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1、人教新课标选修八人教新课标选修八How much do you know about the USA ？Lead-inStatue of LibertyDisneylandHollywoodThe White HouseThe United States of America Which flag is American flag?A. B. C.Which city is the capital of the USA?A.New York B.Washington D.C. C.Los Angeles Star-Spangled Banner (星条旗星条旗) The America fla
2、g is known as “the stars and strips”. 50 stars Each star represents one state 13 stripes the original 13 states.Red courageWhite freedomBlueloyalty and justiceJune 14 Flag Day. National FlagA.B.C.D.Which stands for the USA? National Emblem （国徽）（国徽）Who is the President of America now?A.B.C.D.George W
3、. Bush George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton Barack Obama How many states are there in the USA?A.B.C.D.45523450Which state is the largest one in the USA? A. New York B. Texas C. California D. Florida _ has the largest population in the USA. A. California B. Alaska C. Washington D. Texas It has an area of 41
4、1.ooo square kilometers. And it is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Warming Up Look at the map of the USA. Work with your group to write on the map the names as many of the following as you can. San FranciscoLos AngelesHoustonBostonNew YorkWashin
5、gton, D.CAppalachianRocky MountainsMexicoChicagoSt. LouisCanadaAtlantic OceanPacific Oceanthe MississippiSuperiorMichiganErieHuronOntarioocean on the east coast _ocean on the west coast _country to the north of USA _country to the south of USA _California _Atlantic OceanPacific OceanCanadaMexico Sou
6、thwestern USAGreat Lakes longest river in the USA some important citiesSuperior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and OntarioMississippi RiverNew York, Washington D.C.,Los Angeles, San Francisco,Chicago, New Orleansmountains range in the west _Rocky Mountains How each picture is relevant to the history of Cali
7、fornia? Native American Indianone of the first people to live in California.Pre-readingA gold minerthe discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California. A building in Chinatown, San FranciscoMany Chinese have settled in California and man
8、y of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. California is on the west coast, borders the Pacific Ocean. The pleasant weather, long beach and graceful natural landscape attract many tourists from all over the world.ReadingDivide the passage into three parts and try to give the main idea of each par
9、t.Part1 ( ) Brief introduction to California.Part2 ( ) The history about people from different countries moved to California. Part3 ( ) The future of California. para1para2-para9 para10Fast readingCalifornia:Introduction (Para.1)：California is the most _ state and the _ largest state with the _ popu
10、lation.multiculturalthirdlargestCalifornia has attracted people from nearly every country in the worldThe Characteristics of California Detailed Reading 1. Time:_ 2. How did they come : _ 3. What happened to them after the arrival of the Europeans?Native AmericansNative Americans:15,000 years agoby
11、means of a land bridgewere killed by European were forced into slaverydied from the disease Fill in the form (note down an important events) 16th century 18th century in 1821 in 1846 Spain soldiers ArrivedCalifornia was ruled by SpainCalifornia became part of MexicoMexico gave California to the Unit
12、ed States today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second languageThe Spanish:Influence: 2. Do some T or F questions:1.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. 2.A lot of adventures achieved their dream of becoming rich. 3.California become the t
13、hirty-first state of the United states of America in 1850. after FewRussian& Gold- Miners: 1.Translate the first sentence. In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. 在在1919世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。在加利福尼亚定居下来。Lat
14、er arrivals & most recent arrivals:1.Which event brought even large members of Chinese immigrants to California?The building of the rail network from the west to the east coast. PeopleTimeEventAfricansmoved from MexicoChinesebuilt the railwayItaliansfarmedDanishestablished a townJewishdeveloped indu
15、stryJapanesefished and made wineAfricansworked in ship& aircraft industries1860s1800slate 1900sby the 1920sBeginning of 20th century1911Later ArrivalsLater Arrivals1942-1945PeopleTimeEventIndiansPakistanisworked in computer industryCambodiansKoreansVietnameseLaotiansimmigratedrecent decades1970sMost
16、 Recent ArrivalsThe future: What attract people from different parts of the world to California? People from different parts of the world are attracted by and of California. the climatelifestyle15,000 years ago 16thcentury:1821184618481850First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. These peo
17、ple are now known as Native AmericanSpanish soldiers arrived in South AmericaBecame part of Mexico The US declared war on MexicoGold was discovered in California California became the 31st state of the US.Comprehending: EX1 Spanish Russians Africans Chinese Italians Danish in the early 16th century
18、early 1800s 1800s late 1840s/ early 1850s in the late 19th century 1911Comprehending: EX2 Jewish Japanese Koreans Cambodians Vietnamese Pakistanis 1920s beginning of the 20th century from about the 1970s from about the 1970s in more recent decades from about the 1970s The state of California is a mu
19、lticultural community because European, African and Asian people have been moving into the state for the last 200 years. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavour. Problems that might arise include intercultural rivalry or
20、 competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.Comprehending: EX31. diversity = variety 多样性、变化多样性、变化a diversity of vegetablesdiversify vt. 使使多样性，使多样性，使不同不同diversify ones skills / interestsWe should diversify the syllab
21、us (教学大纲）教学大纲）to attract more students.diverse adj.多种多样的多种多样的Language points2. illustrate vt. 说明、阐明（用图示、说明、阐明（用图示、实例等）实例等）The lecturer illustrated the theory with examples.Please illustrate how to use the machine.illustration n. 实例实例 by way of illustration 以实例说明以实例说明3.California is the third largest
22、 state in the 1) 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 2) population un / cn. 人口人口 The population of China_ large, and 70% of the population of China_ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数，表示部表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数，表示部 分人口时谓语动词用复数。分人口时谓语动词用复数。 而形容人口的而形容人口的 多少通常用多少通常用large /
23、small. isare对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用what, 不用不用how many或或 how much。Whats the population of .?Whats the population of China? have a population of . 有多少人口有多少人口China has a population of 1.3 billion.an increase / growth in population 人口增长人口增长4. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultu
24、ral state in the USA, 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，文化的一个州，It also has the distinction of being 意思是意思是What it is known for is make a distinction between 对对加以区分加以区分win a distinction for 因因而获功勋而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地无差别地；一视同仁地with distinction以优异的成绩；以杰出的表以优异的成绩；以杰出的表现现 We shou
25、ld make a distinction between right and wrong.She passed all the exams with distinction.distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in .from . 在某方面与在某方面与不同不同（as）distinct from . 与与不同（的）不同（的）he has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。他有很明显的绘画天赋。you should make your writing distinct. 前缀前缀multi-是
26、是“多、多方面、多方向多、多方面、多方向”的意思。如：的意思。如：multi-coloured (多色的多色的), multi-racial (多种族的多种族的), multi-media (多媒体多媒体), multiparty (多党制多党制 ), multi-purpose (多种用途多种用途)5. live on 继续存在，继续生存继续存在，继续生存 Mozart was dead but his music lives on. live on sth 以以为生为生 live by doing sth 靠做靠做为生为生 live with 和和住一起住一起/忍受忍受 make/earn
27、 a living 谋生谋生 live/lead a life 过着过着生活生活6. Exactly when the first people arrived inwhat we now know as California, no onereally knows. no one really knows 是主句是主句, exactlywhen California是是knows的宾语从句的宾语从句what we California是宾语从句是宾语从句, 作介词作介词in的宾语。的宾语。No one knows when the first people arrivedin the pla
28、ce that/which we now know asCalifornia.George Washington was born in _ is now the state of Virginia. A.which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D1.Pudong Development Zone is no longer a rural area _ it used to be.2. Pudong Developmen
29、t Zone is no longer _ it used to be. A. what B. where C. that D. thereCA定语从句定语从句, 先行词是先行词是area, that作关系代词作关系代词表语从句表语从句 7. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人某人/某物有可能做某事某物有可能做某事 It is likely/pro
30、bable/possible that . 有可能有可能 It is possible for sb. to do sth. . 有可能做有可能做.2) 辨析：辨析：likely, possible与与probable possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；希望很小的意味；probable比比possible可能性可能性稍大，有稍大，有“较为可能、大概较为可能、大概”，指有实际依，指有实际依据；据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。probable: 句型为句型为 It is probable that
31、possible: 句型为句型为 Its possible (for sb.) to do sth. / Its possible thatlikely 的主语可以是人，而的主语可以是人，而possible与与probable的主语不能是人。的主语不能是人。 8. by means of: by using 用用办法办法,借助借助 He crossed the river by means of a raft. We express out feelings by means of words. means 单复数同形单复数同形 All possible means have been tri
32、ed. The quickest means of travel is by plane. by this means 用这种方法用这种方法 by no means 决不，一点也不决不，一点也不 by any means 用任何方式用任何方式 by all means 当然可以当然可以;一定一定 9. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.vi. 受痛苦；受损害受痛苦；受损害vt. 遭受；忍受遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：辨析：suffer与与suffer
33、from suffer (vt.) 和和suffer from的区别：的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折挫折)，但，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。的苦难及患病之意。 suffer the result / heavy losses / injuries承受结果承受
34、结果/遭受大损失遭受大损失/负伤负伤 suffer from headache / illness / war / the flood 遭受头痛遭受头痛/疾病的困扰疾病的困扰/战争洪水战争洪水10. in addition : besides 此外此外,再者再者 You need time and money. In addition, you need diligence. 我打算进城看望我的老师我打算进城看望我的老师,此外还要买点东西此外还要买点东西. I am going to visit my teacher. In addition, I need to buy some artic
35、les of daily use. whats more; furthermore; moreover; in addition to . 除除外外 In addition to cakes and candies, guests were provided with fruits. 11. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世纪早期世纪早期, 西班
36、牙士兵到达南美洲西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。 fight for “为事业为事业, 自由自由, 真理真理, 权利等而斗争权利等而斗争(战斗战斗)”fight against (可用可用with) the enemy “为反对为反对而斗争而斗争”；接人和国家名词，；接人和国家名词，意思是意思是“与与战斗战斗” fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战也可表示与某人并肩作战辨析辨析: fight against, fight for与与fight with 12. Of the first Spanish to go to
37、 California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1)句中句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。其后用不定式定语形式。She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.2) majority n. 大多数大多数 The majority_ for the budget. The majority of students _ hard
38、-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. was / wereareis 单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数 。 the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词，也后可用不可数名词，也可用可数名词复数可用可数名词复数, 谓语动词由后面的名词决谓语动词由后面的名词决定。定。in the/a majority 占大多数占大多数get a majority 获得多数票获得多数票have a majority over s
39、b. 获得多于某人获得多于某人的票数，战胜某人的票数，战胜某人a great majority 大多数大多数by/with a majority of 以大多数以大多数赢得赢得minority 少数的少数的12. declare vt. 1）宣布）宣布,宣告宣告 The chairman declared the results of the election. 警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了. The police have declared war on drug dealers in this area. 2） 宣称宣称,声称声称,断言断言 他郑重声
40、明此事属实他郑重声明此事属实. He declared that it was true. 13. make a life 开始新生活，习惯于新开始新生活，习惯于新的生活方式的生活方式 Many farmers go to the big cities to make a life. Its not easy to make a life in a new country.14. a large percentage have chosen1). A large percentage of population live in big cities.2).这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的这
41、宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。游客。 A large percentage of the hotels income comes from the visitors to the lake.3).Only a small percentage of students are foreigners.percent (用在数词后）（其余都用用在数词后）（其余都用percentage)(1) The result is expressed _(以百分比以百分比).(2)_ (比例越来越比例越来越大大)of the population own their own houses.(3)_(大
42、部分大部分) people came.(4)_ (百分之五十百分之五十的学生的学生) came form workers family.as a percentage An increasing percentage A large percentage of 50 percent of students15. keep up 继续，保持继续，保持 If we can keep up this speed, we should arrive there in about two days. Keep up your courage! 鼓起勇气，不要气馁！鼓起勇气，不要气馁！16. establ
43、ish a town 建立城镇建立城镇establish a new business 开创新事业开创新事业establish friendly relations with建立友好关系建立友好关系establish that he was right.证明他是对的。证明他是对的。17. immigrate vi. (to/ into)移居，迁入移居，迁入他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国 As a child, he immigrated to the US from Ireland.immigration n. immigration laws移民法移民法immigran
44、t (s) n. the European immigrants18.It is believed that It is said that It is hoped that It is supposed that It is suggested that It is reported that 主语从句主语从句It is reported that some European countries are flooded severely . It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down. 19. mix vi.混合，使混合
45、，使结合结合 1).Oil and water dont mix2).Oil doesnt mix with water.3).Tom and John mix like oil and water.4).I got /was mixed up at first. 头脑混头脑混乱乱5).He was mixed up in the scandal.(丑闻丑闻) 牵连到牵连到6).Dont get mixed up with them. 与与交往交往, 有联系有联系mixture n. 混合物混合物,混合体混合体这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物 The drink i
46、s a mixture of 3 different sorts of drinks. a mixture of sadness and anger / water and oil Success is a _ of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking.A. mixture B. thought C. time D. action20.nationality 国籍国籍 1). 她是美国国籍但住在中国。她是美国国籍但住在中国。 She has American nationality but lives in China
47、. 2). -你是哪国人？你是哪国人？ - 中国人中国人 -Whats your nationality? -ChineseShes on attachment to the Ministry of Defense. 她现在隶属于国防部。她现在隶属于国防部。He is training for the ministry.他正在接受培训，准备做牧师。他正在接受培训，准备做牧师。We are ready to face any hardship.我们准备好了面对任何艰难。我们准备好了面对任何艰难。They elected him chairman. 他们选他做主席。他们选他做主席。Its a bo
48、om year this year. 今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。We should not have racial discrimination. 我们不该有种族歧视。我们不该有种族歧视。Useful phraseslive onby means of in prehistoric timesin additiondie from a disease fight againstgain ones independence继续存在；继续生存继续存在；继续生存借助借助在史前时期在史前时期 此外，另外此外，另外死于疾病死于疾病对抗对抗.获得独立获得独立declare war ona
49、chieve ones dreammake a lifekeep up向向宣战宣战 实现梦想实现梦想习惯于新的生活方式、工作等习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 坚持；维持；沿袭坚持；维持；沿袭成为成为的家园的家园到到的时候的时候选择选择/决定做某事决定做某事不久以后不久以后become home toby the timeelect to dobefore longLearning about languageLearning about language Discovering useful words and expressionsAdjective Nounmajorhard racedist
50、inctmajority1 Complete the following chart with new words from the text.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionAdjective NounItalian Korea Pakistan Denmark Italy Korean Pakistani Danish 2 Complete these sentences, using new words from the text. 1. A _ country consists of a group of states. 2. That is the