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1、莫高窟第361窟壁画建筑彩画装饰艺术初探内容摘要:由于我国唐代及以前的木构建筑遗存甚少,学界对建筑彩画的研究多集中于明清官式彩画,对明清之前的彩画研究较为薄弱。然而,敦煌莫高窟壁画中较好地保留了中唐至西夏时期的建筑彩画图像,是丰富我国建筑彩画的重要史料。因此,文章从构图比例、纹样图案、色彩配置等三方面系统分析了莫高窟第361窟建筑彩画的艺术特征,并与现存建筑彩画实例进行对比,发现第361窟建筑彩画装饰藏式风格突出、特征元素丰富,对研究吐蕃时期敦煌石窟建筑艺术和完善我国早期藏族建筑彩画形制特征具有双重价值与意义。 关键词:莫高窟第361窟;壁画;建筑彩画;艺术特征 中图分类号:K879.41 文
2、献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2022)01-0087-12 A Preliminary Study on the Decorative Art of the Architectural Color Paintings in Mogao Cave 361 MENG Xiangwu1,2 YANG Runze1 PEI Qiangqiang1,3 YE Minghui1 (1. School of Design and Art, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050; 2. School of Archite
3、cture, Xian University of Architecture and Technology, Xian, Shaannxi 710055; 3. Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200) Abstract:As few remains of ancient buildings built during or prior to the Tang dynasty have been preserved until today, research on architectural color p
4、aintings has mainly focused on the official color paintings of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Research on color paintings prior to the Ming and Qing dynasties is severely lacking. The murals in Dunhuang Mogao caves are accompanied by many well-preserved architectural color paintings made between the m
5、iddle Tang and Western Xia dynasties and can provide important historical material to enrich research on this genre of Chinese painting. This paper systematically analyzes the artistic characteristics of the architectural color paintings in Mogao cave 131 from the perspectives of compositional propo
6、rtion, overall pattern, and color configuration, and then compares them with other extant architectural color paintings. The conclusion of this analysis is that the paintings in cave 361 show prominent Tibetan stylistic characteristics. These paintings are of great significance for studying the arch
7、itectural art created in Dunhuang caves during the Tibetan Occupation period, and for improving our understanding of the shape and proportion of early Tibetan architectural color paintings in China. Keywords:Mogao cave 361; wall painting; architectural color painting; artistic features 在v时2500余年的发展中
8、,建筑彩画作为木构建筑本体保护和装饰的重要组成部分,是我国建筑“意”和传统文化最直观的视觉表达。但目前我国对建筑彩画的研究成果多集中于明清时期官式彩画,明清之前的建筑彩画研究较为薄弱。究其根本,是由于我国唐代及以前的古建筑遗存有限,加之绘制彩画的颜料长期暴露在自然环境中经受风雨腐蚀后也会褪色,在历史长河中无法完好保存。幸而,敦煌壁画中蕴藏了丰富的建筑图像,虽然历经千年其建筑色彩仍然清晰可见,尤其是吐蕃统治晚期敦煌莫高窟经变画中出现的建筑彩画装饰,内容丰富,画面清晰,可作为研究建筑彩画形象的重要资料。 公元786848年间,敦煌为吐蕃政权的属地,其政治、经济、军事、文化等方面都发生了变化,敦煌莫高窟壁画在内容和风格方面也受到了影响。其中,第158、231、360、361等窟经变画中的建筑柱身、阑额、檐檩等木结构装饰彩画纹样,这种装饰方式与南、北响堂山石窟,龙门石窟建筑的莲瓣花结装饰不同,是受到吐蕃文化影响的彩画装饰。通过实地调查,发现莫高窟第361窟的建筑彩画装饰具有吐蕃统治晚期建筑彩画装饰的共有特征。因此,本文以最能体现传统建筑彩画的大木结构柱身、檐檩、阑额为研究对象,从构图比例、纹样图案、色彩配置三方面系统分析第361窟建筑彩画的艺术特征,对完善我国建筑彩画体系具有重要意义。 第 4 页 共 4 页