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1、 Grammar-句子改错句子改错 英语组 唐颖20202020句子改错是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，为同学们整理了一些高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。现在我们学习一个口诀来分析这几类的错误短文改错的口诀动词形， 名词数；注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别； 习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析；逻辑错误需关注。 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错 误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。 例如例如：My fav
2、orite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (am) Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are) 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。指名词单数、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。 例如例如： 1.so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. 2。I used to love s
3、cience classall of thembiology, chemistry, physics.class-classessubject-subjects区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。 例如例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately) 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
4、。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。 例如例如：1. in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested) 2. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing) 3. My parents love me and will do all they can make sur
5、e (to) 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如例如： 1. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of) 2. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)不同的句子成分要用不同的词
6、类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 例如例如： 1. They eager to know everything about China and (were) 2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which) 第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，which(代“北京”, 在所引导的非限制性定语从句中做主语) is the capital of China (系表结构）where是副词，不
7、能作主语。与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。 例如例如： 1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) 2. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) 3. no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (eve
8、ryone) 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。 例如例如： 1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (and) 2. It looks as if my parents tr
9、eat me as a visitor and a guest. (or) 3. We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)小试牛刀小试牛刀：练一练 ,看看是否用到上文的口诀。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It w
10、as about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the
11、night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous Mountain with all kinds o
12、f plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories. famous前加前加a 考查 名词数we 前加前加 when（考查 句子成分多分析） themus （逻辑错误须关注） visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别 ）
13、 On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pill
14、ow. picturepictures（名词数） passespassed（动词形）; 去掉去掉 down andbut（but，and，or和so）考查连词的基本用法 去掉去掉at (考查句子成分多分析/习惯用法要注意)五、删除冗言五、删除冗言 造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异，主要考程度副词和频度副词。如: much more, often等的多余，介词的多余，语义的重复，固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。例如：1、 Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers n
15、or sisters-in any other words, I am an only child.2、 We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.3、 For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o clock in the morning.4、 Evening came down.5、 The main problem w
16、as in that I always thought in Chinese.去 any去 about去 on去 down去 in六、冠词的使用六、冠词的使用 冠词是英语中特有的词，由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词，大家对它的用法感到难以掌握，高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有，但多数是考查其基本用法，如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a，an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。例如：1、For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.2、 We may be one family an
17、d live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together.3、As everyone knows, it is famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.去去 thea samethe samefamous 前加前加 a 七、名词的数与格七、名词的数与格 汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同，如果英语的名词是可数名词，它有单复数形式。一般来讲，不可数名词没有复数式。例如：1、I used to love science class
18、all of thembiology, chemistry, geography, physics.2、 They dont want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.3、There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory.4、The mother took great proud in her daughter.5、Do
19、 you know he is a friend of John? class-classessubject-subjectswoman-womenproud-prideJohnJohns八、词语搭配八、词语搭配 这主要考查介词与动词，名词、形容词的固定搭配，副词与动词的固定搭配，及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词，英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。例如：1、 I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.2、 My teacher advised me to keep
20、my diary.3、The great discovery is great importance in science.4、The artist is known for everyone in the town.5、He failed but he wanted to try the second time.去去 atkeep my diarykeep a diaryis 后加后加 offor-tothe second timea second time九、词性分辨九、词性分辨 根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系，判断词的正确使用形式，根据词在句子中不同的句法功能，使用与之相适
21、应的词性。例如：1、He never helped other.2、But he is difference now.十、行文逻辑十、行文逻辑 这主要测试行文中not的有无；come与leave的误用;before与after的混用。例如：1、 Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.2、 What things are in other homes, I wonder.otherothers 或 other other peopledifference-differentgo-comeWhat-How短文改错例 I： Have you ever h
22、eard Angel Falls?1、It is a highest waterfall in the world, deep in the jungles2、of Venezuela. Few has ever seen Angel Falls.3、That is very hard to get there. If you went 4、in land, you would have to travel for weeks through 5、thick jungles. If you went by plane, it would take about 6、four hours. No
23、one knew about this high waterfall since 1930. 7、In that year, James Angel, American pilot, flew over the area. 8、Suddenly he saw a waterfall, that seemed 9、to drop straight out of from the clouds.10、heard heard ofa-thehas-haveThat-Itin land-by land正确正确since-untilan Americanthat- which去掉from短文改错例短文改
24、错例 II. Today I visited the Smithsmy first time visit 1,to a American family. They live in a small town. 2,It was very kind for them to meet me at the 3,railway station and drove me to their home. 4,The Smiths did his best to make me feel5,at home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.6,We have a
25、good time talking and laughing7,together. They eager to know everything about8,China and asked me lots of question. In fact, 9,they are planning to visit China in the next year.10,去掉去掉 timea-anfor-ofdrove-drivehis-their正确正确have-hadeager 前加前加 werequestion 加加 s去掉去掉 in短文改错例短文改错例 III. The journey was lo
26、ng and tired. We left London at five oclock 1,in the evening and spent eight hours on the train.2,We had been traveling for three hours after someone appeared selling 3,food or drinks. It was darkness all the time we were 4,crossing Wales so we could see nothing across the windows. When 5,we finally
27、 arrive nearly everyone was sleeping.6,As soon as a train stopped everyone came to life, grabbing(抓)7,suitcase and rushing onto the platform.8,While we were getting off the train it was an announcement 9,that the boat had not arrived already from Ireland and there 10,had been a delay, when the boat finally came we had beenwaiting for over two hours.tired-tiringon-inafter-beforedarkness-darkacross-througharrive-arrived正确正确it-therea-thealready-yet祝同学们 在2020高考中考出自己理想的成绩！