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1、语法专题三介词和介词短语语法专题三介词和介词短语考点二-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2019全国,语篇填空)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.of/for该空前面是名词methods,后面是动词-ing形式,故应填介词。可以用of表示所属关系,也可填for。2.(2018全国,语篇填空)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.for句意:我在寻找我一
2、直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是固定搭配,意为“搜索;寻找”。考点二-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2017全国,语篇填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.from根据句意及空前面的to可知,这里应填from。to and from work表示“上下班”。4.(2017全国,语篇填空)After school she plans to take
3、a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.inget a degree in.为固定搭配,意为“取得学位”,故用介词in。5.(2016全国,语篇填空)In India,for example,most people traditionally eat their hands.with句意:例如,在印度,大部分人传统上用手吃饭。介词with表示“用”之意。考点二-4-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.in用在表示年份、季节、月份,
4、或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前;on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday.我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。考点二-5-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十2.for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during表示“在期间”;through表示“一直,自始至终”。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。I we
5、nt to France during the summer holiday.暑假期间我去了法国。They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。考点二-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十3.from,sincefrom表示时间的起点,意为“从”,多用于“from.to/till.”中;since表示“自从以来”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon.我在这里从早上等到了中午。Great changes have taken place in our school since De
6、c.,2015.自从2015年12月以来,我们学校发生了很大变化。注意for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。考点二-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十4.before,by,till,untilbefore表示“在之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”,by后接过去时间时,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间时,常与将来完成时连用。till/until表示“直到为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till
7、/until常与非延续性动词连用。Please come before ten oclock.请在十点钟以前回来。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前,你必须支付账单。You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。考点二-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十5.after,inafter+一段时间:表示“在之后”,用于一般过去时;但当after后跟时间点时,可用于各种时态。in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但
8、表示“在之内”时,可用于各种时态。After eight it began to rain.八点后开始下雨。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。考点二-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.on意为“在的上面”;over意为“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意为“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意为“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在附近”;next to意为“紧挨着”;round/
9、around意为“在周围”;by意为“在旁边”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等;across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从旁经过”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用down;through指从某物的内部“穿过”;over指“越过”某一障碍物。考点二-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts, through valleys and over mountains until at l
10、ast it reaches the sea.长城从西蜿蜒东下,穿过荒漠和山谷、翻越高山,直到最后到达大海。2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on表示“接壤,相邻”;to表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。The beautiful city is in China.这个美丽的城市在中国。考点二-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.at表示“以速度,以价格”。He bargained with the assistant,trying to get this bicycle at a low price.他和店员讨价还价,试图便宜买下这辆自行
11、车。2.for表示“用交换,以为代价”。He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百美元把车卖了。3.by表示“按计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位时,该名词前用定冠词the;接具体度量名词时,该名词前不加冠词。They are paid by the day.他们按天计算报酬。考点二-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.by表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail通过电子邮件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by时,名词前不加冠词;用in时,名词前要加冠词。请比较:I went there by car/in a car.我乘汽车去那
12、里。2.with表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。We speak with our mouths.我们用嘴说话。注意with表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或形容词性物主代词。考点二-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十3.in表示用某种材料或语言。Please speak in English and write in ink.请用英语说并用墨水写。4.through表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。You can only achieve success through hard work.只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。考点二-14-高考感悟考点归纳
13、一三二四五七六八九十besides表示包含,“除之外还有”。except表示排除,“除之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用,其后可以接不定式。except for表示“除之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除之外还有”时,相当于besides/as well as;表示“撇开来说,除去”时,相当于except (for)。in addition to表示“除之外还有”,相
14、当于besides。考点二-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains.天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。It is a beautiful city,except for its traffic.除了交通问题,它是一座美丽的城市。考点二-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。The Smiths are praised for
15、the way they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。2.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news.他对这个消息感到吃惊。3.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。Suffering from overwork,she is out of shape.由于工作过度,她健康状况不好。考点二-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十4.of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。If they dont find enough bamboo,pandas will
16、die of hunger.如果找不到足够的竹子,熊猫会死于饥饿。5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。He was trembling with cold.他冷得发抖。6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的伞。考点二-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.of+抽象名词=形容词of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词The book is of great value to our research.这本书对我们的研究有很
17、大价值。This old machine is of no use.这台旧机器没用了。2.to+ones+情感名词=to the+情感名词+of sb.To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。考点二-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.(表示方向)与方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着against the wind 迎着风;逆着风2.(表示方位)紧靠着;倚靠着against the wall 靠着墙3.(表示对象)对不利;对有害;以为竞争对手;违反;违背fight against同战斗;ag
18、ainst the natural law 违背自然规律It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是,我们做到了。4.(表示对比)和比;和对照;以为背景against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景考点二-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.(表示位置)在/往的另一边;在/往的那一边;在/往的更远处The house is beyond the bridge.房子在桥那边。2.(表示时间)迟于;晚于;在之后Dont stay h
19、ere beyond midnight.待在这里不要超过午夜。3.(表示范围)超出;非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the childrens reach.墙上的开关小孩子是够不到的。考点二-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十4.(表示程度)超出的范围;超过;对来说太难Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades.数学对我来说很难。我从来都得不了高分。5.(表示数目)多于;超过There werent beyond twenty people present.出席的人不超过20个。考点二-22-高
20、考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十1.atat lunch在吃午饭at table在吃饭at school在上学at peace在和平时期at first=at the beginning起初at the beginning of在的初始阶段at the end of.在结束时考点二-23-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十2.inin a sense从某种意义上说in common共同;共有in place在适当的位置in practice在实践中;实际上in public公开地;当众in turn依次;轮流;反过来in case以免;万一in detail详细地in office执政;在
21、位in power当权;在执政考点二-24-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十in progress在进行中in return作为回报in time及时;最终in the way挡路in exchange for用以交换in favour of同意;支持in the meanwhile同时in spite of不管;不顾in terms of就来说in addition to此外;除以外考点二-25-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十3.onon behalf of代表on condition that以作为条件on sale出售on strike在罢工on the increase正在增
22、加on the air正在广播on the contrary相反考点二-26-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十4.underunder control在控制之中under discussion在讨论中under development在发展中under construction在建设中under repair在修理中5.forfor lack of由于缺乏for the benefit of为了的利益as for就而论;关于考点二-27-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八九十6.byby chance=by accident偶然;碰巧by name凭名字;用的名字by far到目前为止7.o
23、ut ofout of order发生故障;失调out of place不得其所的;不适当的out of control失去控制out of ones reach某人够不着的地方out of the question不可能out of question毫无疑问-28-.单句填空1.“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China a product-making factory into a product-making power.(2019江苏南通中学模考)from句意:“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国。tra
24、nsform.from.into.“把从变成”。2.Parents are attaching great importance childrens calligraphy practice.(2019河北武邑中学高三月考)to句意:家长们十分重视孩子们的书法练习。attach importance to“重视”。-29-3.Last night Mr.Crook met some friends and stayed out midnight. (2019山东临沂期中)until/till句意:昨晚Crook先生见了几个朋友并且直到午夜才回来。until/till“直到”,符合题意。4.I
25、kept on walking,seeing watchtower after watchtower my way.(2017山西八校高三上学期第一次联考)on/along句意:我继续行走,沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。on/along ones way意为“沿途”。5.Although we didnt really understand everything,it was good to be lost the atmosphere of the occasion!(2017江西南昌十校高三第二次模拟)inbe lost in sth.意为“沉浸于”,是固定搭配,故用介词in。-30-6.O
26、n this blog(博客) I will be posting a travel journal _ photographs and drawings.(2017湖北高三第一次联考)with此处用with表示“具有,带有”,后跟名词photographs and drawings做后置定语。7.I was born in a town called Blackburn,in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home the age of eighteen.atat the age of为固定搭配,意为“在岁时”。8
27、.Most caves are formed nature under the ground,but some have entrances people can find.by此处表示大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的。由该句中的被动形式are formed可以判断,应用介词by。-31-9.These paintings look exactly the same the Lascaux Cave Paintings.asthe same as为固定搭配,意为“和一样”。10.There have been cultural exchanges China and Greece in recen
28、t years.between表示“在(两者)之间”要用介词between。between.and.“在和之间”。11.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them free.forfor free意为“免费”,为固定搭配,故用介词for。-32-12.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value,not for looks; other words,choose good quality goods w
29、ith plain packages.in根据句意可知,空后部分的内容用来进一步解释说明空格前的内容;再根据提示词other words,故填in。in other words“换句话说”。13.On some other websites,you can connect with people all over the world.fromfrom all over the world“来自世界各地”,from表示来源、出处。14.Meanwhile,the doctor in New York watched her on a video screen and then sent mess
30、ages to the robot machine the computer.through此处表示通过电脑给机器人发送信息,故填through。-33-15.The Scottish girl blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with句意:那个拥有一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。介词短语在句中做定语,with意为“长着”。16.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.off句意:她在拐弯
31、处开车速度太快了,车差点儿偏离了道路。go off the road是固定搭配,意为“偏离了道路”。17.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.without句意:没有一些数学方面的知识,认真进行物理研究是不可能的。without“无,没有”,在此表条件。-34-.单句改错1.We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared to the future.(2019湖南衡阳八中高三第四次月考)
32、第二个toforget prepared for是固定搭配,表示“为做准备”,所以把to改为for。2.Today,Chinese is where my strength lies,and Im grateful for my Chinese teacher.(2019广东 “六校联盟”第一次联考)forto表示“对某人感激”要用be grateful to sb.,所以把for改为to。3.Babies will catch more than six colds during their first year in average.(2019山东新泰一中第二次质检)inonon aver
33、age“平均”,是介词短语。-35-4.The activities will surely arouse our interest in learning English and improve our understanding in English.第二个inof表示“对的理解”时understanding后面要用介词of。5.Therefore,I always looked down upon my classmates who turned for me in their studies.fortoturn to sb.“向求助”,为固定搭配。6.You can imagine h
34、ow shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes fixed to me.toon/uponfix on/upon为固定短语,意为“集中(目光、注意力等)于”。-36-7.It was on Sunday so I didnt have to go to school as usual.删除on本处意为“那是星期天”,无须加介词。此处不是强调句型,因此要把on去掉。8.In the same time,a number of teenagers climbed up the stairs.InAtat the same time是固定搭
35、配,意为“同时”。9.There was a rich man who carried many treasures to the distance to look into happiness.intofor根据后面的happiness可知,此处应用look for“寻找”,而look into意为“调查”,不符合语境。-37-10.Beside this,it is necessary that we should also tell our parents what we are going to do when we go out.BesideBesidesbeside表示“在旁边”,
36、besides表示“除之外”,此处表示除了这个以外,还要在出去时告诉父母“我们”要去做什么,故改为Besides。11.This morning,I was jogging in the park when I caught sight a wallet on a bench.sight后加ofcatch sight of意为“看见”,符合语境,故加上介词of。12.After confirming he was the owner,I handed the wallet back with him.withto此处表示“我”把钱包还给了失主,hand sth.back to sb.为固定用法
37、,故用介词to。-38-13.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes of animals both on land and sea?第二个ofto句意:你曾经听说过是水陆两栖动物的栖息地的那种树吗?be home to是固定短语,意为“是的所在地/栖息地/家园/产地”。14.A common memory they all have from their schooldays is the school uniform.fromof句意:他们对于学生时代的共同的回忆就是校服。分析句子结构可知,they all have是定语从句,修饰m
38、emory,把该定语从句去掉就可以看出,此处考查的是名词memory与介词的搭配。memory of“关于的回忆”。-39-15.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.onin句意:托尼在商店橱窗里看到了一个玩具。表示在橱窗里面应用in。-40-.短文改错After school,I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin.He looked extremely weak.Immediately the homeless dog
39、filled me of sympathy.So I decided to take him home.I gave him some food and a bath.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.What a lovely dog!When my parents got home,I asked that I could keep the dog.To my surprised and joy,they agreed.Up to now,he has become member of our family and everyone
40、 had enjoyed his company.Looked at the cute and happy dog today,I realize that I was right to help him.I offered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.-41-42-43-1.删除intoenter表示进入某个具体处所时,不需要加介词;enter into后多跟抽象名词,表示进入某种状态。2.lielyingsee sb.doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”,符合语境,故用动词
41、-ing形式做宾语补足语。3.ofwithfill.with.意为“用充满”,为固定搭配,故用介词with。4.energyenergeticlook是系动词,后跟形容词做表语,故用形容词形式,即energetic。5.thatif/whether根据语境可推知,作者当时是要征询父母的意见,表示“是否”,故用if或whether引导宾语从句。6.surprisedsurprise根据my和and joy可知,此处应用名词形式。-44-7.become后加aa member of.表示“中的一员”。8.hadhas根据前面的has become可知,此处应用现在完成时,且与主语everyone保
42、持数的一致,故用has。9.LookedLookinglook和句子谓语realize之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且look和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。10.ourselvesus此处为固定搭配bring sb.sth.,此处的sb.应用代词的宾格形式,又因为主语是he,所以应用us。-45-.用适当的介词完成句子(每空一词)1.穿着红衣服的女孩们在讲意大利语。The girls dressed red were speaking Italian.2.他们面临的任务似乎远远超出了他们的能力。The tasks they were faced seemed far their ability.3.由于你没有告诉我,我对你很生气。Im pretty angry you for not telling me.4.她躺在床上,闭着双眼。She lay bed her eyes closed.5.她一听到这消息就痛哭流涕。 hearing the news,she burst tears.in with beyond with in with On into