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1、北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试卷北京市通州区2022届高三一模考试英语试卷一、语法填空Ihavebeentomanyplacesasanewsreporter.InIndia,Ivisitedacitywherethereweremany1.(home)children.Somewereasyoungasfouryearsold.Theylivedinthestreets2.survivedbybeggingorstealing.Butthenawonderfullady3.(call)Rosaopenedahomeforthem.Withinoneyear,shewaslookin
2、gaftertwohundredchildren.Sheclothedthem,fedthemandtaughtthem.Shegavethemhope.Onlineshopping1.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeople2.donthavemuchsparetime.Justclickingthemouse,theycangetwhattheywant3.stayingathome.Forthesellers,itcancutsomecostsforthos
3、ewithoutenoughcirculatingfunds.Comparedwiththetraditionaltrademode,theydonthavetospendmoneyin4.(rent)ahouse.Peterworked1.anightwatchmaninasmallfactory.Onemorninghisbosscameinwithasuitcase.HesaidtoPeter,ImgoingtoNewYorktomorrow.Seeyou.Petersaid,“Oh,youmustntgo.Thefactoryowneraskedhimwhy.Peteranswered
4、thathe2.(have)anightmarethenightbefore.Inthedream,hehadseenthenextdaysplanetoNewYorkcrashovertheAtlanticOcean.Petersboss3.(immediate)cancelledhisticketandstayedintheoffice.Theplanecrashed;thebossthankedPeterandgavehimabigpresent.Thenhefiredhim.二、完形填空“Sara,dontforgetyourpromisetomethatyouwillmow(割草)M
5、rs.Martinsyardthisweekend,saidDad.“Dontletmedown.Sarawastheoldestchildinthefamily,andoneofherchoreswastomowtheiryard.Mrs.Martin,their_neighbor,wasunabletotakecareofheryardinher70s,soSarasdadhad_Saraforthisjob._Mrs.Martinsyardwasnotbig,Saraknewthejobwouldgoquickly.However,shestilldislikedherdads_.“Wh
6、ydidntyouaskmefirst?Sarahad_.“Didyouaskmefirstwhenyouvolunteeredmetobeintheschoolfestivallastfall?askedSarasfather.“Well,no,Ididntaskyoufirst,_youwouldhavedonethosethingsanyway.Yourealways_tohelp.“I_whenIcan.Dadanswered.“Sara,wehaveknownMrs.Martinforaverylongtime.Shehasoften_ourfamily.Nowwecandosome
7、thingforher._,thefeelingyougetfromhelpingsomeonemakesyou_whoisreallyhelpingwhom.“Idontknow,Dad,saidSara.“TheonlyfeelingIgetfrommowingouryardis_.“Justyouwaitandsee,saidDadAfterbreakfast,SaramadeherwaytoMrs.Martinsyard.ShewasgoodatherjobandsoonhadMrs.Martinsyardlooking_.Mrs.Martincameoutsidewithabiggl
8、assoforangejuiceand_ittoher.Sarastoppedherworkand_enjoyedthedrink,whileMrs.Martintalkedtoheraboutalloftheflowersinheryard.Seeingthe_inMrs.Martinseyes,Sarabegantounderstandhowmuchtheyard_toMrs.Martin.Afterfinishingherdrink,Sarareturnedtoworkwithanew_.Awarmfeelingbeganto_throughherbody.Herdadwas_.Itwa
9、shardtotellwhowashelpingwhom!1.A.strangeB.newC.agedD.faithful2.A.guidedB.volunteeredC.orderedD.forced3.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although4.A.promiseB.argumentC.permissionD.introduction5.A.repliedB.suggestedC.complainedD.announced6.A.butB.soC.orD.for7.A.proudB.willingC.afraidD.fortunate8.A.chooseB.succe
10、edC.hesitateD.try9.A.respectedB.changedC.protectedD.helped10.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Otherwise11.A.imagineB.exploreC.worryD.wonder12.A.scaredB.movedC.tiredD.relaxed13.A.tidyB.aliveC.emptyD.messy14.A.threwB.deliveredC.offeredD.sold15.A.eagerlyB.generouslyC.carefullyD.gratefully16.A.determinati
11、onB.peaceC.curiosityD.joy17.A.relatedB.meantC.belongedD.referred18.A.attitudeB.wisdomC.inspirationD.expectation19.A.existB.flyC.spreadD.break20.A.unusualB.rightC.seriousD.helpful三、阅读理解Iwasintheseventhgrade,andwehadmovedtoNewJerseyinNovember.Bythen,everyonealreadyhadhadtheirownfriends,andnoonewantedt
12、otalktoanewgirl.Tomakethingsworse,theyputmein“SectionL.IfoundoutlaterthateveryonecalledSectionL“Loserville.Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesectionfortroublemakersandnot-so-smartkids.WhenIfoundout,Iwantedtoscream.Ihadalwaysbeenagoodstudentandhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!Ididte
13、xtmyfriendsinIllinoisalmosteverynight,especiallymybestfriend,Ana.Atfirstmyfriendswantedtohearallaboutit.ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthowmiserableIwas.OnenightwhenIwastextingwithAna,Icomplainedaboutanotherfriendwhohadjustdonethat.Anastextscamereallyfastforthenextfewminutesandth
14、eysurprisedme.ShesaidthatshewastiredofhearingabouthowbadeverythingwasinNewJersey,too.ShesaidshedidnotwanttohurtmyfeelingsbutthatIneededtostopfeelingsosorryformyselfallthetime,Ihadtotrytomakethingsbetter.Thenextday,IthoughtalotaboutwhatAnahadsaid.Shewasright!IwishIcouldsaythateverythingchangedovernig
15、htafterthat,butitdidnt.Iwasstillstuckin“Loserville,andsomepeoplewerestillmeantome,eventhoughItriedtojuststayoutoftheirway.ButwhatdidchangewasmeIstoppedfeelingsosorryformyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.Isigneduptomakesetsfortheschoolplay.Imetalotofnewpeoplethere,andsuddenlyIhadfriendstosayhito
16、inthehalls!IstillmissIllinoissometimes,butlifeinNewJerseyisntsohardanymore.EventhoughIcouldntchangemysituation,Icouldchangemyattitudeandthatmadeallthedifference.1.“Loservilleisasectionfor_.A.failuresB.goodstudentsC.classsecretsD.newcomers2.Thewritercomplainedallthetimeinthenewenvironmentbecause_.A.A
17、nadidnttextbacktoherB.herfriendshurtherfeelingsC.shewasunfairlytreatedD.shewasagoodstudent3.Whatmadeadifferenceinchangingthesituation?A.ShewentbacktoIllinois.B.SheendedfriendshipwithAna.C.Shefoughtbackwithherclassmates.D.Shebegantomakefriendswithothers.4.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe_.A.LastingFrie
18、ndshipB.AnIncidenceatSchoolC.SayGoodbyeto“LoservilleD.Unhappinessin“LoservilleThesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCOareweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfoot-printing
19、)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Anditsfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodr
20、ink.FromBerners-Leescalculations,itsclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbee
21、risbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyouvehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabanan
22、aandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,its200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydontneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdontuseyo
23、urcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So,maybeitstimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,ple
24、ase.1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis_.A.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackagedD.moreenergy-saving3.Th
25、epurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_.A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmoreth
26、anadults?Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecon
27、dtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$
28、5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.Wha
29、tthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknownmorecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswere
30、uncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.So,whatdoesallofthismean?Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisks
31、associatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.1.ThisexperimentwascarriedoutbyA.dividingtheteensintothreegroupsB.comparingthereactionstodifferentrisksC.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipantsD.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager2.Whenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe_.A.a
32、mbitsB.cautiousC.anxiousD.curious3.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.4.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson_.A.guaranteeingchildrentobecarefulB.settingagelimitsondangerousactivitiesC.respectingteenstoma
33、ketheirownchoicesD.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisksSharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas
34、,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence(AI),computingpower,anddrone(无人机)technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdronescalled“WestpacLittleRipp
35、erLifesaversinthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas“deeplearning,theSharkSpottersyst
36、emreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningto
37、theoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮仓)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驱逐装置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,tra
38、ppedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.InJanuary20xx,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.Webelie
39、veSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.1.ASharkSpotteris_.A.asolutiontomonitorsharksB.anequipmentt
40、oidentifylifesaversC.atechnologytopreventsharkattacksD.aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones2.Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill_.A.taketimelyactionB.analyzethevisualdataC.classifytheidentifiedobjectsD.turnon“deeplearningmode3.Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemisA.efficientinsaving
41、livesB.effectiveindetectingsharksC.smartindrivingsharksawayD.practicaloverthewholeseaarea4.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Objective.四、七选五Nowadays,WeChatisaboutexpressingouropinionsandWeiboisaboutcollectingthingswelike.Bothofthemdevelopours
42、elf-focus.Self-focussimplymeansyoupayattentiontohowyoufeel,thinkandbehave.Self-focusisntnaturallyabadthing.Particularlyinindividualistic(个人主义的)cultures,wevalueourabilitytobeself-aware.1.Unfortunately,whenyouareregularlyfocusingonyourself,youllnoticeanydissatisfaction,anxiety,orgeneraldiscomfortyoumi
43、ghtnothaveotherwise.2.Asaresult,self-focuscontributestoawiderangeofmentalhealthproblemslikeanxiety.Butquittingtechnologyisnolongerapracticalsolution.3.Forexample,dontpostaboutthingsyoudid,whichfocusesyourattentiononyourself.Instead,youcouldshareadviceandwordsofsupportfromyoursmartphone.Asaresult,you
44、llfeelbetter,andsowillthepeoplearoundyou.Doyouliketotakeselfies(自拍)?Itseasytotakeaquickpictureofyourselftoshowwhatyouredoing,orhowyourefeeling.Butpayingattentiontoourselvesoftenmakesusfeelworse.4.Doyourbesttohighlight(突出)thewonderfulthingsthatmakethemspecial.Inthisway,youwontfocussomuchonyourbadhair
45、day,andyouwillgetalongbetterwithyourfriends.5.Butifwecanlearntomovethefocusoffourselvesandontodoinggoodforothers,technologycanhelpusgrow.Anyway,thepointisthatitsuptoyoutohandletheabilityofyourself-focus.A.Toomuchself-focusmeansfewfriends.B.Self-focusisgenerallyhelpfulindailylife.C.Therefore,trytakin
46、gpicturesofyourfriends.D.Infact,wecanusetechnologyinwaysthatarelessself-focused.E.Bybringingyourattentiontothosenegativeemotions,youstrengthenthem.F.Wewanttoknowwhoweareandwhywedowhatwedotouncoverpossiblewaystoimproveourlives.G.Technology-whenusedincertainwaysishavingnegativeeffectsonourmentalhealthandwell-being.五、提纲类作文假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国文化很感兴趣。他即将过生日，你给他准备了一件礼物并写信给他，内容包括：1.生日祝福；2.礼物介绍；3.选择该礼物的原因。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.信的开始和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim_Y