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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话者的主观愿望、假设或推测。说话者的主观愿望、假设或推测。一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用（非真实条件句）一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用（非真实条件句）在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下三种情况（见下动词都要用虚拟语气，主要有以下三种情况（见下一张幻灯片）：一张幻灯片）：从句谓语动词从句谓语动词主句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实与现在事实相反相反动词过去式动词过去式would (should, cou
2、ld, might) + do与过去事实与过去事实相反相反had + 过去分词过去分词would (should, could, might) + have done与将来事实与将来事实可能相反可能相反动词过去式动词过去式should + 动词原形动词原形were to + 动词原形动词原形would (should, could, might) + doeg) If she knew English, she wouldnt ask me for help. If I had known her number, I would have called her. If it were to r
3、ain tomorrow, they would stay at home.虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用有三种特殊情况如下：虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用有三种特殊情况如下：1.1.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句当条件从句与主句所表达的时间不一致时，主从句的当条件从句与主句所表达的时间不一致时，主从句的谓语动词应做相应的调整。谓语动词应做相应的调整。eg) If they had started early in the morning, they would be here now.2.2.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，
4、而是隐藏在语境当中，或是通过某些词语（如是隐藏在语境当中，或是通过某些词语（如without, otherwise, but for等）表现出来。等）表现出来。eg) But for your help, we wouldnt have passed the test. = If you hadnt helped us, we wouldnt have passed the test.3.3.if的省略和条件从句的倒装的省略和条件从句的倒装在非真实条件从句中，如果谓语动词含有在非真实条件从句中，如果谓语动词含有were, had（助动词）或（助动词）或should，可以省略，可以省略if而把而
5、把were, had或或should提到主语前面构成倒装。提到主语前面构成倒装。eg) Had I known her number, I would have called her. = If I had known her number, I would have called her.二、二、“(should) + do型型”虚拟语气虚拟语气1. 1. 在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等的宾语从句或相在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等的宾语从句或相关的名词性从句中，谓语动词用关的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“(should) + do”。能用于这个句型的谓语动词主要有：一个坚持能用于这个句型的谓语动
6、词主要有：一个坚持（insist），两个命令（），两个命令（order, command），三个建），三个建议（议（suggest, advise, recommend），四个要求（），四个要求（ask, demand, request, require）。）。eg) They suggested that he (should) go there at once. It was suggested that he (should) go there at once.2. 2. 在在“It is desired/important/necessary/strange/ natural/a pi
7、ty + that从句从句”中，从句中谓语动词中，从句中谓语动词用用“(should) + do”。eg) Its a pity that he (should) be so careless.三、三、“时态退步型时态退步型”虚拟语气虚拟语气1. 1. 用于用于wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中eg) I wish you would go with us tomorrow.2. 2. 用于用于“Its time + that从句从句”中中eg) It is high time that we took action.3. 3. 用于用于would rather后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中e
8、g) I would rather I had not told her the news yesterday.4. 4. 用于用于as if / as though引导的方式状语从句中引导的方式状语从句中eg) He talks as if / as though he knew all about it.5. 5. 用于用于if only引导的感叹句中引导的感叹句中eg) If only I had taken your advice!四、情态动词表示虚拟语气的用法四、情态动词表示虚拟语气的用法should have done = ought to have done本来应该做而没有做本来
9、应该做而没有做shouldnt have done = oughtnt to have done本来不应该做而做了本来不应该做而做了could have done / might have done本来可以做而没有做本来可以做而没有做neednt have done本来不必做而做了本来不必做而做了虚拟语气虚拟语气练习练习一一1. If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followedB. should follow C. had followedD. would follow2. - John went to the hospi
10、tal alone. - If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tellB. tells C. toldD. had toldCD3. - The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt dieB. didnt die C. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died
11、4. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allowB. do not allow C. mustnt allowD. couldnt allowDA5. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. takeB. had taken C. tookD. have taken6. George is going to tal
12、k about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. A. focusB. focused C. would focusD. had focusedBB7. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be savedD. was savedA1. I _ through that b
13、itter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have goneB. didnt go C. wouldnt goD. hadnt gone2. We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will putB. will have put C. would putD. would have putAD3. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had
14、comeB. was coming C. would comeD. would have come4. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. - I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attendedB. had attended C. would attendD. would have attendedDD5. - Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. -
15、I wish they _ always late. A. werentB. hadnt been C. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have been6. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studiedB. would study C. had studiedD. was studyingAC1. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ the
16、re, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. A. livesB. would live C. has livedD. were to live2. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. isB. were C. has beenD. had beenDB3. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. wasB. had been C
17、. should beD. would be4. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offeredBD5. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt make C. didnt makeD. hadnt made6. Jac
18、k is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. A. will doB. has done C. doD. didDD7. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visitedB. had visited C. would visitD. would have visited8. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had had C. haveD. hadDD9. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may haveB. could have C. must have hadD. might have hadD