敌杀灭昆虫，该项工作有时有些进展，有时则毫无进展，有时又因引进了一项突出的成就而加快速度，发展迅猛。原文4苏州，始称吴，又名“吴门、“姑苏”，位于长江三角洲，面积88